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Leonard Merchant
Snail in a Bowl (Artist Proof inscribed to Fritz Eichenberg)

About the Item

Leonard Merchant's mezzotint, "Snail in Cup" is inscribed for fellow artist, Fritz Eichenberg. While a student at the Central School for Arts and Crafts in London, a young Leonard Marchant found an engraving rocker in a cupboard and proceeded to turn himself into a master of the painstaking art of mezzotinting. Marchant, who has died in Shrewsbury aged 70, grew up in Simonstown, the Royal Navy's enclave in South Africa. Though his first job was as a parliamentary messenger, he taught himself to paint and, aged 19, was given a one-man show in Cape Town. Fired by this success, he left for England to study painting and, he claimed, to escape the stifling home atmosphere created by his Catholic mother and aunts. (His father was killed in the second world war.) Without contacts in London, he phoned Jacob Epstein, whose recommendation resulted in a grant to study briefly at the Central School. It was later, when studying full-time at the Central, that he saw the mezzotints of the Japanese master, Yozo Hamaguchi, in a London gallery. He was hooked. Creating a mezzotint is tedious in the extreme. The copper plate must first be prepared with a "rocker" which roughens the surface. A plate may be "rocked" 30 or 40 times. The rough texture is then reduced with a burnisher and a scraper, allowing the print a range of tones from velvety black through the greys to white. Marchant's plates could be months in the making. But the technical demands were the least of his worries. In its 18th- and 19th-century heyday, mezzotint was solely a reproductive medium, for copying masters such as Reynolds and Turner. The development of photography rendered it unfashionable, and by the 1960s the technique, known as la manière anglaise, was a bygone medium. Marchant, by now a teacher in printmaking at the Central, began to create original mezzotints with a colleague, Radavan Kraguly. A perfectionist, he seemed to revel in the straitjacket procedure. Perhaps it was the metaphor of bringing darkness out of light that appealed to this straight-talking, sometimes sombre, man, who would suddenly relax and light up like a gleaming hue on one of his prints. His work was of squares and triangles with the occasional cat, black and ominous, and carefully arranged still lifes, featuring plants, a seed pod, a pot he might have bought at auction to celebrate the sale of a print. There were one-man shows, notably at the Bankside Gallery. He sold well at the Royal Academy summer exhibition, was a Florence Biennale prizewinner, spent a fellowship year at the British School in Rome, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers. But making mezzotints was not a paying job. Marchant and his South African wife, Tess, lived grandly in houses they could barely afford. Quercus, their shop in Primrose Hill, London, sold oak furniture in the 60s, before it was fashionable. When Marchant needed to renew stocks, he found he had priced himself out of the market. Professor David Carpanini of the Royal Society of Printmakers says a mezzotinter has to be very sure of what he wants to do. "Marchant's work was very sensitive in being able to see the model in areas of tone, which is the fundamental ability of the skilled mezzotinter. He had extraordinary poetic insight." Despite its revival, mezzotinting has a long way to go. It is not a favoured offering in art schools and dealers may also consider it "gloomy", though Marchant later printed in strong reds and brighter colors. A heavy smoker, Marchant contracted emphysema, but carried on rocking the plates till it became too much for him. He was an accomplished painter and, in his final year, was able to snatch a few hours a day to finish several large canvasses, including a much-cherished portrait of himself and his children.
  • Creator:
    Leonard Merchant (1929 - 2000)
  • Dimensions:
    Height: 5.88 in (14.94 cm)Width: 5.88 in (14.94 cm)
  • Medium:
  • Movement & Style:
  • Period:
  • Condition:
  • Gallery Location:
    New Orleans, LA
  • Reference Number:
    1stDibs: LU84134680602
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