Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1910s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century Argentine Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
20th Century Turkish Directoire Furniture
Wool
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass, Bronze, Steel, Iron
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Wood
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Cherry, Oak, Lacquer
1980s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Silk, Wood
1870s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
Late 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1950s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Wrought Iron
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Walnut, Paint
Early 2000s European Directoire Furniture
Marble, Metal
19th Century Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
2010s British Directoire Furniture
Tulipwood, Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Wood, Giltwood
1940s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Early 19th Century Scandinavian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Belgian Black Marble, Bronze
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Plate, Bronze
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1910s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Travertine, Brass, Steel
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wire
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Canvas
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Wood, Glass, Paint
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1770s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Maple, Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone, Marble, Metal, Brass
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Mahogany
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble