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19th Century Furniture

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Period: 19th Century
Pair of Antique Venetian Fancy Paint-Decorated Mirrors in Peach and Gold
Located in Essex, MA
Hand-crafted in Italy in the early 1800s, this pair of polychrome Venetian mirrors have gilded carvings offset by floral paint. The shaped mirrors are surrounded by a border festooned with repeating applied decorations. There is a gilt-raised border surrounding the mirrored glass. Each mirror is topped by a pierced finial that has also been carved and painted with garlands and flourishes The curls transition seamlessly into gilded floral and foliate embellishments that flare outwards and then trail down the sides. At the bottom of each mirror is a pair of gilded and painted feet. This pair of early 18th-century polychrome Venetian mirrored sconces would make great additions to just about any room of the house. instantly adding grace to whichever wall they are placed on. This pair of antique Venetian...
Category

Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Glass, Fruitwood

Large Leather Steamer Trunk
Located in Faversham, GB
A wonderful late 19th-century leather steamer trunk. The trunk is made of canvas and has been leather-mounted around a wicker dome top. Two large buckles to the front of the trunk s...
Category

British Late Victorian Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather, Wicker

19th Century Copper Vessel
Located in Gloucestershire, GB
19th Century patinated copper vessel with iron handles.
Category

British Industrial Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Copper, Iron

2 Volumes. Colonel Wilson, Picturesque Palestine, Sinai & Egypt.
Located in New York, NY
2 Volumes. Colonel Wilson, Picturesque Palestine, Sinai & Egypt. Bound in full black morocco with open and gilt-tooled detailing on the covers and raised band spines. All edges gilt ...
Category

American Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

Japanese Carved and Lacquered Shibayama Cabinet, Meiji Period
Located in San Francisco, CA
An elaborate and finely detailed carved wood, and gold lacquered Shibayama cabinet (Chigaidansu). Having beautifully applied semi-precious stone and ...
Category

Japanese Meiji Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Mother-of-Pearl, Wood

Antique Victorian Oak Leather Top Writing Table / Desk
Located in London, GB
An impressive antique Victorian oak leather top writing table / desk. This was made in England, it dates from around the 1870-1890 period. It is of superb quality, solid oak through...
Category

British Late Victorian Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Brass

1 Volume. John Brown, The Self-Interpreting Holy Bible.
Located in New York, NY
1 Volume. John Brown, The Self-Interpreting Holy Bible. Bound in full black morocco with the covers and raised bands displaying gilt-tooled detailing. All edges gilt, gilt-tooled den...
Category

American Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

Two Late 19th Century Louis XVI Style Lacquered Wood Columns
Located in Catania, Sicilia
Two Blue, brown and gold lacquered wood columns hand-crafted in Italy in late 19th century, they were in a noble Sicilian palace at the four corners of a large hall, there are 4 colu...
Category

Italian Louis XVI Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Wood, Lacquer

25 Volumes. Sir Walter Scott, The Waverley Novels.
Located in New York, NY
25 Volumes. Sir Walter Scott, The Waverley Novels. Centenary Edition. Bound in full tan calf with gilt-tooled bordering on the covers. Raised band spine with gilt-tooled detailing an...
Category

Scottish Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

9 Volumes. Horace Walpole, The Letters.
Located in New York, NY
9 Volumes. Horace Walpole, The Letters. Bound in 3/4 brown morocco and marbled boards, bordered in gilt-tooling. Raised band spines with gilt-tooled det...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

4 Volumes. J.R. Green, A Short History of English People.
Located in New York, NY
4 Volumes. J.R. Green, A Short History of English People. Illustrated Edition. Bound in 3/4 red morocco and marbled boards bordered in gilt-tooling. The...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

1 Volume. Emma Roberts, Hindostan.
Located in New York, NY
1 Volume. Emma Roberts, Hindostan. Bound in full red morocco with the covers displaying open-tooled central details, and gilt-tooled floral bordering details. The spines display raised bands, label lettering, bordering, and panel details, all gilt-tooled with some open tooling. All of the edges are gilded with floral gilt-tooled dentelles. Includes landscapes, palaces, tombs, temples, the shores of the Red Sea, and the sublime and romantic scenery of the Himalayan Mountains. Illustrated in a series of views drawn by Turner, Stanfield, Prout, Cattermore, Roberts, Allom, etc. Published by Peter Jackson...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

6 Volumes, M. Rollin, the Ancient History
Located in New York, NY
6 Volumes. M. Rollin, The Ancient History. Bound in full tan calf with the covers displaying a gilt-tooled border and open-tooled cross-hatching. The spines display red and green mor...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

c. 1840 Charles X Inlaid Wood and Black Velvet Sicilian Sofa
Located in Catania, Sicilia
This Sicilian sofa is a piece of furniture that embodies the elegance and craftsmanship of the Charles X period, which was prominent in France during the early 19th century. The sofa...
Category

Sicilian Charles X Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Wood

Late 19th Century Louis Philippe Gilded Wood Italian Wall Mirror
Located in Catania, Sicilia
This gilded wood Italian wall mirror is a beautiful and elegant piece of decorative art and furniture from late 19th century. The Louis Philippe style, which was popular during the p...
Category

Italian Louis Philippe Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Mercury Glass, Giltwood

Edmé Beauchêne disarticulated human skull with museum provenance, France
Located in Leuven , BE
Edmé François Chauvot de Beauchêne (1780, Île-de-France – 1830, Paris), was a French physician, surgeon and anatomist. He was Chief of l'hopital Saint-Antoine Paris, the Deputy Chief...
Category

French Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Brass

French Louis XVI Style Gilded and Painted Wood Directoire Wall Barometer
Located in Bradenton, FL
19th century French Louis XVI style gilt and painted wood barometer. While not in working order, barometer has that wonderful old 'chippy' peeling patina. The carved wood frame and g...
Category

French Louis XVI Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Wood

Cast Iron Stable Fitting by Musgrave & Co LTD. Garden Table, Kitchen Island or ?
Located in Chicago, IL
By definition this incredible Table would be called a; Cast Iron Stable Fitting manufactured by Musgrave & Co LTD. Musgrave Bros began manufacturing in Belfast in the 1840’s and had ...
Category

Irish Country Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Iron, Stainless Steel

Chinese 19 th C Workshop-Scaled model with 17 polychromed figures.World exhibit
Located in Leuven , BE
The Diorama was in a private collection for more than 20 years and is said to have been exposed at the China Exposition 1902 in Copenhagen.This group of Chinese polychromed-decorate...
Category

Chinese Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Terracotta

8 Volumes. Charles C.F. Greville, The Greville Memoirs.
Located in New York, NY
8 Volumes. Charles C.F. Greville, The Greville Memoirs. Bound by Bayntun in full navy morocco with the covers displaying gilt and open-tooling. The spines display raised bands, borde...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

19th Century English Regency Mahogany Leather Top Writing Desk
Located in Charleston, SC
19th Century English Regency Mahogany Leather Top Writing Desk. There is a small blemish in the leather as shown in the pictures.
Category

English Regency Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Brass

Antique Map of Kentucky and Tennessee by Johnson, 1872
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Johnson's Kentucky (..)'. Original map of Kentucky and Tennessee. This map originates from 'Johnson's New Illustrated Family Atlas ...
Category

Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Paper

Chinese Stone Trough, c. 1800
Located in Chicago, IL
Once used on a provincial Chinese farm to hold water or animal feed, this early 19th-century stone trough is celebrated today for its organic form and rustic authenticity. Hand-carve...
Category

Chinese Qing Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Limestone

2 Volumes. Colonel Wilson, Picturesque Palestine, Sinai & Egypt.
Located in New York, NY
2 Volumes. Colonel Wilson, Picturesque Palestine, Sinai & Egypt. Bound in 3/4 brown morocco and linen boards with gilt-tooled borders and title lettering. The spines display raised b...
Category

American Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

19th Century Large Cast Iron Garden Urn Aesthetic Movement
Located in Port Jervis, NY
Spectacular cast iron Victorian Aesthetic Movement Garden Urn. In excellent antique condition with tons of patina, and no breaks or bad repairs. Amazing pair of handles all original ...
Category

Aesthetic Movement Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Iron

2 Volumes. Samuel Rogers, The Writings.
Located in New York, NY
2 Volumes. Samuel Rogers, The Writings. Bound by Zaehnsdorf in full navy calf with the covers displaying a double border with floral corner flourishes, both gilt-tooled. The spines d...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

1 Volume. Walton & Cotton, The Complete Angler.
Located in New York, NY
1 Volume. Walton & Cotton, The Complete Angler. Bound by Bayntun in 3/4 tn calf and marbled boards. The Spine displays raised bands, figurine panel details, bordering, and label lett...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

Antique Paddle Arm British Colonial Plantation Lounge Chair
Located in Peabody, MA
An original antique Anglo-Indian long paddle arm plantation lounge chair in solid teak circa late 19th century. Retains its underarm extensions for reclining with legs up. Depth ...
Category

Unknown Anglo-Indian Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Cane, Teak

1 Volume. James Walter, Memorials of Washington.
Located in New York, NY
1 Volume. James Walter, Memorials of Washington. Edition de Luxe. Bound in 3/4 green morocco and linen boards with a gilt-tooled crest on the cover. The spines display gilt-tooled le...
Category

American Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

Chinese Export Silver Ship Centerpiece
Located in New Orleans, LA
This delightful and exceptionally rare steamboat centerpiece exemplifies the remarkable artistry of Chinese export silver. Chinese silver pieces are renowned for their exceptional qu...
Category

Asian Chinese Export Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Silver

2 Volumes. Madame Campan, The Memoirs of the Court of Marie Antoinette.
Located in New York, NY
2 Volumes. Madame Campan, The Memoirs of the Court of Marie Antoinette. Limited Edition. Bound in 3/4 blue morocco and linen boards double bordered in gilt-tooling. The spines displa...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

Antique Original Paint Rustic 2-Door Cupboard from Ireland Fabulous Patina
Located in Chicago, IL
Wonderful “Shabby Chic” rustic antique 2-door small cupboard, still wearing its Original Painted Finish from the 1800s. The Small Painted Cupboard...
Category

Irish Rustic Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Iron

Antique English Victorian Brass Desk Bell, Circa 1880's.
Located in New Orleans, LA
Antique English Victorian Brass Desk Bell, Circa 1880's.
Category

English Victorian Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Brass

Antique Cupboard from Ireland Great Patina Unrestored Original Paint, C1800's
Located in Chicago, IL
The Antique Cupboard that was removed from a home we believe may have been in Scotland. The Antique Cabinet, or Cupboard was located in Ireland, but upon cleaning out the Antique Painted Cupboard, we found receipts from the Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland dated 1967. Certainly not definitive, however, the cabinet is absolutely from the British Isles and more than that, is the fact that no one has attempted to restore, or worse yet, refinish the cupboard. The Patina of Old Original Paint is quite impressive and I only wish we could duplicate it. This Painted Antique Cupboard...
Category

British Country Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Wood, Pine, Paint

Antique French Store Counter Repurposed into a Kitchen Island From The Provence
Located in Chicago, IL
Antique French Store Counter Repurposed by our Old Plank Artisans into a Country French Style Kitchen Island. The Antique White French Oak...
Category

French Country Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Oak

Industrial 98 Drawer Revolving Hardware Cabinet
By National Store Fixture Co.
Located in Garnerville, NY
Circa Late Victorian era 98 drawer revolving hardware store cabinet. The spinning octagonal top holds 80 wedge shaped drawers with white porcela...
Category

American Industrial Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Steel

Tall Bleached White Wash Painted Walnut Marble-Top French Sideboard Console
Located in Rockaway, NJ
French circa 19th century white paint wash marble-top sideboard console. Standing 36" tall on elegant legs connected with beautifully carved stretcher. The sideboard has three d...
Category

French Louis XV Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Marble

Important Late 19th Century Gilt and Patinated Bronze Mantel Clock
Located in New York, NY
A large and important late 19th century gilt and patinated bronze, French champlevé cloisonné enamel and wood mantel clock. The top figure is of Nike of Samothrace...
Category

French Belle Époque Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Bronze, Enamel

Painted Chinese Red Lacquer Wedding Cabinet, c. 1850
Located in Chicago, IL
Crafted in the mid-19th century, this tall cabinet has a clean-lined form, designed with straight sides, square corners and minimal carvings. The cabinet front is cloaked in a bright...
Category

Chinese Qing Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Wood, Lacquer, Paint

1 Volume, Edward Fitzgerald, Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám
Located in New York, NY
1 Volume. Edward Fitzgerald, Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Bound in full brown morocco with the cover displaying floral gilt-tooled detailing with red inlay. The spines display raised ba...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

10 Volumes, Samuel R. Gardiner, History of England
Located in New York, NY
10 Volumes. Samuel R. Gardiner, History of England. Bound in full brown calf with the covers displaying borders, floral corner flourishes, and a central crest, all gilt-tooled. The s...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

3 Volumes. G.N. Wright, The People's Gallery of Engravings.
Located in New York, NY
3 Volumes. G.N. Wright, The People's Gallery of Engravings. Bound by John Mylrea in 3/4 red calf and marbled boards bordered in floral open-tooling. The spines display a black morocc...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

Japanese Lacquer Tray
Located in New Orleans, LA
Hailing from illustrious Meiji-period Japan, this lacquer tray showcases the mastery of Japanese craftsmen. Precious materials are precisely inlaid in the lacquer base, creating an a...
Category

Japanese Meiji Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Silver

Antique English Green Leather Library Armchair on Castors, 19th Century
Located in Ely, GB
A Good Quality Antique English Mahogany & Green Leather Library / Desk Chair on Brass Castors, circa 19th Century. The chair is super comfortable and the leather upholstery is in ve...
Category

British Victorian Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather, Mahogany

2 Volumes, Edward Fitzgerald, Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám
Located in New York, NY
2 Volumes. Edward Fitzgerald, Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. First Edition. Bound by Pagnant in full brown morocco with the covers displaying ornate bordering and central floral gilt-tool...
Category

English Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Leather

Antique Baccarat Ruby Red and Clear Crystal 8 Light Chandelier & 3 wall lights
Located in London, GB
Antique Baccarat Ruby red and clear crystal 8 -light chandelier attributed to Baccarat with original hurricane shades. All decorated in an exquisite flor...
Category

French Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Crystal, Rock Crystal

Antique Biedermeier Style Mirror
Located in Dallas, TX
Handsome 19th century Biedermeier style mirror. Featuring a gorgeous wood finish and clean lines. Great for a variety of decors. Lovely!
Category

German Biedermeier Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Wood

Antique Welsh Primitive Shop Counter
Located in Calgary, Alberta
Antique unadorned Welsh rustic oak shop counter with pine top. It has 2 shelves to the back. Wonderful in a cottage kitchen.
Category

British Primitive Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Oak, Pine

19th Century Jules Moigniex Sculpture of Patridge Family in Polished Bronze
Located in Essex, MA
Antique French bronze sculpture of a partridge family by Jules Moigniez, 19th century. Exquisitely chiseled and cast, as is almost always the case wit...
Category

French Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Bronze

Victorian Mahogany Window Seat Hall Bench
Located in Bedfordshire, GB
A very good quality, mid 19th century, Victorian Period Mahogany window seat hall bench, of unusually large proportions, having superbly figured...
Category

