Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Mid-20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
Early 19th Century Austrian Antique Directoire Furniture
Crystal
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass, Bronze
Mid-20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Wood
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Paint, Paper
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Bronze, Steel
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Oak
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Chrome
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Leather, Fruitwood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ceramic
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood, Velvet
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Elm, Pearwood
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Granite, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Hardwood, Down
Mid-20th Century Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Late 19th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Cane, Wood
1880s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Breccia Marble, Bronze
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Statuary Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Lacquer, Oak
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Ormolu
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak, Lacquer
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Limestone
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany
18th Century Belgian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Belgian Black Marble
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Walnut
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble