Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
1960s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
1910s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Birch
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Mid-20th Century Argentine Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1980s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
Early 19th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Bronze, Ormolu
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak, Paint
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1960s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Ebony, Fruitwood, Walnut, Pine
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
2010s Directoire Furniture
Blown Glass, Wood
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Hardwood, Lacquer
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1970s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mirror
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Mahogany, Glass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1980s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Silk, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1980s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1970s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Hardwood, Down
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
21st Century and Contemporary Asian Directoire Furniture
Iron
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Composition
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass, Ormolu
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1840s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Late 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Iron
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1870s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel, Brass