Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood, Mahogany
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Breccia Marble, Bronze
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
18th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Paper
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Wood, Beech
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1980s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Paint, Giltwood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal
1960s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal
1980s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
Late 18th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Lacquer
Late 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Oak
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Sycamore
1780s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood, Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Plate, Bronze
Early 2000s North American Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
1970s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel, Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Oak
1820s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
2010s North American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Belgian Black Marble, Bronze
1870s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Maple
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Paint
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Mahogany