English Victorian Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Mahogany

19th Century Georgian Bleached Pine Breakfront Bookcase
Located in Essex, MA
Wonderfully presented Georgian bleached pine breakfront bookcase. George II carved egg and dart in upper and middle moldings. Raw pine and finish may be original with cleaning over t...
Category

English Georgian Antique 19th Century Furniture

Materials

Pine

Selection of eight restored 19th C Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Windows
Located in Leuven , BE
The Color Experience: Stained-glass windows “Color is a power which directly influences the soul” (Wassili Kandinsky, Moskou 1866 – Neuilly-sur-Seine, 1944) “Color! What a deep and mysterious language, the language of dreams!” (« La couleur ! Quelle langue profonde et mystérieuse, le langage des rêves », Paul Gauguin, Paris, 1848-Fatu-Hiva, 1903) ‘Color and feeling’, ‘color and meaning’, these are concepts that have gone together since time immemorial. Artists and craftsmen have a special bond with color. After all, it is a means of expression that can have a real reinforcing effect. Especially linking color with light offers unlimited possibilities. Glaziers and glass painters have tried to master both these ‘instruments’ for centuries. The set of beautifully restored neo-Gothic windows in our collection are enough reason for us to let these works of art figure in a broader story. As a bonus, we would like to introduce you to the contemporary stained-glass artist and stained-glass restorer, Daniël Theys. whose workshop is in Sint-Pieters-Rode (Belgium). He talked to us about the materials and techniques he used for the restoration of our set of neo-Gothic stained-glass windows. A fascinating look at the tricks of the trade from a specialist! A bird’s eye view of the history of the European stained-glass window. Although the Romans already used translucent glass plates to cover wall openings, the stained-glass window reached its peak in Europe between 1150 and 1500. A period also known as the era of the cathedrals. At that time, stained-glass windows became more than just a way to let in the light, and to keep the space closed off. From now on, their functionality was also found in their didactic value. The biblical and saints’ stories that adorned the stained-glass windows became a kind of poor man’s bible. They brought, as it were, the knowledge of the holy scriptures in an understandable, pictorial way. At the same time, the colored light provided additional symbolism. The invading light was interpreted as a manifestation of God. It is also no coincidence that the main altar was bathed in light. It was the place where the most important sacrament was celebrated, that of the Eucharist. How were these magical colors obtained? Well, during the 12th and 13th centuries, metal oxides gave color to the glass. Copper, for example, produced different colors in the various stages of oxidation. The metal could color the glass light blue, green and even red. It should be noted that from the 13th century onwards, clear glass, which was cheaper and at the same time allowed more light into the buildings, was used more often. A century later, in the years 1400 to 1500, glass painters frequently painted onto the glass with a ‘stain’ of silver chloride or sulfide. The painted piece of glass was heat-treated in a furnace. The heating process ensured that the silver ions migrated into the glass and became suspended within the glass network. The stain gave colors ranging from a pale yellow to a rather deep red. This new technique allowed glaziers to get more than one color on a single glass fragment. The shades produced by painting in silver chloride were well suited for depicting golden crowns, scepters and other gilded objects and ornaments. But the most important advantage of the technique was the fact that the glass painter could now make transitions from yellow tones to white without having to apply separations with lead strips! This also improved the legibility of the pictured scene. You can imagine that the labor-intensive process of the production of stained-glass windows was a very costly affair and therefore it was often patrons who donated them to a church or a chapel. The benefactors were usually eager to propagate their social status and were moved by concern for their salvation. In the 16th century, stained-glass windows also began to appear in secular buildings such as town halls, the homes of the wealthy and commercial premises such as inns. It is striking that during this period the use of lead strips that border many parts of the image was further reduced in favor of real painting on stained glass. This was due to an increasing love of detail. For example, one wanted realistically painted portrait heads. Working with enamel paints was cumbersome. Each newly applied color had to be burned into the glass before another color or overpainting could be applied. It was not only the coloring of the glass that was complicated, the process of obtaining flat glass plates required many steps as well. The glazier blew