Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Giltwood
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Iron
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Mahogany
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Iron
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Chrome
20th Century Directoire Furniture
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century Swedish Antique Directoire Furniture
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Leather
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Mid-18th Century Dutch Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wrought Iron
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Beech
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Belgian Black Marble, Bronze
2010s Directoire Furniture
Blown Glass, Wood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood, Velvet
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
1940s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Onyx, Bronze
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Chrome, Brass
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Iron
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Wrought Iron
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Iron
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Oak
20th Century Turkish Directoire Furniture
Wool
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century Persian Directoire Furniture
Wool
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Steel, Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Suede
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
20th Century English Directoire Furniture
Creamware