Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1880s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1980s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
Mid-20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Wood
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Porphyry
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass, Bronze
Early 19th Century Austrian Antique Directoire Furniture
Crystal
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mercury Glass, Giltwood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Leather, Oak
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood, Mirror
1910s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Cane, Wood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Ormolu
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Walnut
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Ebony, Fruitwood, Walnut, Pine
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Elm, Pearwood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Mid-20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Lacquer, Oak
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Faience
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
18th Century Belgian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Belgian Black Marble
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Silver
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Wood, Glass, Paint
Late 20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Cane, Walnut
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak, Lacquer
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Pine
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
Early 2000s Unknown Directoire Furniture
Marble, Steel