Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
19th Century Unknown Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Lacquer, Wood, Cherry, Oak
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
1810s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
18th Century and Earlier French Antique Directoire Furniture
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood, Cherry, Lacquer
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Mid-17th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
21st Century and Contemporary Asian Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Bronze, Ormolu
Mid-18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Maple, Walnut
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Silver Leaf
Late 20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Masonite, Paint
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
1950s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Cane, Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal, Iron
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal
Early 19th Century English Antique Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Paper
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Plate, Bronze
Late 17th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
1970s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass, Steel
20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Walnut
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Tôle
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ceramic
1980s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Paper
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Bronze
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
20th Century English Directoire Furniture
Creamware