19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
to
228
1,038
187
1,038
1,983
700
544
786
398
143
26
82
86
28
116
183
140
59
25
104
52
43
30
21
19
18
17
15
9
5
3
3
1
1
481
478
179
157
148
646
348
777
485
160
158
140
Height
to
Width
to
1,038
1,038
1,038
21
14
13
10
9
Period: 19th Century
Crystal and Gilt Bronze Jardinière, France, Late 19th Century
Located in Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
Crystal and gilt bronze jardinière. France, late 19th century.
Category
French Neoclassical Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Crystal, Bronze
Antique 19th Century Regency Ormolu and Porcelain Planter
Located in west palm beach, FL
Capture the elegance of a bygone era with this Vintage 19th Century Regency Ormolu and Porcelain Planter. Infused with American style and refined craftsmanship, it's a timeless accen...
Category
French Regency Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Metal
Antique Pair of Black Forest Jardinière’s Hand Carved Switzerland circaLate1800s
Located in Chicago, IL
Black Forest Pair of Jardinière’s hand carved in Switzerland during the late 1800s. The Jardinière’s are complete with their original metal liners and are ready to be planted. Black Forest Furniture first began to appear in the mid-1800s in Brienz, Switzerland and originally only included small Black Forest animal objects made for the tourist trade. In the late 1800s, as tourism traffic increased, so did the number and Size of Black Forest Carvings and soon thereafter was followed by Black Forest Furniture. As luck would have it, Old Plank has recently discovered a treasure Trove of Black Forest Carved...
Category
Swiss Black Forest Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Tin
Majolica Parakeets Garniture Set Vases & Jardinière Sarreguemines, circa 1880
Located in Austin, TX
Majolica Parakeets Garniture set with 2 vases and a jardinière planter signed Sarreguemines, circa 1880.
Model 7122.
Measures: Jardinière / Height 6.2", length 11" on 6".
Vases / ...
Category
European Aesthetic Movement Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Majolica, Ceramic
Antique Japanese Meiji Cloisonne Enamel Brush Pot
Located in New York, NY
An antique Japanese Meiji Era cylindrical shaped enamel over brass brush pot. Circa: 19th century. The cylindrical form pot is enameled with polychrome medallions with butterflies in...
Category
Japanese Meiji Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Enamel, Brass
19th Century French Anduze Pot
Located in Houston, TX
19th Century French Anduze Pot with drip glaze in a raised relief
Category
French French Provincial Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic
Antique Large Quality Oriental Japanese Bronze Jardinière Bowl Censor Planter Me
Located in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire
Antique large fine quality Oriental Japanese bronze Jardinière planter bowl censor Meiji Period early 20th Century.
Would look amazing in the right location and make a fabulous ce...
Category
Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Bronze
19th Century Majolica Jardinière by Minton and Carlo Marochetti
By Minton
Located in London, GB
This exquisite jardinière was manufactured by the celebrated English company Minton, who are famous for their ceramics. It was designed by Baron Carlo Marochetti (1805-1867), an Italian-born sculptor who worked in London in the latter part of his career. His most famous work is the bronze sculpture of Richard the Lionheart...
Category
English Victorian Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Majolica
Coveted Antique Biot Pottery Storage Jar, Pre-1900s
By Biot
Located in Copenhagen K, DK
Magnificent and much coveted gigantic antique pottery holder pre 1900s.
A unique piece of handmade ceramic craftmanship, made in the cozy southern French city of Biot, located bet...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Clay
19th century copper Ferrat / grain measure / water carrier
Located in Budleigh Salterton, GB
Good example of a mid 19th century copper Ferrat , grain measure / water carrier
French circa 1850’s with original patina and makers stamp
Height 10 inches
Width 16 inches
Depth ...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Copper
French Majolica Pumpkin Jardiniere Onnaing, circa 1890
By Onnaing
Located in Austin, TX
Majolica pumpkin jardiniere signed Onnaing, circa 1890, a reticulated planter with pumpkin flowers signed Onnaing 407.
Category
French Rustic Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic
Beautiful Vintage Chinoiserie Art Nouveau Toleware Cachepot 1890s
Located in Nuernberg, DE
This listing is for a beautiful fabulous vintage Cachepot. Made of metal with a cute design. Black background with gold detailing. Perfect to use wit...
Category
Austrian Victorian Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Metal, Ormolu
An Elegant Louis XV Style Silvered Bronze Jardinière, 19th Century.
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
An elegant Louis XV style silvered bronze jardinière, 19th century.
A Louis XV style silvered and chased bronze planter, 19th century.
H: 18.5cm, W: 69cm, D: 30cm
Category
French Louis XV Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Bronze
French Chinoiserie Style Earthenware Turquoise Blue Ground Planter or Jardinière
Located in New York, NY
A marvelous French chinoiserie style earthenware dore bronze mounted turquoise blue ground planter or jardinière, attributed to Théodore Deck. The ceramic bowl is beautifully decorat...
Category
French Chinoiserie Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Bronze
Chinese Half Moon Stone Trough, c. 1850
Located in Chicago, IL
Once used on a provincial Chinese farm to hold water or animal feed, this early 19th-century stone trough is celebrated today for its organic form and rustic authenticity. Hand-chise...
Category
Chinese Rustic Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Limestone
Antique French Majolica Jardinière Onnaing Tiger Monkey Jungle Cache Pot Planter
By Onnaing
Located in Shreveport, LA
Antique French Majolica Jardinière Onnaing Tiger Monkey Jungle Cache Pot Planter.
Direct from France, a gorgeous 19th century antique French majolica jardinière or cache pot!
The ca...
Category
French French Provincial Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Majolica
Cherub Minton Jardinière
By Minton
Located in New Orleans, LA
Bearing a cipher mark from 1856, this mid-19th-century centerpiece stands as a crowning achievement of the esteemed firm Minton & Co. This accomplishment of such grand scale in ceram...
Category
English Victorian Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic
Pair of Large Antique Delft Jardinière Planters
Located in Wormelow, Herefordshire
A pair of large oak jardinière planters decorated with 18th century tiles.
The oak troughs compliment the blue and white colours of the tiles of coastal and rural scenes, displayed ...
Category
Dutch Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Clay, Wood, Oak
Antique 19th c Japanese Satsuma Vase WARRIORS decoration marked
Located in Amsterdam, Noord Holland
Fabulous Japanese earthenware Satsuma Vase with nice decoration of a warriors in a landscape. Meiji period, 19th c
Lovely piece.
Condition
Perfect. Size 13CM high
Period
19th century
Category
Japanese Meiji Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Porcelain
Napoleon III, Pair of French Cachepots in Hand-Painted Porcelain de Paris
Located in Prato, Tuscany
We kindly invite you to read the entire description, as we strive to provide you with detailed technical and historical information to ensure the authenticity of our items.
This eleg...
Category
French Napoleon III Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Porcelain
French Inlaid Jardiniere
Located in Tampa, FL
A French jardiniere inlaid with ebony and fruitwood with gilt bronze ormolu handles and feet. The planter has a very nice brass liner inside and is about five inches deep.
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Bronze
Monumental Pair of 19th Century French Sèvres Celeste Blue Porcelain Cachepots
Located in New York, NY
A monumental and rare pair of 19th century French dore bronze mounted Sèvres Celeste blue porcelain cachepots. These cache pots are extremely rare to fi...
Category
French Louis XVI Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Bronze
Ormolu and Cloisonné Enamel Jardinière Attributed to F. Barbedienne
Located in London, GB
The large central circular form cloisonne enamel jardinière decorated with vari colored plum flowers and butterflies on a blue ground, with a pierced ormolu rim featuring a pineapple motif resting on a finely cast ormolu base with four legs in the form of winged Foo lions.
The ormolu French, the enamel Chinese.
This impressive jardinie`re is very much in the manner of objects in enamel produced by Ferdinand Barbedienne in Paris in the last quarter of the 19th century which proved universally popular. Often these pieces were designed by Edouard Lievre (d. 1886) in the Oriental taste.
Ferdinand Barbedienne was a famous French metal worker and manufacturer. He presided over one of the most renowned and prolific foundries of Belle Époque Paris. His atelier created sculptures, clocks and bronze mounts of the highest quality, and his works were shown at numerous international exhibitions of the period, where he was rewarded with many medals. Among them the Grande Me´daille d'Honneur, in Paris in 1855 is particularly noteworthy.
In 1838 he associated with the engineer Achille Collas (1795-1859) who had just invented a process to reproduce statues at a smaller scale.
Together they founded in 1839 the company "Collas et Barbedienne" to reproduce casts of both contemporary artists and Greek and Roman antiquities. While working with Collas, Barbedienne actively pursued contracts with many sculptors of Paris contracting with David D'Angers, Jean-Baptiste Clesinger, and even producing some casts for Antoine Louis Barye as well as others. From 1860 to the years 1890, Barbedienne, eager to research new processes, experimented new techniques in champleve´ and cloisonne´-enamels, to compete with Japanese importations, very fashionable then.
When Collas died in 1859, the business was left to Barbedienne as sole owner. The company who had over 300 employees was prosperous as well in the field of reproductions as in its department specialized in the casting of monumental bronzes.
In 1865, he was appointed President of the Reunion of Bronze Makers until 1885.
After the 1870 war...
Category
French Chinoiserie Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Enamel, Ormolu
Antique Japanese Satsuma Moriage Oil Lamps & Dragon Jardiniere Mantel Set
Located in Dayton, OH
Rare antique parlor set of Japanese Satsuma porcelain and brass Kosmos Brenner oil lamps and jardinière / cache pot / planter / urn. Both are moriag...
Category
Japanese Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Brass
French 19th Century Copper Wine Measure 'Demi Hectolitre, 50 Litres'
Located in Victoria, BC
Here is a lovely antique French Demi Hectolitre copper container for wine. Has a capacity of half an hectolitre, which is approximately 50 liters. This type of container is specifica...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Brass, Copper
Rare Pair of Rouen Enamel Cast Iron Urns
Located in Atlanta, GA
An exceptional and very rare pair of "Emaille De Rouen", enameled cast iron urns from Rouen, France. Stunning form with classical figurative hand...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Iron
Baccarat Crystal and Dore Bronze-Mounted Centrepiece or Jardinière
By Baccarat
Located in New York, NY
An unusual antique Baccarat crystal and Dore bronze-mounted oval shaped centrepiece, the removable oval shaped crystal bowl, beautifully hand-cut and engraved with floral and vine de...
Category
French Louis XVI Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Crystal, Bronze
Chinese Export Famille Verte Porcelain & French Ormolu Chinoiserie Centerpiece
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A very fine and large 19th century Chinese export famille verte porcelain and French figural ormolu-mounted Chinoiserie style centerpiece jardinière, in the manner of Edward Holmes Baldock (1777-1845). The circular-ovoid porcelain bowl or cachepot, maybe 18th century Jiaqing period (unverified), decorated with a blue and purple ground background with parcel gilt depicting pagodas, trees, mountains and landscape scenes, flanking scrolled handles issuing from the base and ending with a finely chased ormolu pierced acanthus rim. The two ends with a projected mask of Chinese Imperial lions or foo dogs, surmounted and raised on six finely chased ormolu masks of Bacchus satyrs flanked by seashell-like mounts. The Ormolu, circa Paris, 1880. The Porcelain circa 1800 (Maybe 18th century.)
Measures: Height: 15 3/4 inches (40 cm.)
Overall width: 21 inches (53.4 cm.)
Depth: 17 inches (43.2 cm.)
Edward Holmes Baldock (1777-1845) was a prominent London furniture dealer to the Royal Family, father of Edward Holmes Baldock.
He was first listed in the London trade directories in 1805. That listing had him operating out of No.7 Hanway Street in London, where he was described as selling "china and glass". An updated listing in 1821 described his business as "an antique furniture and ornamental furniture dealer", and in 1826 as a buyer and seller of "china, cabinets, screens, bronzes etc".
Between 1832 and 1837 he sold earthenware and glass products to William IV, and upon the ascendancy of Queen Victoria in 1837, sold china until his death in 1845. Baldock was one of the first antique dealers and is similar to the 18th century marchands-merciers Dominique Daguerre and Simon-Philippe.
He was the father of Edward Holmes Baldock (1812-1875), a British Conservative Party politician, and of Mary Frances Baldock, wife of the philatelist W. A. S. Westoby.
Famille Verte
Famille verte (????, Kangxi wucai...
Category
French Chinoiserie Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ormolu
Exceptional Very Large Ormolu and Silvered Bronze Jardinière by Christofle
By Christofle
Located in London, GB
Exceptional very large ormolu and silvered bronze jardinière by Christofle
French, 19th Century
Height 44cm, width 93cm, depth 59cm
This superb jardinière centrepiece was crafted by...
