Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Tôle
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Nutwood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Late 18th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Paint
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut, Straw
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Linen, Oak, Paint
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze, Iron
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Giltwood
1950s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Ormolu
Late 20th Century European Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Cherry
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Mid-17th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Ormolu
Early 20th Century Argentine Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 2000s North American Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
1790s European Antique Directoire Furniture
Silver
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass, Gold Leaf
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Wood, Oak, Lacquer
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Iron
Late 20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Silk
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Aluminum
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 20th Century North American Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Olive