Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1980s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood
1910s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
18th Century and Earlier French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Ormolu
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric
1790s European Antique Directoire Furniture
Mercury Glass, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Zinc
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Aluminum
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak, Paint
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1780s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Nutwood
21st Century and Contemporary French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Composition
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
2010s British Directoire Furniture
Tulipwood, Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood, Mirror
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Textile, Upholstery, Wood, Paint
2010s Mexican Directoire Furniture
Oak
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Tapestry, Wood
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Crystal, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mohair, Sycamore
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Beech
1790s Russian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
21st Century and Contemporary Vietnamese Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Copper
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
21st Century and Contemporary American Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Granite, Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
21st Century and Contemporary Vietnamese Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Tin
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
21st Century and Contemporary American Directoire Furniture
Wire
1940s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Onyx, Bronze
21st Century and Contemporary Vietnamese Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Tôle
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood