Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
2010s Directoire Furniture
Blown Glass, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Oak
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Tôle
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Ormolu
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1950s Argentine Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Chrome
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Ormolu, Bronze
1950s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Late 20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Silk
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint, Canvas, Mirror
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Iron
Late 20th Century North American Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Tin
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Cherry
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut, Straw
Early 20th Century English Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Hardwood, Lacquer
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Bronze, Stainless Steel
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Tôle
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass, Steel
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Pine, Paint
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Aluminum
Early 19th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Early 19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Mahogany
19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Amboyna
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Walnut
1980s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Walnut
1970s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble