Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Walnut, Paint
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1780s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood, Walnut
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Ebony, Fruitwood, Walnut, Pine
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Glass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Porphyry
Mid-18th Century Dutch Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak, Lacquer
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint, Canvas, Mirror
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wire
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Faience
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1990s American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Giltwood
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Maple, Walnut
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1910s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Breccia Marble, Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Mid-20th Century Argentine Directoire Furniture
Silver Leaf
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Iron
Late 20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Wood, Glass, Paint
1940s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1950s Argentine Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Iron
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Satinwood
1910s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Satinwood, Walnut
Late 20th Century Philippine Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1940s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Paint
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood