Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Nutwood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Wood
1930s French Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Bronze
1950s French Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Bronze
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Metal
Mid-18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Cherry, Maple, Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Mahogany, Sycamore, Walnut
Early 19th Century Scandinavian Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble
1990s Italian Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble
2010s British Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Tulipwood, Walnut
1940s European Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Carrara Marble
1950s French Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Brass
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
1890s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Ormolu
1880s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Bronze
Mid-18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Carrara Marble, Brass
2010s French Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Carrara Marble
1960s American Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Mahogany
1790s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble
1940s French Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Brass
Late 19th Century Spanish Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Brass
1870s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
1890s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
1940s French Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Bronze
1940s French Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
20th Century French Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Mahogany
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Fruitwood
21st Century and Contemporary Asian Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Wood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble, Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
19th Century European Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Cherry
1770s Italian Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Cherry, Walnut, Burl
20th Century American Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Oak
20th Century American Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Wood
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Fruitwood
20th Century French Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Marble
1790s French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Walnut
1770s Italian Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Cherry, Maple, Walnut
2010s American Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Nickel
20th Century French Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Carrara Marble
21st Century and Contemporary American Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Ormolu, Bronze
Late 18th Century Swedish Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
19th Century French Antique Directoire Commodes and Chests of Drawers
Wood