Palais Royal Gilt Bronze and Mother of Pearl Toilet Mirror, circa 1850

A fine and impressive Napoleon III gilt bronze and ebony bevelled mirror. French, circa 1850. A fine and impressive Napoleon III gilt bronze and ebony bevelled mirror with cast...

An Empire style gilt bronze-mounted green granite fireplace. French, circa 1850. The fireplace has a rectangular mantel shelf above a frieze cent...

An Important Louis XV style twelve-light rock crystal and gilt-bronze chandelier. French, circa 1850. An important Louis XV style twelve-light rock crystal and gilt-bronze chandelier, surmounted by a floral corona, issuing six scrolling branches, each terminating with three circular drip pans and nozzles, decorated all over with drops, grapes, apples and baluster shaped shades. The etymology of the word "crystal" has its origins in the Ancient Greek word for ice ‘krystallos’. Rock crystal which is always cool to the touch they considered to be ice permanently frozen by the Gods. For thousands of years Rock crystal has been prized for its beauty and remarkable ability to refract light. When cut and polished, the inherent striations and inclusions of the crystal create a refracted light richer in luminosity than that of manmade crystal or glass. These properties have made it highly desirable throughout history; its scarcity ensuring its use was limited to all but the most luxurious of decorative items. Rock crystal is in reality a natural quartz, pure monocrystals of siliceous oxide. A material of exceptional hardness with indices of light refraction close to that of a diamond, quartz has been mined and worked since antiquity. In the Middle Ages, this rare material was used almost exclusively on religious objects. A prohibitively expensive material, Cristal de roche was first mined in France in small quantities in the 17th century and its rarity forced artisans to innovate. The imitation of crystal began in Venice in the 15th century - the art of the glassmaker being to recreate the limpidity and luminosity of rock crystal. To do this, the glassmakers invented a 'crystal' made in reality of glass combined with a mixture of potassium, silicon, manganese and lead oxide heated to between 1200 and 1500 degrees. This crystal imitated rock crystal, although it displays a metallic colouring. This crystal de roche should not be confused with what is now called crystal. The latter was a development of 18th century Bohemia and, subsequently France with the Manufacture Royale de cristaux. Rock crystal first appears as small beads on candelabras and chandeliers - not yet called lustres - in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 18th century the discovery of new seams in Central Europe allowed the mining of larger blocks of crystal, which could in turn be worked into pyramids, drops and stars. The highest value was historically based, like diamonds, on two things - the weight and the clarity or limpidity of the crystal. The clearer the better, hence the phrase d'une très belle eau when referring to crystal. Perhaps the earliest recorded-reference in France is in 1697, when Louis XIV offered twelve grand 'lustres' in 'cristal de roche' to the King of Siam. Louis XV also possessed a chandelier with twelve branches in his chambre a coucher at Versailles which had been delivered by Delaroue and Slodtz. This was commented on by the duc de Luynes: 'on a mis dans la chambre du roi, un chandelier en cristal de roche d...

A highly important patinated bronze and Sienna marble fireplace of palatial proportions with finely cast bronze panels and classical figures depicting 'Printemps' and 'Automne'. French, circa 1850. This magnificent Fireplace...

A very fine Empire gilt and patinated bronze mounted mahogany cheval mirror or 'Psyché'.  French, circa 1820. This fine Empire style mahogany cheval mirror or 'Psyché' is of e...

A pair of gilt and patinated bronze figural candelabra by Charles Cumberworth. French, circa 1850. Signed 'C. Cumberworth'. This Fine pa...

Charles X toilet mirror in cut crystal and gilt bronze. The circular mirror with its guilloché border is mounted on a rotating system attached to a diamond-tipped crystal shaft. The ...

A George I red japanned and gilt toilet mirror, the period plate in double arched and ovalo frame, the stand with fall front and fitted interior above a single shaped drawer en arbal...

Fine quality and very elegant, Victorian, mahogany toilet mirror with original oval plate, having carved supports and attractive figured mahogan...

French gilt bronze table mirror, circa 1875.

Sn4165 Victorian, mahogany toilet mirror with original oval plate, having carved supports and attractive figured mahogany base, standing on carv...

A Charles X Paris porcelain and ormolu-mounted rosewood toilet mirror, circa 1820.