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French Empire Ormulu Bronze Mantel Clock, Lepaute, Thomire, Paris, circa 1815

About the Item

Ormulu pendule with depiction of friendship and love Paris (Lepaute, Thomire) fire-gilt bronze Empire around 1815 Dimensions: H x W x D: 44 x 36 x 13 cm French pendulum movement with eight days duration. Thread suspension and lock disc striking movement with strike on bell on the half and full hour. White enamel dial with Roman hour numerals and Breguet hands. Signature: LePaute & Fils / Hrl. du Roi (Pierre-Basile Lepaute (1750 - 1843) with his son Pierre-Michel Lepaute (1785-1849); from 1811 in joint workshop). Description: The extremely high quality pendulum shown here takes up a profound theme: Friendship, which combines with love and can thereby outlast time and death. As it is typical for the epoch of classicism, personifications and symbols are taken from the fund of ancient mythology and art and then developed further. The main figure is a young woman in an antique, girded garment, standing barefoot and with crossed legs next to an altar, on which she is leaning with her left elbow. She gracefully bows her head towards a tempestuously approaching Cupid, grasps his right hand with her left and draws him to her bosom, the seat of the heart. The delicate ambivalence of flying towards and being held culminates in the trustingly intimate look that the two cast at each other. The young woman personifies friendship, the winged Cupid love. As a sign of their intimate connection, two burning hearts appear on the altar next to the two, framed by the puffed scarf, which are closely bound together by a chain of flowers. Next to them, on the altar slab, one can see an erected book with the title "Amitie" (French: amitie, friendship). Supporting the book is a pomegranate held by a ring of pomegranate flowers. The bursting seeds spill out of the cracked skin. Since ancient times, the pomegranate and its blossoms have been dedicated to the goddess Persephone, symbolizing the underworld and death, but also life and fertility. The myrtle interwoven in the pomegranate flower wreath of "friendship" also has a far-reaching symbolic power: the plant was dedicated to the goddess Aphrodite, stands for virginity, and was and is therefore obligatory in the bridal wreath. Above all, it means love and fidelity beyond death. The dimension of infinity is also indicated by the inscription "HIVER, ETE" at the top of the young woman's headband. "Winters as well as summers" the friendship lasts, thus also beyond death. This is also indicated by the figure of Chronos in the relief field below the dial. The god of time is depicted in accordance with the ancient language of forms as an old, but muscular-athletic man with a strong beard and powerful wings - time "flies". In his left hand he holds a large scythe with which he cuts off all life. Unusually, however, he also clutches a bow with quiver and arrows in his right arm. As he strides hastily to the right, he looks cautiously to the left, as if he thought he was being followed. In fact, he would have every reason to do so, for the bow and arrow originally belong to Cupid, the god of love. They are his weapons feared by men and gods. For with the burning arrows of love he strikes the hearts of men and injures them severely. This kind of love wounds the heart, it combines passion with desire, sexuality, jealousy, pain, loss. A Cupid deprived of these weapons would be the one, ideal love that overcomes physicality and transience. This is exactly the kind of love we see here in the form of the now disarmed Cupid flying to the heart of friendship to join it. For French art, the theme of the transformation of passionate love into loyal soul friendship is directly and exemplarily connected in the figure of Madame de Pompadour (1721 - 1764), who was the official mistress of the French king Louis XV for over 20 years and also one of the cleverest and most powerful women of her time. But in 1750, the love relationship with the king is transformed into a friendship relationship. In accordance with the necessary legitimization of this change of role before court and society, she commissioned the most important artists to create allegorical sculptures. Thus, in 1758, Jean-Baptiste Pigalle created the marble group "Love embraces friendship", which can be seen as a direct model for the bronze of the pendulum shown here, especially the intimate connecting gaze of the two, but also the flowers and the vine-covered elm trunk (left and right above the dial). But not only the imagery and composition of the bronze group are outstanding. Both the fineness of the casting and the original fire gilding and varied chasing show the highest quality. This is particularly evident in the bas-relief of Chronos: here the background is chiseled in a granular manner, while the wings reveal each individual feather. The body is chiseled in such a way that the surface accentuates the shimmering parts of the muscles, making it look exceedingly three-dimensional. As a literal highlight, individual areas, such as the edges of the fluttering cape, are highly polished and brilliantly reflect the light. The quality of this bas-relief, which stands out only slightly from the surface and yet produces an astonishing plasticity, represents a high level of sculpture. Although the bronze is not signed - like almost all pendulums of this period - the composition and the quality of the figures, the bronze work, the gilding and the chasing allow to consider for this Pierre-Philippe Thomire (1751 - 1843). The most important broncier of the Empire is proved to have worked more often with the Horloges Lepaute (Lit. Augarde, pp. 352-354). A particular quality feature of the artwork is the integration of the original movement with the white enamel dial into the iconography of the bronze. It embodies sensually real through the hour indications and hands, but also through its ticking, the unstoppable progress of time. This progression is physically pictured by the dynamic chronos of the bas-relief below. In contrast, the dead elm tree with the vividly entwining vine leaves remind us of the constancy within the passage of time. Overall, this bronze pendulum with its thoughtful and finely executed composition is a perfect symbol of an ideal, loving friendship that transcends all time. Fun Facts: The Horloges of the Lepaute family form their own dynasty in Paris with outstanding workshops. They have held the honorable title of "Horloger du Roi" (Watchmaker to the King) since 1751, the reign of the French King Louis XV. This continued under Louis XVI and, after the end of the Bourbon kings with the Revolution of 1789, under Emperor Napoleon I (1805 - 1814). Pierre Basile Lepaute and his son Pierre Michel now receive the title of "Horloger de l'Empereur" (Watchmaker to the Emperor). Even after the end of the Napoleonic Empire, they kept their privileged position in the following period of the Restoration, when the Bourbon kings were enthroned again: in 1814, they became "Horloger du Roi" for the Bourbons Louis XVIII (1814 - 1824) and and Charles X (1824 - 1830). Throughout their creative period, the watchmakers of the Lepaute family were commissioned with works not only by the royal court, but by the entire high aristocracy. Following the high demands of their clients, they collaborated with the most important sculptors and bronciers, among others P.-P. Thomire, R. Osmont, F. Vion and Clodion. Accordingly, their pendulums can be found in the most important castles, collections and museums of the world. Condition: Excellent condition of the movement as well as the original fire gilding. The price includes an expertise written and signed by Dr. Elke Niehüser. Most of the above description is taken from this comprehensive expertise. Comparable objects can be found in the following literature: Jean-Dominique Augarde - Les Ouvries du Temps p.351-353 H. Ottomeyer / P. Pröschel - Gilded bronzes p. 343-346 Elke Niehüser - The French Bronze Clock Tardy - Dictionaire des Horlogers Francais p. 384 Gravelot / Cochin - Iconologie par Figures (23) AMITIÉ.
  • Dimensions:
    Height: 17.33 in (44 cm)Width: 14.18 in (36 cm)Depth: 5.12 in (13 cm)
  • Style:
    Empire (Of the Period)
  • Materials and Techniques:
  • Place of Origin:
  • Period:
  • Date of Manufacture:
    1815
  • Condition:
    Wear consistent with age and use. Excellent condition of the movement as well as the original fire gilding.
  • Seller Location:
    Greven, DE
  • Reference Number:
    1stDibs: LU5419228058572
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