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James MacDougal HartOriginal James M. Hart19th Century
19th Century
About the Item
James MacDougal Hart (American, 1828-1901)
Untitled (After Troyon), 19th century
Oil on canvas
18 1/16 x 30 1/16 in.
Framed: 31 1/2 x 40 1/2 in.
Signed lower right: James M Hart / After Troyon
Born in Kilmarnock, Scotland, James Hart was a leading figure of the second generation Hudson River School painters and was known for idyllic landscapes, especially with cows. His family emigrated to Albany, New York in 1830 when he was age two, and Hart, at age 15, apprenticed to a sign and banner painter in Albany. Later he switched to portrait painting.
At age 22, he went to Germany and enrolled in the Dusseldorf Art Academy for three years and returned to Albany where he opened a studio and taught and painted until 1857 when he established a studio in New York City. There members of the newly rich, post-Civil War society were delighted with his serene, rural landscapes. It was a time when New York "swarmed with people newly rich and feverishly eager to acquire at once the trappings and paraphernalia of culture, oil paintings included.
With such clients Hart and his brother, William, found abundant employment for their painting in a language intelligible to the artistically illiterate. James garnished his landscapes with barnyard animals, chiefly cows, and painted them with such fidelity that his delighted customers thought they could distinguish the Alderneys from the Guernseys."
His farm family teased him about his painting of farm animals, saying he knew little about them first hand. In the 1840s and 1850s, he also painted panoramic, luminous landscapes in meticulous details with many figures including farmers and children. The idea was to suggest that rural America was an idyllic place.
Of his cow paintings, G.W. Sheldon wrote in "American Painters": For cows and oxen, he has the fullest sympathy. Their thoughts which are not men's thoughts, their ways, which are not men's ways, and their faces which do not depend for interest upon any human likeness or suggestion, have been the objects of his studious love. He says that he likes cattle as well as landscapes---and this, for an artist like him, is saying a great deal." (50)
James McDougal Hart served as the Vice President for three years of the National Academy of Design. He was voted a full member in 1859.
His wife was artist Marie Theresa Gorsuch, a still-life painter, and their three children became artists: Robert Gorsuch Hart, Letitia Bonnet Hart, and Mary Theresa Hart.
Bio sourced from the Archives of AskArt
- Creator:James MacDougal Hart (1828 - 1901, British, American)
- Creation Year:19th Century
- Dimensions:Height: 31.5 in (80.01 cm)Width: 40.5 in (102.87 cm)Depth: 3 in (7.62 cm)
- Medium:
- Movement & Style:
- Period:
- Condition:Frame needs restoration, canvas slightly warped and minor craquelure consistent with age.
- Gallery Location:New York, NY
- Reference Number:1stDibs: LU2211211879262
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Charles Henry Miller was a noted artist and painter of landscapes from Long Island, New York. The American poet Bayard Taylor called him, "The artistic discoverer of the little continent of Long Island."
Miller was educated at Mount Washington Collegiate Institute, and graduated in medicine at the New York Homeopathic Institute in 1864. Before his graduation, he had occasionally painted pictures, and in 1860 he exhibited The Challenge Accepted at the National Academy of Design, in New York City.
He lived in Queens at the summer estate, Queenslawn, originally purchased by his parents. He went abroad in 1864 and again in 1867, and was a pupil in the Bavarian Royal Academy at Munich under the instruction of Adolf Lier.
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Legacy and honors
• In 1910 Miller founded the Queens Borough Allied Arts & Crafts Society.
• A New York City public school, Queens P.S. 33, was once named for him.
• 1878, gold medal awarded by the Massachusetts Charitable Association
• 1885, gold medal at the World's Exposition in New Orleans.
Following is a list, which includes many of his known exhibitions:
• National Academy of Design, New York, NY, 1860-61, 1865-67, 1870-1921
• Brooklyn Art Association, Brooklyn, NY, 1872-84, 1891-92
• Artist's Fund Society, New York, NY, 1874 (exhibition & sale), 1886 (exhibition & sale)
• Century Association, New York, NY, (1874-1917)
• Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, PA, 1876 (prize)
• Society of American Artists, New York, NY, (1878-1882)
• Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, Boston, MA, 1878 (prize)
• Paris International Exposition, Paris, France, 1878, 1889
• American Water Color Society Exhibition, New York, NY, 1879
• Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia , PA, 1879-99
• Boston Art Club, Boston, MA, 1880-1907 (prize)
• Union League Club, New York, NY, 1880
• Lotos Club, New York, NY, 1880, 1896, 1899-1900, 1906
• Salons of Paris, Paris, France, 1882
• International Exhibition, Munich, Germany, 1883 (president & exhibitor)
• New Orleans Exposition, New Orleans, LA, 1885 (prize)
• Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 1888-89, 1891, 1894-98, 1904
• Fifth Avenue Art Gallery, New York, NY, 1889 (exhibition & sale)
• World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, IL, 1892
• Frederick A. Chapman Gallery, New York, NY, 1898 (solo)
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