Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
20th Century Directoire Furniture
21st Century and Contemporary French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Tôle
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1980s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Lacquer
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Chrome
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
21st Century and Contemporary American Directoire Furniture
Brass, Gold Leaf
2010s Mexican Directoire Furniture
Oak
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Fruitwood
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Walnut
21st Century and Contemporary American Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Beech
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
18th Century and Earlier French Antique Directoire Furniture
Late 18th Century Swedish Antique Directoire Furniture
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Tapestry, Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1790s European Antique Directoire Furniture
Mercury Glass, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Iron
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Nutwood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Oak
21st Century and Contemporary American Directoire Furniture
Wire
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s Russian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Linen, Oak, Paint
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Leather
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany