{"id":358462,"date":"2021-10-08T17:21:40","date_gmt":"2021-10-08T21:21:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.1stdibs.com\/blogs\/the-study\/?p=358462"},"modified":"2024-10-29T07:12:54","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T11:12:54","slug":"turkish-rugs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.1stdibs.com\/blogs\/the-study\/turkish-rugs\/","title":{"rendered":"Turkish Rugs: A Guide to the Patterns and History of These East-Meets-West Carpets"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Living<\/a>
New York\u2013based interior designer Sara Bengur<\/a> used a colorful Turkish kilim rug<\/a> in her own living room. Photo by Peter Murdock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

They\u2019ve adorned the palaces of sultans and queens, inspired fairy tales and legends and cushioned the footsteps of generations. Turkish rugs<\/a>, with their ruby reds and misted blues, their entwined botanical designs and rhythmic geometries, are as beloved today as they were in the 13th century, when the Turks of the Seljuk Empire began weaving these vibrant carpets in Anatolia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since then, technology, consumer demand and even geography have all left their mark, but the rugs continue to reflect rich age-old cultural and aesthetic traditions. This guide to the types of Turkish rugs will help you find the ones best suited to your life, your style<\/a> and your home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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What Is a Turkish Rug?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"A<\/a>
A vintage Turkish rug anchors this New Orleans living room<\/a> designed by Eclectic Home<\/a>. Photo by Sara Essex Bradley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Turkish rug is simply one made in Turkey or the former Ottoman empire, employing the region\u2019s unique traditional methods and weaves. Carpets produced elsewhere using the same techniques are considered inauthentic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varieties range from flat-woven kilims<\/a> to lush knotted rugs, known as hali<\/em>, many of which are created with Ghiordes<\/a>, or Turkish, knots. Whereas in other knots, the weft (crosswise) yarn is wrapped around one warp (lengthwise) yarn, in Ghiordes knots, it is wrapped around two, imparting lushness and durability. In addition to knotting techniques, Turkish rugs differ in their motifs \u2014 naturalistic or stylized, geometric or figurative \u2014 which often reflect the region where they were made. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Types and Styles of Turkish Rugs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"A<\/a>
This intricate late-19th-century Oushak rug<\/a> displays many of the style’s typical colors.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Turkish rug types and styles are defined both by weaving method and region, city or village of origin. The main types, as Milan-based carpet dealer Alfredo Levi<\/a> explains it, are kilim<\/a>, typified by a plain slit-tapestry weave, which leaves a gap, or slit, between sections woven with different yarns in different colors; sumak<\/a><\/em>, made with weft wrapping, for a sturdier flat-woven carpet; and cicim<\/a><\/em>, which he describes as \u201ca type of sumak<\/em> with extra brocade techniques typical of the tribes and villages of central Anatolia.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Turkish<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Anatolian<\/a><\/figure>\n
Left: Turkish Bergama rug, ca. 1890<\/a>. Right: Anatolian Tulu prayer rug, ca. 1900<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Within each type, there are various regional styles. Among these are Bergama carpets<\/a>, characterized by bright reds and strong medallions; thick-piled Tulu rugs<\/a>; and Konya rugs<\/a>, which Marco Polo is said to have called \u201cthe most beautiful in the world.\u201d With their strong tribal motifs and hot-red wefts of especially luxurious wool, Konya carpets are especially prized by collectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Anatolian<\/a>
Anatolian Konya rug with apricot hues, 19th century<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Also treasured are Oushak<\/a> (or Ushak) rugs, with their complex, intricate designs and warm earth tones of saffron, cinnamon, blue, ivory and gold; and Hereke carpets<\/a>, originally created exclusively for Ottoman sultans, using the finest silk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
A detail from an 1880 Hereke rug<\/a> depicts a hunting scene.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Still made in the coastal Turkish town of Hereke, these woven jewels \u2014 with their exquisite, highly intricate floral patterns crafted from wool, cotton and silk and frequently enhanced with gold and silver threads \u2014 are much sought-after by collectors and decorators the world over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Traditional vs. Modern Turkish Rugs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Modern<\/a>
Handmade Turkish shag rug, 21st century<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

For Jason Nazmiyal, of New York carpet dealer Nazmiyal Antique Rugs<\/a>, \u201ca good Turkish rug is when the colors are harmonious<\/a>.\u201d This is true of both modern and antique Turkish rugs, but the hues have changed over the centuries, thanks to both technology and changes in culture and taste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries, Ottoman rug weavers used yarns colored with natural dyes derived from local plants. Chemical dyes, invented in the 1850s, offered an expanded palette but could not reproduce natural dyes’ subtle gradations in hue, which lend carpets a gentle visual texture and near-shimmering quality.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Double<\/a>
Double Knot Chessboard hand-knotted Turkish carpet, 21st century<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Even so, Murat Kupcu, of Double Knot Rug Gallery<\/a>, finds that today\u2019s buyers frequently prefer the more subdued tones of commercial dyes. \u201cColor is a challenge,\u201d he notes, \u201cand a rug has a big impact in a room<\/a>, so we end up with a lot of gray and beige.\u201d Buyers should be careful, however, not to mistake new commercially bleached Turkish carpets for antique or vintage rugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patterns, too, have evolved. Although many weavers continue to produce traditional designs, others reinterpret their cultural heritage in contemporary terms, with bolder ornamentation and more geometric motifs. Contemporary rugs<\/a> also are seldom made by hand and often incorporate synthetics into the weave, for cost-effectiveness and a durability suited to 21st-century life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But just as beige doesn\u2019t have to be boring<\/a> (think colors like marble gray or pinkish sand), a manufactured rug can be a boon. \u201cIn the end, you may prefer a machine-made rug because of your dog, your child, the wear and tear,\u201d Kupcu points out. \u201cSometimes you\u2019re better off giving up the romantic notion of \u2018handmade.\u2019 \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Q&A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Turkish<\/a>
Interior designer Pernille Lind<\/a> placed a vintage Turkish rug in this Chicago-area home. Photo by John and Maura Stoffer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What is special about a Turkish rug? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a tactile, chromatic thing \u2014 visual, soft, less uptight,\u201d says Levi. \u201cThat\u2019s why people love them. They carry time.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAntique Turkish rugs are masterful in the way they layer color,\u201d says interior designer Sara Bengur<\/a>. \u201cThere are often many colors woven together in the pattern, yet they feel balanced and serene, especially when woven with vegetable dyes the way most antique rugs<\/a> were. I also love the intentional imperfections that are the weavers\u2019 way of putting their stamp and personal touch on it.

\u201cThe wool<\/a> from Turkey, too, is much different than wool from other countries,\u201d she adds. \u201cIt has a very refined hand to it, making their flat-weaves look sophisticated and at home in more-urban environments, even though they were created for purely functional reasons and used in a practical way in rural communities to cover floors and beds.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"A<\/a>
Kayseri rugs<\/a>, such as this one<\/a> from 1910 in hand-knotted silk, come from the area around the city of Kayseri, in eastern Anatolia.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

What should you look for in a Turkish carpet?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best carpets are woven or knotted using the classic Ghiordes knot and made from wool, cotton<\/a>, camel or other animal hair<\/a> or \u2014 in the most luxurious examples \u2014 silk<\/a>. Older rugs boast intricate designs in scarlet, brick and navy; after the 18th century, they became larger<\/a>, with softer hues. Watch out for \u201cantique-wash\u201d carpets \u2014 newer rugs bleached to look old, usually overpriced and of poor quality. If investment matters, says Nazmiyal, choose rugs of all-over design instead of ones with a center medallion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do you care for Turkish carpets and rugs?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHandmade rugs should be cleaned by specialized cleaners,\u201d Kupcu advises. \u201cLight vacuuming, dusting by shaking outside and spot cleaning with a little bit of soap and water is what you can do at home<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Heide<\/a>
Heide Hendricks, of the design firm Hendricks Churchill<\/a>, used an antique Turkish rug in this apartment in New York’s Greenwich Village. Photo by Chris Mottalini<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Where is the best place to buy a Turkish carpet or rug?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

First and foremost, look for reputable dealers<\/a>. And train your eye by finding rugs you like \u2014 even searching Google images, suggests Nazmiyal \u2014 and comparing them. Kupcu also cautions, \u201cAs a consumer, you need to ask questions.\u201d Is a certain rug \u201cantiqued\u201d? When and where was it made?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be wary of touristy carpet shops in cities like Istanbul, whose wares may well have been made recently \u2014 in China. Often, it takes an expert eye to know the difference. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI spent a lot of time reading books, visiting museums and eventually befriending expert dealers, touching rugs,\u201d says Kupcu. \u201cI learned even more after opening my store<\/a>. I am still learning.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tExplore Turkish Rugs on 1stDibs\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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They\u2019ve adorned the palaces of sultans and queens, inspired fairy tales and legends and cushioned the footsteps of generations. Turkish rugs, with their ruby reds and misted blues, their entwined botanical designs and rhythmic geometries, are as beloved today as they were in the 13th century, when the Turks of the Seljuk Empire began weaving […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":426,"featured_media":359779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"apple_news_api_created_at":"2021-10-08T21:21:47Z","apple_news_api_id":"04a2e1fa-e0f3-46bc-9323-efb6b8b5a030","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2024-10-29T11:12:45Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABA==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ABKLh-uDzRryTI--2uLWgMA","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15550953,15522073],"tags":[15568324,15568332,15568338,15568341,14729583,15568326,15568328,15551023,15568337,15568340,15568327,15568336,15279083,15568329,15568342,7652843,6913,15550391,15531013,15568331,15568333,15524323,15568325],"dibs-categories":[],"dibs-designs":[],"dibs-styles":[],"dibs-creators":[],"dibs-sellers":[],"class_list":["post-358462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iconic-designs","category-interiors","tag-abigail-esman","tag-alfredo-levi","tag-anatolia","tag-double-knot-rug-gallery","tag-eclectic","tag-eclectic-home","tag-ghiordes","tag-hendricks-churchill","tag-hereke","tag-jason-nazmiyal","tag-kilims","tag-konya","tag-murat-kupcu","tag-oushak-rug","tag-pernille-lind","tag-rug","tag-rugs","tag-sara-bengur","tag-silk","tag-silk-rug","tag-turkey","tag-turkish","tag-turkish-rugs"],"acf":{"post_format":"article","subtitle":"From kilims to Oushaks, we break down the types and styles to know. 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