Skip to main content

Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

to
29
400
372
543
262
231
231
58
42
41
35
21
20
15
10
9
6
6
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
11
6
4
3
1
Sort By
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
Sn4877 Victorian cast iron umbrella stand of pierced and scrolled design with demi lune umbrella
Category

19th Century English Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Antique Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
H 24.803 in W 13.78 in D 7.874 in
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
Sn5195 Aesthetic Movement cast iron umbrella stand / walking stick stand in the manner of
Category

19th Century Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Antique Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
H 27.559 in W 19.291 in D 7.48 in
French Art Nouveau Iron Umbrella Stand with Frogs
Located in Houston, TX
French Art Nouveau iron umbrella stand with frogs. Whimsical French Art Nouveau patinated wrought
Category

1920s European Art Nouveau Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

French Enamel Celedon Green Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Hopewell, NJ
Beautifully shaped French enamel celadon green iron umbrella stand having removable bottom tray.
Category

1920s French French Provincial Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victory Embossed Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Alton, GB
Beautiful cast iron umbrella stand with four pockets to stand umbrellas or cane in. The Piece is
Category

19th Century European Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Antique Victory Embossed Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Victory Embossed Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
H 35.44 in W 17.33 in D 8.67 in
A 19th Century French Cast Iron Umbrella Stand.
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
A 19th Century French Cast Iron Umbrella Stand. 19th Century French Cast Iron Umbrella Stand this
Category

Early 1900s Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Early 20th Century French Cast Iron Umbrella Stand, Enameled
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
French cast iron Umbrella stand. Made of cast iron, enamelled in a green color. With removable
Category

1910s French Belle Époque Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Antique Early 20th Century French Cast Iron Umbrella Stand, Enameled
Early 20th Century French Cast Iron Umbrella Stand, Enameled
Free Shipping
H 26.78 in W 12.21 in D 7.49 in
Late 19th Century English Black Painted Iron Umbrella Stand with Bird
Located in Atlanta, GA
Late 19th Century English Black Painted Iron Umbrella Stand with Bird
Category

19th Century English Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Sought After circa 1880 Vintage Large French Wrought Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Markington, GB
Sought after circa 1880 vintage Large French wrought iron umbrella stand.
Category

Late 19th Century French Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Metal, Wrought Iron

19th Century French Brass and Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Winter Park, FL
A 19th century French brass and cast iron umbrella stand. Demilune form with brass tubing and
Category

Late 19th Century French Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Iron

English Brass And Iron Umbrella Stand. Nice Old Mellow Patina.
Located in Buchanan, MI
An English brass and iron umbrella stand. Nice old mellow patina. Great display for a collection
Category

Late 19th Century English George III Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Iron

Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in New York, NY
Having tiered hooks and a rail to support umbrellas.
Category

Late 19th Century Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Iron Umbrella Stand
Iron Umbrella Stand
H 60 in W 25 in D 10 in
Sought After circa 1910 Edwardian Vintage Large Wrought Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Markington, GB
Sought after circa 1910 Edwardian vintage Large English wrought iron umbrella stand. will be
Category

Early 20th Century British Edwardian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Metal, Wrought Iron

Victorian Painted Iron Umbrella Stand with Dog Stamped "Chase Brothers & Co"
Located in Atlanta, GA
A Victorian painted iron umbrella stand with dog holding a riding crop in his mouth and leaf from
Category

Late 19th Century American Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Brass and Cast Iron Umbrella Stand or Stick Stand
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
Victorian brass and cast iron umbrella stand or stick stand. A charming piece, the stand has a
Category

1880s Art Deco Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass

English 19th Century Curved Top Brass and Iron Umbrella Stand or Stick Stand
Located in Wells, ME
English late 19th century curved top brass and iron umbrella stand or stick stand. This unusual
Category

Late 19th Century English Art Nouveau Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Iron

Arts and Crafts Copper and Iron Umbrella Stand An unusual and attractive piece
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
Arts and Crafts Copper and Iron Umbrella Stand An unusual and attractive piece, the copper
Category

