Name: Engedi, The Convent of St. Saba
Brand: David Roberts
Price: 3800 USD

Engedi, The Convent of St. Saba

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About the Item

Original hand-colored lithograph by David Roberts (1796 – 1864) published by F.G. Moon, 1842. Engedi derives its name from a town in the wilderness of Judah on the western shore of the Dead Sea at the fountain of Ain Jidy. The Convent of St. Saba also referred to as The Holy Lavra of Saint Sabbas the Sanctified, known in Arabic as Mar Saba (Arabic: دير مار سابا‎; Hebrew: מנזר מר סבא‎; Greek: Ἱερὰ Λαύρα τοῦ Ὁσίου Σάββα τοῦ Ἡγιασμένου; Romanian: Sfântul Sava), is an Eastern Orthodox Christian monastery overlooking the Kidron Valley at a point halfway between the Old City of Jerusalem and the Dead Sea, within the Bethlehem Governorate of the West Bank. The traditional date for the founding of the monastery by Sabbas the Sanctified of Mutalaska, Cappadocia is the year 483. Today the complex houses around 20 monks. It is considered to be one of the oldest inhabited monasteries in the world and still maintains many of its ancient traditions. One in particular is the restriction on women entering the main compound. The only building that women can enter is the Women's Tower near the main entrance. The monastery holds the relics of Saint Sabbas. Mar Saba is occasionally referred to as the Convent or Monastery of Santa Sabba. Mar Saba was also the home of St. John of Damascus (676 - 749), a key religious figure in the Iconoclastic Controversy, who, around 726, wrote letters to the Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian refuting his edicts prohibiting the veneration of icons (images of Christ or other Christian religious figures). John worked as a high financial officer to the Muslim Caliph Abd al-Malik; he eventually felt a higher calling and migrated to the Judaean desert, where he was tonsured a monk and was ordained a hieromonk (monastic priest) at the Monastery of Mar Saba. St. John's tomb lies in a cave under the monastery. The monastery is important in the historical development of the liturgy of the Orthodox Church in that the monastic Typicon (manner of celebrating worship services) of Saint Sabbas became the standard throughout the Eastern Orthodox Church and those "Uniate" or Eastern Catholic Churches under the Roman pope which follow the Byzantine Rite. The Typicon took the standard form of services which were celebrated in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem and added some specifically monastic usages which were local traditions at Saint Sabbas. From there it spread to Constantinople, and thence throughout the Byzantine world. Although this Typicon has undergone further evolution, particularly at the Monastery of the Stoudion in Constantinople, it is still referred to as the Typicon of Saint Sabas. A tradition states that this monastery will host the last Divine Liturgy on earth before the parousia of Jesus Christ, therefore the last pillar of true Christianity. Mar Saba is where Morton Smith found a copy of a letter ascribed to Clement of Alexandria containing excerpts of a so-called Secret Gospel of Mark and was for several centuries home to the Archimedes Palimpsest. Sabbas' relics were seized by Latin crusaders in the 12th century and remained in Italy until Pope Paul VI returned them to the monastery in 1965 as a gesture of repentance and good will towards Orthodox Christians. In 1971 the Ein Gedi nature reserve was formed and is considered one of the most important reserves in Israel. The elevation of the land ranges from the level of the Dead Sea at 423 meters below sea level to the plateau of the Judean Desert at 200 meters above sea level, includes two spring-fed streams with flowing water year-round (Nahal David and Nahal Arugot). Two other springs, the Shulamit and Ein Gedi Springs, also flow in the reserve. Together the springs generate approximately three million cubic meters of water per year, much of which is used for agriculture or bottled for consumption. David Roberts, considered one of the great architectural artists of his time, was born at Stockbridge near Edinburgh and at the age of ten, apprenticed to Gavin Buego, a house painter. Following his apprenticeship, Roberts did faux stone work and paneling at Scone Palace and Abercairney Abbey. In 1818, Roberts worked as as assistant scene painter in theatres in Edinburgh, Glasgow and the Drury Lane Theatre in London. Throughout the 1820s, he exhibited at the Society of British Artists and the Royal Academy. By 1830, Roberts was firmly established as a topographical artist. He then was able to give up his theatre work and travel, toruing the continent, Scotland and Spain. In 1839, he departed for Alexandria and spent the remaining part of the year in Cairo, visiting numerous tombs and other sites. The following year he crossed the desert to get to the Holy Land by way of Suez, Mount Sinai, Petra and Gaza. He went on to Jerusalem, spending several months visiting key biblical sites and returned to England at the end of 1839. Roberts' works were published in London as lithographs by Louis Haghe (1806 – 1885), himself a lithographer and watercolor artist, in 41 parts over seven years, 1842 – 1849. This became one of Haghe's most ambitious and successful projects and confirmed Roberts as one of England's great architectural and landscape artists. Image size: 15.25 x 20.25 inches Matted in a 3.25 inch-wide, acid-free ivory mat. Full size: 21.5 x 27.0 inches.

Creator:
David Roberts (1796-1864, British)
Creation Year:
1842
Dimensions:
Height: 15.25 in (38.74 cm)Width: 20.25 in (51.44 cm)
Medium:
Lithograph
Movement & Style:
Realist
Period:
1840-1849
Condition:
Gallery Location:
New York, NY
Reference Number:
1stDibs: LU5182359913

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