a glass bulb with a blowpipe and then cut it open. Finally, each half of the sphere was turned around so fast that it became a disc. In later periods, the glazier blew out his glass bulb into a cylinder. Once the cylinder had cooled, its closed ends were removed, and the long sides were cut open. The pieces of glass obtained were then heated and flattened. During the 16th century, there was a division of labor between the stained-glass designer, the glazier, and the glass painter. It happened as well that the stained-glass artist used prints as models for his stained-glass windows. Whoever drew the design, the glazier always needed a model on the right scale, the so-called cartoon. On the cartoon, the lead strips were clearly marked, and the use of colors was indicated. Contracts at the time show that the price of stained-glass windows was calculated per square foot. The price per square foot included the labor and material costs. The price of the cartoon was not included. In the 17th century, the work of glass painters remained important. At the same time, there was a growing popularity of stained-glass windows with heraldic themes. In the Low Countries there were several high-quality glass painters active. During the 18th century, glass painting went downhill in our regions. The French occupation of the Southern Netherlands resulted in the destruction and sale of religious stained-glass windows. It was only around the middle of the 19th century that the young Belgian state experienced a revival of stained glass. The renewed interest in the Middle Ages, the so-called ‘gothic revival’, caused a wave of restoration of old stained-glass windows of churches and orders for neo-gothic stained-glass windows. The Sint-Lucas art schools in Belgium played an important role in this. Industrial developments in the glass and steel industries naturally had an important hand in the popularity of stained-glass windows. Stained-glass had a wide range of uses; think of stained glasses in winter gardens, domes, windows, and doors of large mansions. Significant glazier’ studios arose in several larger Belgian cities. In Brussels, for example, you had the workshops of Capronnier and Colpaert, in Bruges the studios of Coucke and Dobbelaere, in Ghent the companies of Ganton-Defoin or Ladon. During the 19th century, glaziers followed the style developments in the visual arts. For example, the number of windows in Art Nouveau and Art Deco style is large. The restored stained-glass windows with male and female saints that we offer for sale, come from a building in Laeken, near Brussels. They probably decorated the space of a church, chapel, convent, or Catholic school. In the results of the interview with glass restorer Daniël Theys, you will learn more about the particularities of these splendid windows. Chatting and browsing in the workshop of Daniël Theys The Belgian Glass restorer and glass blower, Daniël Theys (), made a career switch at a later age and has been active in the profession since 1987. He is an important player in the field of stained-glass window art in Belgium. Moreover, he is the only one in the country who still masters the technique of glass etching. Daniël Theys receives many commissions from small parish churches to restore old stained-glass windows to their former glory. He made a name for himself in that niche and that is how Spectandum brought the set of 19th century stained glass windows to his workshop for reconstruction. They were delivered in old numbered wooden crates and Daniel had to start puzzling. Numbered wooden crates with sections of the stained-glass windows Normally a glazier starts working from a drawing with a scale of 1:1 (full size drawing), but in this case each piece had to be cataloged and photographed. The smaller pieces were grouped on the light box and photographed in their entirety. Then Daniël made a drawing of the remaining pieces that he had puzzled together with great care. Smaller pieces identified and grouped on the light box The restauration guidelines of the Agency for Monuments and Landscapes are not always the same as those of a restorer. For this reconstruction, Daniël primarily considered the purpose of the stained-glass windows. It had to be an aesthetic and salable set of stained-glass windows, so the choice of filling the gaps with neutral glass or epoxy was not really an option. Theys left well-executed previous restorations untouched. The windows may have been repaired three or four times in the past. Piece of a cloak with glass shards from different periods (restorations) Another problem Daniel faced during the restoration was the fact that some small parts of the old grisaille had been eaten away by microorganisms. The defect – caused by moisture – can be seen from the discoloration of the grisaille. The black-brown color is turned red. This fragment shows well how the brown grisaille has turned red due to the attack of micro-organisms The stained-glass windows of the 19th century are made of ‘in the mass-colored’ glass. This means that the colors were added to the liquid glass during its production process. This type of glass differs from glass colored with enamel paint, which became popular from the interwar period. The latter process involves applying enamel paint (this is a glass powder with a metal oxide to which a medium has been added) to the colorless glass. When firing the glass with the enamel paint, the powder fuses with the glass. The colors of email painted glass are less intense and less brilliant than those of ‘in the mass-colored glass’. Jars with colored powder for the enamel paints For the restoration Daniël only worked with mouth-blown glass, both with ‘in the mass-colored glass’ and with ‘verre plaqué’. This is blown glass composed of several layers of different shades. Over the years, Theys built up a large stock of old blown glass. Colored blown glass always has sliding shades. For example, a red piece of glass can have a color transition from bright red to light orange. These differences in shades are the result of the different thicknesses of the piece of glass. It allows the glazier to use a wide variety of shades. The purple-red foliage with light blue accents was obtained by etching away parts of a piece ‘verre plaqué’. A small part of the lower glass layer is exposed. The windows were completely re-leaded by the restorer because there was virtually no ‘lead net’ preserved. In general, lead strips only have a limited lifespan because of oxidation processes. Daniël removed the old lead remnants and placed new lead profiles. Then he applied putty between the glass fragments and the lead strips to seal the lead. A window must be made watertight. The current condition of the windows is excellent. Decorative glass part with original lead remnants New lead strip The set of stained-glass windows we present today, originally consisted of windows of 5 to 6 m high. After all, they originally adorned a neo-gothic church. Since the original dimensions are not suitable for private buildings, it was decided to only restore the figurative representation. The original spire of one of the windows Thanks to a suspension eye, the window can be hung. There is also the possibility to place the window in an upright position. Thanks to the craftsmanship of the Theys-Studio, we can once again enjoy the brilliance of color! Looking for the missing link The set of 19th-century stained-glass windows came into the possession of Spectandum without a clear provenance. The renowned Leuven antiques dealer, Cornelius Engelen, recalls that the windows came from a church in Laeken. There is no solid starting point for a search for the provenance. Based on the style of the stained-glass windows – most probably the late 19th century -, their religious iconography, and their original shape (pointed arch windows) and dimensions (5 to 6 cm high), we can assume that they were once displayed in a (neo-)gothic cult building. On the one hand, the stained-glass windows may have been removed after storm damage or other calamities, on the other they may have been taken away during a renovation or a demolition of a church. The Church of Our Lady in Laeken is the most famous church building in that municipality that could qualify. In the early 1920s, the central windows of the transept were badly damaged by a hurricane. Today, glass fragments of these windows (dating from 1893-1894) with the names of the sixteen missing saints and an arch infill of the western window are officially known. It would be interesting to find out if our set of eight saints once were part of the transept of Our Lady in Laeken. Research in the records of the church administrators could provide clarification. Knowing that most neo-gothic stained-glass windows from the Church of Our Lady come from the Jules Dobbelaere’s glass studio in Bruges, it is useful to consult that company’s archive as well. It is kept in the KADOC (Documentation and research center for religion, culture and; in Leuven. Of course, the sizes and shape of the stone window openings of the transept can also provide an indication. If we stylistically compare the grisailles of the set of stained-glass windows with the work of Jules Dobbelaere, we do see some relationship. Especially with a stained-glass window in the chapel of Our Lady of the Saint Anthony Church in Aalst. Another line of research that we could follow, is that of the iconography of the series. One of the saints depicted is Saint Roch. There once was a Saint-Roch church in Laeken with 19th-century stained-glass windows from the Brussels studio of Jean-Baptiste Capronnier. The company archive of the glaziers François and Jean-Baptiste Capronnier is owned by the Flemish government and can be consulted in the above-mentioned KADOC. We already searched the sales catalog of 1892, in which Capronnier’s drawings and cartoons are described one by one. The saints that are represented in our set of windows, does not correspond with the names of the saints mentioned for the church of St. Roch in Laeken. Building on this argument, it can be concluded that the eight saints were not destined for this house of worship. In the absence of lavishly illustrated monographs on the various glazier-companies in Belgium, the execution of a comparative study of the stained-glass windows is time-consuming and complex. Although a limited number of old photos of stained-glass windows can still be found in the database ‘Balat’ of the KIK-IRPA (), this remains far too limited to get a good picture of the output of the various companies. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with Saint Martin, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Most people know Saint Martin (Szombathely, ca. 316 – Candes, 397) as the Roman Tribune who cut his cloak in two with his sword and gave one half to a beggar. The artist of the stained-glass window has opted for a different, less common iconographic representation here. Saint Martin is presented as a bishop with a miter and staff. According to a legend, Martin was lured to the city of Tours with a trick to consecrate him as a bishop. He refused the ecclesiastical office and hid in a barn with some geese. The birds betrayed him with their twittering. In the end Martin received his episcopal consecration. The goose at the feet of the saint clearly refers to this event. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. Angela, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Angela de Merici was an Italian woman who taught young women religion, health care, and household skills. She founded the monastic community of the Ursulines. They played an important social role as founders of schools and orphanages. Saint Angela died in Brescia in 1540. It should therefore come as no surprise that the saint on the stained-glass-window is depicted with a girl by her side. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with Charles Borromeo, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Charles Borromeo (Milan, 1538-1584) grew up in a noble family. He was already made Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan at the age of 24. With his writings he contributed to the implementation of the Church reforms determined at the Council of Trent. Among other things, he released a new catechism. With his book on the design of church buildings, “Instructiones Fabriacae et Supellectilis Ecclesiasticae”, he left a mark on Baroque church construction. At the outbreak of the plague in his diocese in 1576, he devoted himself to the care of those affected. Hence, people sometimes pray to him when they have been hit by a serious illness. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. Roch, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Saint Roch (Montpellier, 1295? /1350? -1327? /1380?) was born with a port-wine stain in the shape of a cross on his left hip. It was interpreted as a sign from God. After the dead of his parents, he gave his money to the poor and went on to live the life of pilgrim. He cared for plague sufferers and healed some of them by making a sign of the cross. He is especially invoked as protector against the plague. 19th C, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. Bernard of Clairvaux, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Bernard of Clairvaux (Fontaines, 1090-Clairvaux, 1153) decided to become a monk at the age of 21. In 1112 he entered in the monastery of Cîtaux. He was soon commissioned by the abbot to find a new monastery in Clairvaux. Because of his intellectual capacities and eloquence, he was consulted by various ecclesiastical and secular leaders. He ensured the expansion of the Cistercian order throughout Europe. As a Doctor of the Church, he wrote many tracts and sermons and established a new rule for the Templars. Above all, he was concerned with the discipline of the clergy. Therefore, he wrote a spiritual manual for the priests and bishops. Saint Bernard can be seen as a true mystic. He envisioned the union of the human soul with God as the most important goal in life. According to a legend, Bernard once had a vision in which the Blessed Virgin appeared to him and strengthened him with her mother’s milk. In the arts, the saint is mainly depicted with an abbot’s staff and a book with the Cistercian rule. His vision was also often portrayed. 19th C, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. John Berchmans, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm The Belgian Jan Berchmans (Diest, 1599-Rome, 1621) was the eldest of five children. When his mother became seriously ill, he initially took care of her, but at the age of nine he was housed with the town’s priest. After a few years he moved to Mechelen to become the servant of a canon. It also gave him the opportunity to begin his studies in the seminary for priests. He eventually joined the Jesuits of Mechelen. He got their permission to study philosophy in Rome. In the Eternal City, he visited working-class neighbourhoods to teach the children about God. He died of an illness at the age of 22. Saint Jan Berchmans is the patron saint of school children and students. 19th C, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with Saint Clare...
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