1880s Arts and Crafts Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Copper

Enameled Iron Umbrella Stand Circa 1930 with Frog and Rush Motifs
Located in Atlanta, GA
This American enameled iron umbrella stand from the early part of the 20th century features a
Category

Early 20th Century American Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Falkirk cast iron umbrella stand
Located in Cheshire, GB
Falkirk cast iron umbrella/stick stand, having an architectural top with flower head and foliated
Category

Late 19th Century British Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Falkirk cast iron umbrella stand
Falkirk cast iron umbrella stand
H 31.5 in W 19 in D 10 in
Coalbrookdale cast iron umbrella stand
Located in Cheshire, GB
Cast Iron stick stand, the shaped top with foliating motif above the shaped bar to receive sticks
Category

Late 19th Century British Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Coalbrookdale cast iron umbrella stand
Coalbrookdale cast iron umbrella stand
H 37.5 in W 29.5 in D 10 in
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
J05 stylish Victorian umbrella stand / walking stick stand in the manner of Christopher Dresser
Category

19th Century Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
H 25.197 in W 25.591 in D 12.205 in
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Essex, MA
Depicting a farmer with a bundle of wheat on his back. Titled "The Reaper". Loose inset drip pan.
Category

1880s English Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
H 30 in W 17 in D 10.25 in
English Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
K0386 Attractive Victorian umbrella stand / walking stick stand in cast iron with intricate pierced
Category

19th Century English Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

English Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
English Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
H 26.772 in W 21.654 in D 11.024 in
Art Nouveau Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Alton, GB
Wonderful example of an umbrella stand from the late victorian period. This stand is produced in
Category

19th Century Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Art Nouveau Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Art Nouveau Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
H 22.84 in W 12.21 in D 8.27 in
Antique French Wrought Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Pearland, TX
A lovely early 20th-Century French wrought iron umbrella or stick stand with the original copper
Category

Early 20th Century French Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Copper, Wrought Iron

American Mission Wrought Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in New York, NY
American Mission wrought iron umbrella shaped umbrella stand with round hammered base.
Category

Early 20th Century American Mission Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Wrought Iron

French 1900s Cast Iron Umbrella Stand Depicting a Dog Sitting in Front of a Tree
Located in Atlanta, GA
A French cast iron painted umbrella stand with dog motif from the early 20th century with enameled
Category

Early 20th Century French Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Enamel, Iron

Cast Iron Umbrella Stand With Golf Figure
Located in Oxfordshire, GB
Cast Iron Golf Umbrella Stand. An extremely rare original antique cast iron umbrella or stick stand
Category

1890s British Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Vintage English Brass and Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Chapel Hill, NC
Vintage solid brass English brass and cast iron umbrella or stick stand. Half round construction
Category

1920s English Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Iron

Vintage English Brass and Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Chapel Hill, NC
Vintage solid brass English brass and cast iron umbrella or stick stand. Half round construction
Category

1920s English Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Iron

Vintage English Brass and Cast Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Chapel Hill, NC
Vintage solid brass English brass and cast iron umbrella or stick stand. Half round construction
Category

1920s English Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Iron

Early 20th Century Cast Enameled Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
Beautiful antique umbrella stand. Made of heavy cast iron, enamelled in beautiful green color. The
Category

Early 1900s French Belle Époque Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Early 20th Century Cast Enameled Iron Umbrella Stand
Early 20th Century Cast Enameled Iron Umbrella Stand
Free Shipping
H 25.2 in W 13 in D 11.03 in
Cast Iron Umbrella Stand with Dog or Retriever
Located in Palm Beach, FL
Charming antique English umbrella stand cast in iron with a top bracket supported by a stylized
Category

Early 20th Century English British Colonial Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Large Wrought Iron Umbrella Stand, France, Late 19th Century
Located in Isle Sur La Sorgue, Vaucluse
Rare and unusual large, circular umbrella stand made of heavy hand-wrought iron, with traces of
Category

Late 19th Century French Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Wrought Iron

19th Century French Napoleon III Polished Iron Umbrella Stand
Located in Dallas, TX
Dress an entry way with this fine antique umbrella or cane stand. Crafted in Brittany, France circa
Category

Mid-19th Century French Napoleon III Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Antique Brass and Cast Iron Umbrella Stand Valet
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Victorian 19th century brass umbrella stand or stick stand. Antique brass top divided into three
Category

19th Century British Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Bronze

Brass and Cast Iron Umbrella Stand, French, circa 1900
Located in Marcq-en-Barœul, Hauts-de-France
This umbrella stand is made of brass with a black metal part on the base. This is a French work
Category

Early 1900s French Neoclassical Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass

English Edwardian Brass and Iron Umbrella Stand or Walking Stick Stand
Located in Wells, ME
English Edwardian brass and cast iron umbrella or stick stand with removable drip pan. This large
Category

Early 1900s English Edwardian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron, Tin, Brass

English Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella Stand, Walking Stick or Cane Stand
Located in Wells, ME
English cast iron victorian umbrella, cane or walking stick stand with separate cast iron drip pan
Category

Late 19th Century English Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

19th Century French Napoleon III Iron Umbrella Stand with Dog Motif
Located in Dallas, TX
Decorate an entry or mudroom with this elegant antique umbrella or cane stand. Crafted in France
Category

Mid-19th Century French Napoleon III Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

English Late Victorian Era Brass and Iron Umbrella Stand with Pinecones, 1900s
Located in Atlanta, GA
An English Late Victorian era brass umbrella stand from circa 1900 with pinecone motifs and iron
Category

Early 20th Century English Late Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass, Iron

Victorian Carron Umbrella Stand
By Carron
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
K0324 Victorian cast iron umbrella stand / stick stand by Carrron, Scotland. All in home ready
Category

19th Century Scottish Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Carron Umbrella Stand
Victorian Carron Umbrella Stand
H 26.5 in W 15 in D 8 in
Bradley and Hubbard Umbrella Stand
Located in Greenwich, CT
A cast iron umbrella stand by noted maker Bradley and Hubbard, having elaborate scrollwork
Category

Early 20th Century American Aesthetic Movement Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Bradley and Hubbard Umbrella Stand
Bradley and Hubbard Umbrella Stand
H 27 in W 11 in D 8.5 in
Stylish Art Nouveau Umbrella Stand
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
K0471 An exceptional, French Art Nouveau, cast iron umbrella stand / hall stand with flowing
Category

Early 1900s French Art Nouveau Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Stylish Art Nouveau Umbrella Stand
Stylish Art Nouveau Umbrella Stand
H 23.63 in W 16.15 in D 9.06 in
English Coalbrookdale Umbrella Stand
By Coalbrookdale Foundry
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
K0601 Exceptional English Coalbrookdale cast iron umbrella stand, having nine loop compartments
Category

19th Century English Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

English Coalbrookdale Umbrella Stand
English Coalbrookdale Umbrella Stand
H 25.197 in W 37.008 in D 7.874 in
Art Nouveau Enamelled Umbrella Stand
Located in Whaley Bridge, GB
K088 stylish French, Art Nouveau cast iron umbrella stand of organic design, having original drip
Category

Early 20th Century French Art Nouveau Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Art Nouveau Enamelled Umbrella Stand
Art Nouveau Enamelled Umbrella Stand
H 29.14 in W 18.12 in D 10.24 in
Scottish Cast Iron Decorative Umbrella Stand, Carron Company, Circa 1850
Located in Hollywood, SC
Scottish cast iron umbrella stand with decorative urns, swags, and floral motif resting on a molded
Category

1850s Scottish Early Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Antique Nautical Seascape Anchor Cast Iron Umbrella Stand Rack
By Robert Wyland
Located in Bensalem, PA
Amazing detailed solid iron anchor seascape umbrella stand from the mid 1800s with removable basin.
Category

1850s European Art Nouveau Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Umbrella Stand Cast Iron
Located in Alton, GB
Beautiful umbrella stand made from cast iron which is typical of the Victorian era. The stand is
Category

Late 19th Century British Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Umbrella Stand Cast Iron
Victorian Umbrella Stand Cast Iron
H 26.78 in W 14.97 in D 9.85 in
Large Cast Iron Umbrella Stick Stand
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
Large cast iron umbrella stick stand An exceptional quality and attractive 19th century cast
Category

Mid-19th Century High Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

19th Century Cast Iron Stick Umbrella Stand
Located in Cheshire, GB
19th century cast iron stick or umbrella stand, the backplate with sporting motif and penny
Category

Late 19th Century British Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Cast Iron Twenty-Four Ring Umbrella Stand
Located in Cheshire, GB
Cast iron twenty-four ring umbrella stand of rectangular form, with raised finials to each corner
Category

17th Century British Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella and Stick Stand
Located in Cheshire, GB
Victorian cast iron umbrella and stick stand, the back cast in the form of a knight in armour with
Category

Late 19th Century British Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

A French Cast Iron Walking Stick Stand or Umbrella Stand
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
A French Cast Iron Walking Stick Stand or Umbrella Stand A charming piece, the round stand is
Category

19th Century Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Curved Brass & Iron Stick Stand or Umbrella Stand
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
Curved brass & iron stick stand or umbrella stand A charming piece, and it has a very unusual
Category

Late 19th Century Adam Style Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass

Victorian Cast Iron Umbrella and Stick Stand
Located in Victoria, BC
This antique cast iron Coalbrookdale hall stand is complete with an angular top rail and a lower
Category

Mid-19th Century English Victorian Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Antique Cast Green Enameled Iron Umbrella/Cane stand
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
An elegant umbrella stand, made of enameled cast iron. Made in France, circa 1910-1920. In good
Category

1910s French Belle Époque Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Antique Cast Green Enameled Iron Umbrella/Cane stand
Antique Cast Green Enameled Iron Umbrella/Cane stand
Free Shipping
H 24.81 in W 21.66 in D 7.09 in
Art Nouveau Cast Iron Umbrella and Stick Stand
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
Art Nouveau cast iron umbrella and stick stand A very attractive Art Nouveau cast iron hall
Category

Late 19th Century Art Nouveau Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Iron

Half Round Brass & Iron Stick Stand or Umbrella Stand
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
Half round brass & iron stick stand or umbrella stand A charming piece, and it has a very
Category

1920s Arts and Crafts Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Brass

Superb Heavy French Copper and Iron Stick Stand, Umbrella Stand
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
Superb Heavy French Copper and Iron Stick Stand, Umbrella Stand A very superb quality piece, the
Category

1890s Country Antique Iron Umbrella Stand

Materials

Copper

  • 1
  • ...
Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Antique Iron Umbrella Stand", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Antique Iron Umbrella Stand For Sale on 1stDibs

Find many varieties of an authentic antique iron umbrella stand available at 1stDibs. Frequently made of metal, iron and brass, every antique iron umbrella stand was constructed with great care. Whether you’re looking for an older or newer antique iron umbrella stand, there are earlier versions available from the 18th Century and newer variations made as recently as the 20th Century. An antique iron umbrella stand, designed in the Victorian, Art Nouveau or Art Deco style, is generally a popular piece of furniture. You’ll likely find more than one antique iron umbrella stand that is appealing in its simplicity, but Coalbrookdale Foundry, Falkirk and A. Kenrick & Sons produced versions that are worth a look.

Finding the Right umbrella-stands for You

When it’s raining, you’re going to need an umbrella, and that wet umbrella is going to need a home. In the range of vintage, new and antique umbrella stands on 1stDibs, find patio umbrella stands made for the outdoors and luxury iterations intended to pair with your coat rack and add a dose of character to your entryway.

Modern umbrellas originated as parasols or sunshades for the upper classes in Ancient Egypt, Ancient India and elsewhere, with the accessory undergoing significant improvements, which included waterproofing, in China thereafter. The Chinese created collapsible accessories and applied wax and lacquer to paper parasols, which repelled rain during thunderstorms. As umbrellas saw widespread adoption over the years, we suddenly needed a place to put them.

African-American inventor William C. Carter of Cincinnati, Ohio, patented the first umbrella stand in 1885. His receptacle featured horizontal crossbars with hinged ends that allowed for umbrellas to be spring-locked into place. Carter hoped his idea would prevent theft of umbrellas and canes as well as present an orderly solution for storing them. It could hold more than one umbrella and contained a drip pan to catch rainwater. Today, antique umbrella stands are rich components of home decor — they’re among the first furnishings you see when you enter someone’s house or apartment — and those stemming from Carter’s day are precious collector’s items.

While preliminary umbrella stands were simple (no more than two posts and a rack to hold several umbrellas), furniture makers embellished their interpretations, adding decorative flourishes and improving upon its features over time.

On 1stDibs, a collection of antique 19th-century umbrella stands includes structures made of oak, walnut and more. There are understated Victorian-era umbrella stands made of brass that comprise little more than four tubular metal supports and cast-iron drip pans, while iterations dating from the same era made from mahogany feature distinctive hand-carvings on their side panels or ornate finials. If they’re not cast-iron umbrella stands, a (sometimes removable) cast-iron drip pan at the very least is a fairly consistent characteristic of the stands of the era.

Mid-century modern furniture designers explored venturesome forms and worked with a variety of materials to craft their umbrella stands, integrating metals such as aluminum and introducing glass and even marble to these pieces. Umbrella stands crafted by contemporary furniture makers often depart from their historical counterparts. While a sampling of today’s iterations demonstrate that creators are making umbrella stands in a variety of shapes and sizes, they’re frequently embodying clean lines and minimalist flourishes, which are perhaps a good fit if you don’t intend for your rack to stand out in your foyer or entryway.

If you’re looking to make a statement with your patio umbrella stand or the piece you’re intending to keep indoors, a vintage ceramic umbrella stand will introduce a pop of color or a dazzling texture to your doorstep or to the neutral color palette that characterizes your entryway.

While umbrella stands have seen an evolution of design over the years, their usefulness hasn’t changed a bit. Browse a collection of antique, new and vintage umbrella stands today on 1stDibs.

Questions About Antique Iron Umbrella Stand
  • 1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
    Yes, cast iron umbrella stands and anything made of cast iron can rust. Keeping your cast iron umbrella stand away from moisture and humidity is the best way to keep it from rusting. However, because it is designed to hold wet umbrellas that may be impractical. Some people like to paint cast iron to protect it from rusting. You’ll find a variety of cast iron and other umbrella stands from some of the world’s top sellers on 1stDibs.

Read More

Pamela Shamshiri Shares the Secrets behind Her First-Ever Book and Its Effortlessly Cool Interiors

The sought-after designer worked with the team at Hoffman Creative to produce a monograph that beautifully showcases some of Studio Shamshiri's most inspiring projects.

Moroccan Artworks and Objects Take Center Stage in an Extraordinary Villa in Tangier

Italian writer and collector Umberto Pasti opens the doors to his remarkable cave of wonders in North Africa.

Montecito Has Drawn Royalty and Celebrities, and These Homes Are Proof of Its Allure

Hollywood A-listers, ex-pat aristocrats and art collectors and style setters of all stripes appreciate the allure of the coastal California hamlet — much on our minds after recent winter floods.

Whaam! Blam! Pow! — a New Book on Pop Art Packs a Punch

Publishing house Assouline and writer Julie Belcove have teamed up to trace the history of the genre, from Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol and Yayoi Kusama to Mickalene Thomas and Jeff Koons.

The Sparkling Legacy of Tiffany & Co. Explained, One Jewel at a Time

A gorgeous new book celebrates — and memorializes — the iconic jeweler’s rich heritage.

What Makes a Gem-Encrusted Chess Set Worth $4 Million?

The world’s most opulent chess set, weighing in at 513 carats, is literally fit for a king and queen.

Tauba Auerbach’s Geometric Pop-Up Book Is Mighty Rare, Thanks to a Hurricane

This sculptural art book has an epic backstory of its own.

Step inside the Storied Mansions of Palm Beach’s Most Effervescent Architect

From Spanish-style courtyards to fanciful fountains, these acclaimed structures abound in surprising and elegant details.