Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Ormolu
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Oak
19th Century Unknown Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass, Bronze
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Crystal
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1890s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Iron
Early 20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Metal
Late 17th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Linen, Wood
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak, Lacquer
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry
18th Century and Earlier French Antique Directoire Furniture
1950s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century Dutch Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Olive
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
21st Century and Contemporary Vietnamese Directoire Furniture
Wood
1810s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
20th Century Turkish Directoire Furniture
Wool
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1970s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wire
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Maple, Walnut
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Mid-17th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Mid-19th Century English Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Mid-18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Maple, Walnut
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood, Cherry, Lacquer
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Early 2000s North American Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone