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Fritz KochendoerferBust of a young woman with headscarf / - Farewell to Childhood -c. 1910
c. 1910
About the Item
Fritz Kochendörfer (1871 Mannheim - 1942 Osterode am Harz), Bust of a young woman with headscarf, c. 1910. Two-tone alabaster on a curved black marble plinth, 24 cm (height) x 22 cm (width) x 14 cm (depth), 4.9 kg, signed “Kochendörfer fec[it].” and numbered 6 7 90 / II / 376 on the reverse, metal plaque “Kochendörfer. Original Hofkunstanstalt. Medal for Art Munich 1891.”
- Tip of the nose bumped and very isolated bumped areas, two small stains on the headscarf, otherwise in good condition.
- Farewell to Childhood -
Kochendörfer, who had spent time as a sculptor in Florence, created a work based on the marble portrait busts of the early Florentine Renaissance. Instead of the self-confident gaze out into the world opened up by the Renaissance, as in Desiderio da Settignano's portrait of the young Marietta Strozzi from around 1460, Kochendörfer gives the girl an introverted expression that exudes the melancholy of the fin de siècle. Her head is inclined downward and her gaze is directed inward. However, her contemplation is not an oppressive melancholy, but at the same time exudes the lightheartedness of childlike innocence. But the girl is no longer a child, she has become a young woman, so the contemplation is a wistful farewell to her own childhood.
The transformation from a girl to a young woman, who covers her hair with a headscarf, adds an erotic component to the portrait, which is enhanced by the sensual appearance of her body. The garment, of a different color, is darker in tone and has a grain running through it, which makes her skin appear even more delicate and pure. The face, with the straight bridge of the nose, the large eyes, and the finely curved mouth, gives the young woman an aura of untouchable ideality. Yet the face does not appear frozen, but extremely lively, not least because of the addition of yellow tones.
The viewer is drawn to the young woman's beauty and at the same time encouraged to share her thoughts. This creates a sense of connection, even though the sitter is completely absorbed in herself.
About the artist
Fritz Kochendörfer was the son of a Sonneberg doll manufacturer. This meant that he was literally born with an affinity for the sculptural figure. Accordingly, he studied sculpture at the Munich Art Academy, but was unable to complete his studies due to lack of funds. After stays in Rome and Florence, where he devoted himself to marble sculpting, he began working for Kunstanstalt Schumacher & Co. in Osterode am Harz in 1896.
Founded in 1887 by Gottfried Schumacher, the company experimented with new materials to imitate marble. The gypsum-based "Chromoplasta" initially invented did not have the desired material properties, but formed the basis for the development of "Marmalith", which could be used to cast marble-like works. However, this gypsum-based material was also sensitive to water, so Schumacher developed a casting process using ground white marble to meet customer demand for washable surfaces. With the growing prosperity of the middle class, the demand for real marble sculptures increased after 1900, leading to the establishment of a sculpture factory.
Fritz Kochendörfer learned the techniques of stone casting at the Schumacher company before opening his own workshop in 1899, also in Osterode. He continued to experiment with improving the casting process and developed a chromium plating technique that made it possible to give the artificial marble a variety of colors and veins. He was so successful in producing his cast alabaster sculptures, which looked like real marble, that at the height of his career he employed over 100 people in his workshops. In 1913, the Hofkunstanstalt was renamed the Kunstgewerbliche Anstalt. It was closed in 1927.
GERMAN VERSION
Fritz Kochendörfer (1871 Mannheim - 1942 Osterode am Harz), Büste einer jungen Frau mit Kopftuch, um 1910. Zweifarbiger Alabaster auf geschweifter schwarzer Marmorplinthe, 24 cm (Höhe) x 22 cm (Breite) x 14 cm (Tiefe), 4,9 kg, rückseitig mit „Kochendörfer fec[it].“ signiert und der Nummer 6 7 90 / II. / 376 versehen, Unterboden mit eingelassener Metallplakette „Kochendörfer. Original Hofkunstanstalt. Medaille für Kunst München 1891.“
- Nasenspitze bestoßen und sehr vereinzelte bestoßene Stellen, zwei kleine Flecke auf dem Kopftuch, sonst in gutem Zustand.
- Abschied von der Kindheit -
Kochendörfer, der sich als Bildhauer in Florenz aufgehalten hatte, schafft hier ein an den Marmorporträtbüsten der Florentiner Frührenaissance orientiertes Werk. Anstatt eines selbstbewussten Blicks in die mit der Renaissance erschlossene Welt hinaus, wie es bei dem um 1460 von Desiderio da Settignano geschaffenen Bildnis der jungen Marietta Strozzi vor Augen steht, verleiht Kochendörfer dem Mädchen einen in sich gekehrten Zug, der die Melancholie des Fin de Siècles verbreitet. Der Kopf ist schräg nach unten gewendet und der Blick nach innen gerichtet. Das Sinnieren ist aber keine drückende Schwermut, sondern verströmt zugleich die Unbeschwertheit kindlicher Unschuld. Das Mädchen ist aber nicht mehr Kind, sie wird zur jungen Frau, so dass das Sinnieren dem wehmütigen Abschied von der eigenen Kindheit gilt.
Der Wandel vom Mädchen zur jungen Frau, die ihr Haar mit einem Kopftuch verhüllt, verleiht der Büste eine erotische Komponente, die durch die sinnliche Erscheinung ihrer Körperlichkeit gesteigert wird. Das anders gefärbte Gewand ist tonal dunkler und von einer Maserung durchzogen, wodurch ihre Haut umso zarter und reiner erscheint. Das Antlitz mit dem graden Nasenrücken, den großen Augen und dem fein geschwungen Mund verleiht der jungen Frau die Aura einer unantastbaren Idealität. Und dennoch wirkt das Gesichts nicht erstarrt, sondern äußerst lebendig, was nicht zuletzt durch die Beimengung von Gelbtönen bewirkt worden ist.
Der Betrachter wird von der Schönheit der jungen Frau angezogen und zugleich dazu animiert, mit in ihr Sinnieren einzustimmen. Dadurch entsteht eine Verbundenheit, auch wenn die Dargestellte ganz in sich selbst versunken ist.
zum Künstler
Fritz Kochendörfer war der Sohn eines Sonneberger Puppenfabrikanten. Damit war ihm die Affinität zur gestalteten Figur in wortwörtlichem Sinne in die Wiege gelegt. Dementsprechend studierte er Bildhauerei an der Münchener Kunstakademie, konnte das Studium aus Geldmangel jedoch nicht zu Ende führen. Nach einem Aufenthalt in Rom und Florenz, wo er sich der Bildhauerei in Marmor widmete, wurde er ab 1896 für die Kunstanstalt Schumacher & Co. in Osterode am Harz tätig.
In der 1887 von Gottfried Schumacher gegründeten Firma wurden auf experimentelle Weise neue Werkstoffe entwickelt, mit denen Marmor imitiert werden konnte. Das zunächst erfundene, auf Gips basierende ‚Chromoplasta‘ hatte nicht die gewünschten Materialeigenschaften, bildete aber die Grundlage, um daraus das ‚Marmalith‘ zu entwickelt, mit dem marmorähnliche Werke gegossen werden konnten. Der ebenfalls gipsbasierte Werkstoff war jedoch wasserempfindlich, weshalb Schumacher ein Gussverfahren aus gemahlenem weißen Marmor entwickelte, um dem Kundenwunsch nach abwaschbaren Oberflächen gerecht zu werden. Mit der weiter zunehmenden Prosperität der bürgerlichen Schicht entwickelte sich ab 1900 zudem eine Nachfrage nach Skulpturen aus echtem Marmor, so dass eine Bildhauermanufaktur eingerichtet wurde.
In der Firma Schumacher eignete sich Fritz Kochendörfer die Techniken des Steingusses an, um sich ab 1899, ebenfalls in Osterode, mit eigenen Werkstätten selbstständig zu machen. Er setzte die Experimente zur Verbesserung der Gussverfahren fort und entwickelte eine Technik der Chromierung, die es erlaubte, dem Kunstmarmor verschiedenartige Farbtonalitäten und Maserungen zu verleihen. Vor allem mit der Produktion seiner wie aus echtem Marmor wirkenden gegossenen Alabasterbildwerke war er derart erfolgreich, dass er in seinen Werkstätten zu Hochzeiten über 100 Mitarbeiter beschäftige. 1913 wurde die Hofkunstanstalt in Kunstgewerbliche Anstalt umbenannt. 1927 erfolgte die Schließung.
- Creator:Fritz Kochendoerfer (1871 - 1942, German)
- Creation Year:c. 1910
- Dimensions:Height: 9.45 in (24 cm)Width: 8.67 in (22 cm)Depth: 5.52 in (14 cm)
- Medium:
- Movement & Style:
- Period:
- Condition:
- Gallery Location:Berlin, DE
- Reference Number:1stDibs: LU2438215027732
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