Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Mid-19th Century British Antique Directoire Furniture
Silver Plate
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wrought Iron
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Multi-gemstone, Marble, Bronze
1780s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Nutwood
1950s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1970s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass, Steel
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Crystal, Iron
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Tôle
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Iron
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Silk, Walnut, Giltwood
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
1810s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
1940s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Onyx, Bronze
Late 19th Century American Antique Directoire Furniture
Bone, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 20th Century North American Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood
Early 19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Late 18th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1790s European Antique Directoire Furniture
Silver
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
Late 20th Century European Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Cherry
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze, Iron
1980s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Aluminum
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal, Tin
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone, Metal, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Iron
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Bronze
1950s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Crystal
20th Century Turkish Directoire Furniture
Wool