Category
French Neoclassical Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Silver Plate, Bronze, Ormolu
French Majolica Pansies Jardinière, circa 1880
Located in Austin, TX
French Majolica Pansies Jardinière, circa 1880.
Category
French Country Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic
French Majolica Ferns & Flowers Jardinière, circa 1880
Located in Austin, TX
French Majolica Ferns & Flowers Jardinière, circa 1880.
Category
French Country Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic
19th Century Country French Fountain with Porcelain Reservoir and Basin
Located in Dallas, TX
19th century Country French fountain with porcelain reservoir and basin is a charming ode to a bygone era! Back before hot and cold running water, it was desirable for family members...
Category
French French Provincial Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Porcelain, Oak
Large French Majolica Bird and Snake Jardinière, circa 1890
Located in Austin, TX
Large French 19th century Majolica jardinière in a shape of wood box decorated with leaves, on the front a bird with his nest, a snake looking on the nest with eggs...
Category
French French Provincial Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Majolica, Ceramic, Faience, Pottery
French Polished Brass Jardinière or Container with Lion Handles, 19th Century
Located in Savannah, GA
French polished brass jardinière or container with lion handles, 19th century.
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Brass
French Louis XVI Style Silvered Metal Jardiniere and Plateau
Located in Dallas, TX
A French Louis XVI style silvered metal jardinière and matching plateau.
Category
French Louis XVI Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Fabulous Pair of Meissen Porcelain Glass Coolers/Cachepots
Located in New York, NY
A fabulous pair of Meissen Porcelain glass coolers/cachepots. This exceptional pair of exquisitely hand-painted Meissen Porcelain glass coolers are each painted with panels of figure...
Category
German Louis XVI Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Porcelain, Meissen
19th Century Majolica Chesnut Jardinière Onnaing
By Onnaing
Located in Austin, TX
19th century Majolica chesnut handled jardinière signed Onnaing.
This jardinière is inspired by the Art Nouveau and the Naturalism movement of the end of 19th century.
Category
French Art Nouveau Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Majolica, Ceramic, Faience
Napoleon III Porcelain De Paris Hand-Painted French Cachepot
Located in Prato, Tuscany
Please read the entire description carefully, as it provides detailed technical and historical information that will help assure you of the authenticity of our items.
This elegant an...
Category
French Napoleon III Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Porcelain
Georgian Gilt Wood Planter, Jardinière, Ebony and Gilt Design
Located in Manhasset, NY
Georgian gilt wood planter, Jardinière, Ebony and gilt design
Fine period Georgian ebony and gilt decorated planter or jardiniere. The center insert planter pot rests atop a trio of...
Category
English Georgian Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Tin
Antique Meiji Japanese Cloisonne Gold Stone Enamel Covered Jar with Dragon and C
Located in New York, NY
An antique Japanese, late Meiji era, covered enamel over brass pot or box. The body of the ware is enameled with polychrome images of cranes, medallions with blossoming flowers and b...
Category
Japanese Meiji Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Brass, Enamel
Small Antique Brass Jam Pan. English 19th Century
Located in St Annes, Lancashire
Great rustic accessory for the country kitchen
Country house condition. Original patina to brass and rusty iron handle
The measurement given is with the handle up
Free UK shipping
Category
English Folk Art Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Brass, Iron
Large Cizhou Wear Ming Dynasty Ovoid Ceramic Planter - Vessel
Located in Basingstoke, Hampshire
An oversized ovoid cizhou wear jar. Depicting unusual rich blue hand-painted decoration on a soft white ground. This tall ceramic jar was originally used for pickling. The combinatio...
Category
Asian Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic
Antique English Majolica Planter or Jardiniere with Floral Decoration
Located in Hamilton, Ontario
This antique planter is unsigned, but presumed to have originated from England and date to approximately 1890 and done in the period Art Nouveau style. The planter is composed of Maj...
Category
English Art Nouveau Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Majolica
Earthgender by Robert Maxwell and David Cressey in Royal Blue
Located in Southampton, NJ
Earthgender Planter in Royal Blue Glaze by David Cressey & Robert Maxwell. Multiples available. Wheel thrown pieces so you can expect slight variations to form & size. Please see our...
Category
American Mid-Century Modern Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic
19th Century Louis XVI Polychromed Vase or Cache Pot
Located in LA CIOTAT, FR
This French cachepot, dating from the early 19th century, is a refined example of the Louis XVI style, characterized by its classical elegance and symmetry. The porcelain piece is ad...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Porcelain, Paint
Incredible Primitive XL 19Th C. Black Terracotta Portuguese Bowl
Located in London, GB
An XL black terracotta bowl from northern Portugal.
Originally used for the preparation of food.
Heavily patinated with ripply texture.
Historic repairs (crack to side)
Category
Portuguese Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Terracotta
Pair of Provençal vases
Located in MADRID, ES
Pair of Provençal earthenware vessels.
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Stone
19th Century French Blue Jasperware Two-Piece Bulb Pot
Located in Stamford, CT
Antique 19th century French blue and white jasperware two-piece bulb pot. Removable lid with holes. Medium blue Jasperware with all over neoclassical detailin...
Category
French Neoclassical Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Pottery
Large Antique Copper Watering Can
Located in Bridgeport, CT
A large and very decorative watering can dating to the industrial era. Tin lined. With both a side handle and large top swivel handle with decorative attachments on the sides. The open center on top lacking a lid.
Measures: Height with handle 15", diameter base 11"
Condition: verdigris around joins, worn interior, expected dents overall from use with the copper watering can...
Category
Industrial Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Copper
Large French Porcelain Famille Rose Style Fishbowl, Samson, circa 1880
Located in New York, NY
Large French Porcelain Famille Rose style fishbowl, Samson, circa 1880.
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Porcelain
French 1850s Barbotine Majolica Jardinière by Thomas Sargent with Floral Décor
Located in Atlanta, GA
A French mid-19th century barbotine Majolica jardinière by French potter Thomas Sargent, with floral motifs. Born in France during the 19th century, thi...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic, Faience, Majolica
19th C. French Empire Gilt Bronze Jardiniere with Napoleonic Bee Motif
Located in Kennesaw, GA
This is a 19th century French Empire gilt bronze jardiniere with a Napoleonic bee motif. It is marked on the underside. It is in wonderful condition. Th...
Category
French Napoleon III Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Bronze, Enamel
Antique Japanese Meiji Cloisonne Enamel Brush Pot
Located in New York, NY
An antique Japanese Meiji Era cylindrical shaped enamel brush pot. Circa: 19th century. The cylindrical form pot is enameled with polychrome medallions with cranes in blossoming flow...
Category
Japanese Meiji Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Enamel
19th Century Beaten Copper Cooking Pot, Cauldron
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
19th century beaten copper cooking pot, cauldron
This is a lovely early cooking pot, it is made in beaten copper, slightly flaring out at the bottom, ...
Category
Georgian Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Copper
19th Century French Brass Repousse Cache-Pot on Integral Pedestal Stand
Located in Dallas, TX
This large heavy antique brass planter was crafted in France, circa 1880. Round in shape, the decorative cache pot stands on an integral circular...
Category
French Napoleon III Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Brass
19th Century English Renaissance Style Pewter Chalice
Located in Queens, NY
English Renaissance-style (19th Century) pewter chalice with hunter and gun relief and finial on lid.
Category
Renaissance Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Pewter
19th Century Majolica Roses and Butterfly Jardinière Delphin Massier
Located in Austin, TX
This is one of the most lovely Majolica Art Nouveau cachepot jardinière signed by Delphin Massier, inspired by the nature with roses and three different butterflies.
The Massier fami...
Category
French Art Nouveau Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Ceramic, Faience, Majolica
Monumental Majolica Grecian Style Urn
Located in Elkhart, IN
An exceptional monumental Grecian-style majolica floor urn. This piece features busts of the ram-horned God Jupiter Ammon; with foliate banded accents; bulb...
Category
Neoclassical Antique 19th Century Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières
Materials
Majolica, Terracotta
Read More
8 Ways to Breathe New Life into a Space with Plants
The pair behind the Instagram account @houseplantclub share their tips for making any room of the house gloriously green.
10 On-Point Vessels for Flaunting Your Houseplants and Bouquets
Whether you're a genius gardener or have your florist on speed dial, every stem in your home deserves the best.
How to Decorate with Plants
The vegetation in these six living rooms is lush yet discreet enough that they won't be mistaken for greenhouses.