17th Century, Italian Painting with Battle Between Christian and Turkish Cavalry

Marzio Masturzo, attributed (Active in Italy - in Naples and Rome- in the second half of the 17th century) "Battle between cavalry and vessels with fortified city on the left" ...

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17th century, oil on canvas Dutch painting with hunting scene Oil on canvas. Dimensions: frame W 81 x H 75 cm, canvas 58 x 49 cm The oil on canvas painting depicts a hunting scene in a predominantly rocky landscape. On the right, at the center of the canvas is depicted a group of characters dressed for hunting according to the 17th century fashion of northern Europe. The men stop with their horses and dogs; one of them points downstream, while another one sounds a Horn, used as a call sign in hunting trips. In the foreground on the left another character sits on the ground, turning his back on the observer, in the company of two hunting dogs. The scene takes place in the open air, in a rocky context and the landscape widens towards a valley, beyond which the horizon is lost among mountain reliefs with blue tones. The bright sky is characterized by some clear clouds. The color palette of the canvas is characterized by brown tones; a ray of light that emphasizes the right group, where it stands out illuminated a dog and the spotted steed on which is rising a man with a red mantel...

Antonio Calza (Italy, Verona, 1653-18th April 1725) "Battle between Christian and Turkish cavalry with castle" The painting depicts a bloody battle between Christian and Turkish cavalry. Characterized by dynamism, intensity of color and light, the main scene occupies the lower horizontal section of the canvas, optically interrupted by the black fumes of the shots from which emerge, on the left, the towers of a fortress. On the right, in the distance you can see the combat in progress in the countryside, beyond which you can see the pale presence of hills that create a fifth, marking the horizon. To frame the scene contributes to the left, against light and in the foreground, a portion of the wall. The painter, however, introduces a horse on the ground, of which we see only the back, a ruse to involve the observer making him become active and participate in the scene. In the foreground, lifeless bodies, wounded horses and, scattered on the ground, weapons and a drum enhance the drama of the clash. The excitement and expressive force, the intense chromatic range attentive to the conditions of light and the fine brushstrokes, decisive and dramatic, suggests the attribution to Antonio Calza, one of the most important painters of battles of the seventeenth century, excellent student and continuator of the greatest interpreter of the genre, Jacques Courtois called il Borgognone (Saint-Hyppolite 1621 - Rome 1676). Il Borgognone, although not having had a real school or direct students, places itself as a primary reference point by the Italian and foreign "battaglisti". The genre of battle painting found great success in the collections of the Italian and European nobility of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The battles of the Italian Renaissance, in which the scene converged towards a precise protagonist, evolve towards a type of combat "without hero". The bloody realism of the details and the dynamic development of the narrative confuse the figure of the protagonist, when present, to give importance to the swirl of horses and armed fighters, among which, moreover, does not emerge a winner. The certain documents relating to the life and movements of Antonio Calza are scarce; it was equally difficult to reconstruct, from the critics, a catalogue of autograph works. Through paintings in private collections, in museums and paintings passed on the antiques market it has been possible to identify a copious corpus of works that can be traced back to his hand. The work of art historians, together with that of antique dealers, in conferring proper attributions in order to best outline the figure of Calza, continues but studies are still in progress. In this sense, the work of Giancarlo Sestieri should certainly be noted, who investigated the artistic production of the battaglisti and Calza, thus allowing the comparison of the numerous photographic works reported, to identify and recognize the stylistic qualities that distinguish the corpus of paintings assigned to him today. Antonio Calza was born in 1653 in Italy, in Verona and in 1664 he entered the school of Carlo Cignani in Bologna, dedicating himself to painting battles and landscapes. He then perfected in Rome, where he knew the works of the then undisputed head of the sector, Jacques Courtois called the Burgundian. In 1675 he returned to Verona and married an 88-year-old widow who, dying, left him a rich inheritance. Much appreciated by the nobility and the bourgeoisie, he received numerous commissions. Bartolomeo Dal Pozzo (Le Vite de' pittori, de gli scultori et architetti veronesi, 1718) praises "three great paintings of battles...

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Important oil on canvas painting depicting Saint Peter in prison being freed by the Angel. The original is kept at the Regional Gallery of Palazzo Abatellis in Palermo. It comes fro...