Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Wire, Brass
2010s British Directoire Furniture
Tulipwood, Walnut
Late 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone, Marble
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Wood
Mid-20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Linen, Wood, Paint
1990s Italian Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Textile, Upholstery, Wood, Paint
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Suede, Cane, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 2000s European Directoire Furniture
Marble, Metal
1980s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel
1990s French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1950s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Beech
Early 19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Synthetic, Mahogany, Pine, Bone, Textile
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood
1950s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Fruitwood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Wood
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Walnut
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1880s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 2000s Unknown Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Mercury Glass, Giltwood