Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Lacquer
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Multi-gemstone, Marble, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 19th Century American Antique Directoire Furniture
Bone, Wood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 19th Century Swedish Antique Directoire Furniture
Pine
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Giltwood
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Chrome
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Zinc
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
1880s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1920s Danish Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble
Late 18th Century Swedish Antique Directoire Furniture
Early 2000s Unknown Directoire Furniture
Marble, Steel
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Birch
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Sycamore
2010s Directoire Furniture
Blown Glass, Wood
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Tapestry, Mahogany
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood, Velvet
1940s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Onyx, Bronze
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
1810s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint, Canvas, Mirror
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze