Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1880s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century Unknown Directoire Furniture
Brass
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1990s American Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass, Bronze
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Maple, Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Iron
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
1910s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Breccia Marble, Bronze
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Silk
18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Mohair, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric
18th Century and Earlier French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
1880s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Iron
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Copper
1880s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1990s French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Sycamore
1920s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Bronze, Stainless Steel
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Linen, Upholstery, Giltwood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Granite, Bronze
2010s Directoire Furniture
Blown Glass, Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Giltwood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wrought Iron
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Paint
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Walnut
20th Century Directoire Furniture
21st Century and Contemporary French Directoire Furniture
Brass
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Tôle
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1980s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Lacquer
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Chrome
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass