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Brass sand hourglass with circular base and blown glass cruet 1930s
About the Item
Sand hourglass, brass container with circular base and glass cruet blown. Height cm 14 (5.5 in) diameter cm 5, (in 2).
English manufacture of the 1930s. Bon état.
The last photo is the gift box.
The hourglass is engraved with the Latin motto Navigare Necess est, a famous phrase that has passed into history and was uttered according to Plutarch by Pompey in front of soldiers who did not want to embark because of bad weather.
Around the year 57 BC, Pompey was commissioned, to collect as much grain as possible from all the provinces, to supply Rome during a severe famine.
After completing the task and finding a huge amount of grain, with ships loaded with grain and ready to leave, bad weather suddenly arrived with strong winds, the sailors and helmsmen refused to set sail.
Pompey determined and resolute boarded the first ship uttering the words Navigare Necesse est, Vivere non est Necesse, Sailing is Necessary, Living is not Necessary.
His exhortation meant that everyone was in the service of Rome and that it was necessary to bring grain to the starving population even at the risk of their lives.
The sailors then obeyed, the ships set sail and arrived at Ostia with more grain than was needed.
The name hourglass comes directly from the original Greek name klepsydra, which literally means water-stealer. It was the first time-measuring instrument independent of astronomical observations. One of the oldest specimens was found in the tomb of Pharaoh Amenhotep I, dating back to the 15th century BC.
In Greece, the use of hourglasses was introduced in 325 B.C., in the form of truncated-cone-shaped stone containers that spilled water from a hole in the bottom at a constant rate.
Other hourglasses were cylindrical or cup-shaped and were slowly filled by a steady stream of water. Some marks on the inner surface of the container indicated the passage of hours as the liquid level rose. Another version consisted of a metal container pierced at the bottom that, when placed to float in a larger container, sank in a specified time. This system remained in use until the 20th century in North Africa. These clocks were generally used during the night, but not during the day, when more accurate sundials were available.
In the first half of the third century BC. Ctesibius transformed the hourglass into the more complex water clock. Various mechanisms were introduced by him and others to increase the accuracy of the clock by adjusting the pressure and keeping the flow of water constant, but also to provide a better display of the time. More advanced specimens could ring bells or gongs, open windows to show images, or had moving indicators, dials or representations of celestial bodies. Among the designers of such clocks were Archimedes and Heron of Alexandria.
The Macedonian astronomer Andronicus, was responsible for the construction of the Horologion, known today as the Tower of the Winds at the marketplace in Athens, in the first half of the first century BC. It is an octagonal tower with depictions of students and people at the market, and bears both a sundial and a mechanical time display.
It contains an hourglass mechanism capable of showing all 24 hours, the season of the year as well as astrological dates and periods. It also indicates the direction of the main winds, hence the current name.
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