Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Nutwood
21st Century and Contemporary Asian Directoire Furniture
Iron
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood, Velvet
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Iron
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Crystal, Iron
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Travertine, Iron
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
1980s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Silk, Wood
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 20th Century Philippine Directoire Furniture
Brass
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Pine, Paint
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Wood, Giltwood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wire
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Hardwood, Down
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1940s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Wrought Iron
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Tin
Late 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
1980s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Cherry
21st Century and Contemporary American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood, Mirror
1970s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mirror
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
2010s British Directoire Furniture
Tulipwood, Walnut
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass, Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Brass
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Mohair, Wood
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
1960s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Chrome
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
Late 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Hardwood, Lacquer
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood