Europe - Lighting
to
9,210
92,790
67,740
66,822
24,781
1,187
Height
to
Width
to
79,106
39,736
26,024
26,382
23,074
24,133
22,134
23,200
21,908
22,697
21,403
22,584
37,067
10,771
5,172
5,151
2,369
2,026
1,065
444
411
403
368
303
282
256
179
118
47
42
422
2,359
64,040
25,968
4,101
35,301
20,004
480
223
1,529
2,276
1,596
7,702
13,340
13,795
2,752
942
69,440
42,757
30,991
10,913
8,184
87,499
34,059
11,709
10,090
9,255
92,790
70,712
77,221
1,432
1,156
969
864
813
Item Ships From: Europe
Italian Crystal Beaded Chandelier Eight Lights Early 20th Century
Located in Milano, MI
Early 1900s Chandelier Coated With Crystal Beads, eight-light antique chandelier with square-section burnished brass cage frame integrally covered with double row of crystal beads an...
Category
Early 20th Century Italian Art Nouveau Europe - Lighting
Materials
Crystal, Brass
Sistema Solare 6-Arms Brass and Onyx Chandelier by Silvio Piattelli
By Silvio Piattelli
Located in Milan, IT
Sistema Solare is the variation of the Sistema chandelier where the shade is made of a thin cut Ivory Onyx slab. Sistema collection uses the successful rotating stem structure of the...
Category
2010s Italian Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Limburg 1 of 6 Vintage 1960s Black Iron Rings and Glass Wall Lights or Sconces
By Helena Tynell and Heinrich Gantenbrink, Glashütte Limburg
Located in Landau an der Isar, Bayern
One of six Mid-Century Modern rare pair of vintage German made lantern style flush mount wall light fixtures or sconces by Glashütte Limburg, circa 1960. Featuring thick heavy mouth ...
Category
Mid-20th Century German Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Pair of Art Deco Style Smoked Murano Glass and Brass Sconces
Located in Puglia, Puglia
Pair of Murano glass and brass flush mount sconces with an Art Deco inspired bezel, with a timeless yet elegant aesthetic. Perfect for creating the perfect warm glow in any interior....
Category
Early 2000s Italian Art Deco Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Mid-Century Modern Brass Sunburst Pendant Lamp – Unique 1960 Piece
By DADA est.
Located in Barcelona, ES
Stunning Mid-Century Modern Brass Sunburst Pendant Lamp – A Rare 1960 Masterpiece with Original Patina
Step into the elegance of the past with this breathtaking Mid-Century Modern ...
Category
1960s Spanish Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Rattan
Set of 2 Rare Original 1940s Ball Lamps, Opaline Glass, Bauhaus
Located in Berlin, BE
Classic Light from the 1920s 1930s
German ball lamp made of opaline glass.
Set of two lamps. They are minimal different in the size. About 0.2 inches in diameter. You can't see it i...
Category
1940s German Bauhaus Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Mid-Century Brass and Opal Glass Cascade Ceiling Lamp, Germany, 1960s
Located in Hagenbach, DE
This elegant ceiling lamp from 1960s Germany showcases a refined combination of brass and opal glass. The opal glass diffuser is seamlessly integrated into the brass frame, creating ...
Category
1960s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal, Brass
Mid-20th Century Venetian Chandelier, Murano, 1980s
By Barovier&Toso
Located in Budapest, HU
Murano glass chandelier. Hand made in Murano. It made by 58 Murano crystal glasses in a gold metal frame. The chandelier has also a Murano glass ball in the end of the lamp. Murano b...
Category
1970s Italian Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Mid-Century Modern Wicker Pendant Lamp, 1960s.
Located in Hannover, DE
This natural wicker pendant lamp is a rare to find style of lampshade, it will enrich your home regardless of its style. The make also cottages, restaurants or offices look so beauti...
Category
1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Wicker
Pair of Big Large Modern Italian Murano Glass and Brass Sconces
Located in Puglia, Puglia
Beautiful lamps in Murano glass and brass, structured glass, made even more beautiful by the polished brass base. The wall lamps are composed of a brass structure that is fixed to th...
Category
Early 2000s Italian Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Large German Vintage Glass Ceiling or Wall Light Flushmount, 1960s
Located in Berlin, DE
Wonderful vintage hand made bubble glass flushmount.
Germany, 1960s.
Lamp sockets: 2x E27 (US E26).
.
Category
1960s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Glass
Il Pezzo 12 Black-Gold Long Chandelier by Il Pezzo Mancante
By Il Pezzo Mancante
Located in Milan, IT
Il Pezzo 12 Long Chandelier evokes an ethereal female figure floating gracefully, carrying light within. Clear solid crystals, illuminated by two LEDs, provide soft ambient lighting ...
Category
2010s Italian Europe - Lighting
Materials
Crystal
Brass Counterweight Pendant Lamp by Florian Schulz, 1970s, Germany
By Florian Schulz
Located in Hagenbach, DE
Brass Counterweight Pendant Lamp by Florian Schulz, 1970s, Germany
Lampshades is in very good vintage condition.
This lamp works with E27 light bulbs.
Wired and suitable to use wi...
Category
1970s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Large Cocoon Ball Pendant by Achille & Pier Giacomo Castiglioni for Flos, 1960s
By Achille & Pier Giacomo Castiglioni, Flos
Located in Frankfurt am Main, DE
Large Mid-Century Modern Cocoon ball pendant lamp by Achille & Pier Giacomo Castiglioni for Flos, designed and manufactured in Italy during the 1960s. With a single bulb holder for a...
Category
Mid-20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Art Deco Havanna Glass & Bronzed Brass Chandelier, Sweden 1930s
By Harald Notini, Arvid Böhlmarks Lampfabrik
Located in NUEMBRECHT, NRW
Swedish Grace Chandelier, 1930s
The light features a distinctive 1930s Swedish design with an elegant brass frame and gracefully curved arms supporting three frosted Havanna glass s...
Category
1930s Swedish Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Fratelli Toso Murine Table Lamp, 1900s
By Fratelli Toso
Located in Saint-Amans-des-Cots, FR
Glass murine and bronze table lamp by Fratelli Toso, Murano, Venice, Italy, 1900s. Glass drops. Measures: Height 13.4" (34cm), width 5.3" (13.4cm), depth 10.6" (27cm). Excellent cond...
Category
Early 1900s Italian Art Nouveau Antique Europe - Lighting
Materials
Bronze
Magnificent Murano Glass Chandelier, 101 Pink Tube Glasses
By Venini
Located in Budapest, HU
Italian vintage chandelier in Murano glass and nickel plated metal structure. The armor polished nickel supports 101 large pink glass tubes in a star shape. Can be used as a chandeli...
Category
Late 20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Art Glass, Murano Glass
Vintage Italian Daphine Classic Table Lamp by Tommaso Cimini for Lumina, 1970s
By Tommaso Cimini
Located in Hamburg, DE
A design classic from Lumina based on a design by Tomasso Cimini from the early 70s.
Thanks to the fine lamp arm, the Daphine appears particularly delicate and elegant. The design i...
Category
20th Century Italian Post-Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Several Mixed Colored Glass Pendant Lights, Germany, 1960s
By OTHR
Located in Rijssen, NL
A collection of beautiful and stylish glass pendant lights made in Germany and Italy around the 1960's. The Doria light is made of yellow clear glass in a bubble shape. The Kaiser li...
Category
1960s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Art Deco Bronze and Alabaster Lamp
Located in NANTES, FR
Art deco lamp circa 1930.
Nickel-plated bronze base and alabaster shell.
In perfect condition and electrified.
Total height: 48 cm
Shell diameter: 20 cm
Weight: 3.5 kg
Category
Mid-20th Century French Art Deco Europe - Lighting
Materials
Alabaster, Bronze
Art Deco Bauhaus Cream Opaline Glass and Brass Pendants, Germany 1930s
Located in NUEMBRECHT, NRW
This elegant minimalist Art Deco pendant was designed and manufactured in Germany in the 1930s to 1940s during the Bauhaus period.
The light features a round cream/ivory colored op...
Category
1930s German Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Pair of Art Deco Wall Sconces in Pewter – Sweden, 1930s
Located in Knivsta, SE
Pair of Art Deco Wall Sconces in Pewter – Sweden, 1930s
A sleek and rare pair of wall sconces in pewter from the 1930s, made in Sweden in true Art Deco style. These sconces feature a clean, geometric design with a highly polished, mirror-like surface that beautifully reflects light.
The folded form and distinctive zigzag detailing in the metal are characteristic of the Art Deco era’s love for symmetry and decorative elegance. The gently curved candle holders...
Category
1930s Swedish Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Pewter
1 of the 3 Rooke Lamps, Custom Silk Lamp Shades by R. Houben
By Bernard Rooke
Located in Rijssen, NL
1 of the 3 ceramic table lamps, from Bernard Rooke, UK, 1970s.
This set brings a rich visual appeal to any interior. With its beautiful shapes, it offers a unique presence.
The bas...
Category
1970s English Brutalist Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Ceramic
Coquete Floor Light
By Project 213A
Located in Macieira de Sarnes, PT
COQUETE FLOOR LIGHT, designed in 2025.
Large artisanal floor light made in Project 213A's own workshop. This piece has a hand-crafted base that is either finished in wood or ceramic...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Oak
Pair of Modern Brass and Murano Glass Grit Sconces
Located in Puglia, Puglia
Pair of Murano glass and brass wire wall lights of modern inspiration, with an elegant aesthetic. Perfect for creating the perfect warm light in any environment. Each wall light is e...
Category
Early 2000s Italian Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Swedish Square Flush Mount Ceiling Lamp in Metal and Fabric, 1970s
Located in Prague, New Town
Swedish square flush mount ceiling lamp, made by a Swedish cabinetmaker, 1970s. Metal, semi-transparent fabric, removable wooden grid. In good original condition.
Dimensions:
Height...
Category
1970s Swedish Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Nadine Table Lamp by Black Tie
By Pier Luigi Frighetto by Black Tie
Located in Milan, IT
An extraordinary ensemble of geometric shapes, this elegant table lamp emits diffused or downward lighting. A classic silhouette revisited in an innovative, contemporary key, it feat...
Category
2010s Italian Europe - Lighting
Materials
Wood
The Flexible Reading Lamp by B.B. for Reschio
By B.B. for Reschio
Located in Milan, IT
A solid brass frame conceived for a safe design distinguishes this reading lamp, its flexible stem allowing for the orientation of the LED light stream easing late-night reading sess...
Category
2010s Italian Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Muller Freres French Art Deco Pendant Chandelier, 1920
By Muller Frères
Located in Saint-Amans-des-Cots, FR
This Art Deco chandelier by Muller Frères (Lunéville), made in France in the 1920s, is a fine example of Art Deco lighting. It features a salmon-colored frosted molded-press glass sh...
Category
1920s French Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Wrought Iron
Large Cocoon ceiling light by Friedel Wauer for GOLDKANT, 1960s
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
Lovely Cocoon lamp from the 1960s. Very impressive. Very nice condition. Socket e27. Dimmable.
Fully functional. Works with 220V and 110V. Wiring is suitable for all countries.
It ...
Category
1960s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Very Large Brown Futuristic Ceramic Floor Lamp 1970s, West Germany, 2 Globed
By RZB Leuchten
Located in Andernach, DE
Absolutely marvellous mid-century design, one-of-a-kind very large ceramic floor lamp in an all unique Western German Fat Lava glaze.
2-sided mirroring lamp with marbled, amber colou...
Category
Mid-20th Century German Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Ceramic, Art Glass
Conic Pair of Sconces by Limburg, 1970s, Germany
By Limburg
Located in Hagenbach, DE
Conic Pair of Sconces by Limburg, 1970s, Germany
Very elegant and minimal design wall lamps
Lamp is in very good condition.
These lamps works with E27 standard light bulbs.
Wired ...
Category
1970s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal, Brass
Square Amber Glass Mid-Century Sconces Flush Mounts
By WILA
Located in Amsterdam, NL
Mid-Century Wall or Ceiling Lamp.
Metal base with amber glass.
1960-1970
Weight: 2.00 kg / 4.4 lb
Priced per individual item. All lamps have been made suitable by international st...
Category
Mid-20th Century German Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Art Deco wood table lamp with fabric shade vienna around 1920s
Located in Wien, AT
Wood shellac polished
Brass polished and stove enameled
The fabric shade is replaced ( new )
Category
1920s Austrian Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Josef Frank Silk Pendant
By Svenskt Tenn, Josef Frank
Located in Vienna, AT
Silk shade, designed by Josef Frank for Firma Svenskt Tenn, Sweden, 1930s-1940s.
new silk shade
Category
1950s Swedish Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Casa Table Light - round
By Project 213A
Located in Macieira de Sarnes, PT
CASA TABLE LIGHT (round), designed in 2023.
Artisanal ceramic light with textured finish, made in Project 213A's own ceramic workshop. Each piece is unique due to its handmade natur...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Ceramic, Clay
1365 Double Green Bow Metal Sconce Light Fixture by Epoca Lampadari
By Epoca Lampadari
Located in Milan, IT
Charming and graceful, this hand-decorated double sconce metal light fixture is joined by a double green metal ribbon tied in a graceful bow around the middle of each lamp. Hand-deco...
Category
2010s Italian Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal, Gold Leaf
Italian Modern Brumbury Table Lamp by Luigi Massoni for Guzzini, Italy 70s
By Luigi Massoni, Guzzini
Located in Lucija, SI
Rare table lamp model Brumbury was designed by Luigi Massoni in the late 60s for Guzzini.
It was produced by Meblo, Yugoslavia, as part of a Guzzini collection, an Italian lighting m...
Category
1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal, Chrome
Art deco table lamps with fabric shades vienna around 1920s
Located in Wien, AT
Art deco table lamps with fabric shades vienna around 1920s
Brass polished and stove enameled
The fabric shades are replaced ( new )
we have a total of 3 of this model not includet i...
Category
1920s Austrian Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Italian Wall Light, Brass and Ivory Lacquer, Stilnovo Style
By Stilnovo
Located in Bochum, NRW
Beautiful adjustable wall light, made of brass and ivory lacquered metal.
Standard delivery in light ivory and polished brass.
Dimensions: 20 x 70 x 15 (32) cm.
Customization availa...
Category
2010s Italian Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal, Brass
French Ceramic Hands Sconces Black White Globe Le Trefle Midcentury c 1950
Located in Firenze, Toscana
Housing 1 light each. These will be rewired with certified UL US sockets for the USA and appropriate sockets for the rest of the world. Original black ceramic hands with white globe...
Category
1950s French Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Ceramic, Glass
Murano Glass Chandelier Designed by Kalmar, Germany, 1960s
By Kalmar Lighting
Located in Aachen, NRW
A stunning Murano smoked glass chandelier designed by Kalmar , Austria manufactured in the 1960s.
The chandelier is composed of 4 thick Murano glass elements attached to a metal fram...
Category
1960s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Solbackens Svarveri Dark Stained Wall Lights, 1970s
By Luxus of Sweden, Ateljé Lyktan, Markslöjd, Solbackens Svarveri, Uno Kristiansson
Located in Copenhagen, DK
Pair of lacquered pine wood wall lights produced by Solbackens Svarveri in Sweden in the 1970s. Warm dark brown wooden lamps with original sand beige colored textile tapered drum sha...
Category
1970s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Textile, Pine
Castiglioni Large Viscontea Style Cocoon Italian Pendant Light
By Achille & Pier Giacomo Castiglioni
Located in Roma, IT
Gorgeous large "Viscontea" style cocoon pendant in fabulous conditions. This charming chandelier was designed by Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni and produced Italy.
In pristin...
Category
Early 2000s Italian Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal, Steel
ASEA mid century chandelier pendant lamp, brass, oak & glass, Sweden, 1950s
By ASEA
Located in Forserum, SE
A modernist chandelier produced by the Swedish lighting manufacturer ASEA Belysning in the 1950s. Crafted from solid oak and brass, it features three curved arms holding white glass ...
Category
1950s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Italian Fifteen-Light Chandelier In Gilded Iron And Crystals 1950s
Located in Milano, MI
Gilded Iron And Crystal Chandelier 15 lights on two tiers high, ten lower arms plus five lights arranged at the top, curved arms with double scrollwork, dates from the 1950s and is i...
Category
Mid-20th Century Italian Hollywood Regency Europe - Lighting
Materials
Crystal, Iron
Mid-20th Century Venetian Chandelier, Murano, 1980s
By Barovier&Toso
Located in Budapest, HU
Murano glass chandelier. Hand made in Murano. It made by 58 Murano crystal glasses in a gold metal frame. The chandelier has also a Murano glass ball in the end of the lamp. Murano b...
Category
1970s Italian Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Austrian Mid-Century "Citrus" Murano Glass Wall Sconce by Kalmar, 1970s
By Kalmar Lighting, J.T. Kalmar
Located in Badajoz, Badajoz
Beauty and pretty Austrian Mid-Century "Kalmar" Wall Sconce, model "Citrus" 4663/2. This Sconce was designed and manufactured during the 1970s in Austria by Kalmar Franken KG. Excell...
Category
1970s Austrian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal, Brass
Extra Large Sunburst Chandelier / Light Fixture in Gilt Iron, Spain 1940s
Located in Barcelona, ES
One of a kind extra large (31,5 inches ) gilt sunburst light fixture in wrought iron. Spain, 1940s.
This monumental triple layered ceiling flush mount was entirely made in hand-forge...
Category
20th Century Spanish Art Deco Europe - Lighting
Materials
Iron, Gold Leaf, Wrought Iron
Barovier & Toso Wall Lighting Glass Murano Pair , Italy, 1980
By Barovier&Toso, Barovier
Located in La xara, VC
Exceptional Barovier & Toso wall lighting glass Murano with metal structure. The Design and the quality of the glass make this piece the best of the italian Design.
Beautiful unique...
Category
1980s Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
1 of the 3 Rooke Lamps, Custom Silk Lamp Shades by R. Houben
By Bernard Rooke
Located in Rijssen, NL
1 of the 3 ceramic table lamps, from Bernard Rooke, UK, 1970s.
This set brings a rich visual appeal to any interior. With its beautiful shapes, it offers a unique presence.
The bas...
Category
1970s English Brutalist Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Ceramic
'Onos 55' Brass Pendant Lamp by Florian Schulz, 1970s Germany
By Florian Schulz
Located in Hagenbach, DE
Designed by Florian Schulz and crafted in Germany in the 1970s, this pendant light captivates with its elegant and functional design. Its sleek, minimalist aesthetic reflects the era...
Category
1970s German Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Pair of Big Modern Italian Murano Glass and Brass Sconces
Located in Puglia, Puglia
Beautiful lamps in Murano glass and brass, structured glass, made even more beautiful by the polished brass base. The wall lamps are composed of a brass structure that is fixed to th...
Category
Early 2000s Italian Mid-Century Modern Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Rarest Arts & Crafts Beveled Glass & Brass Pendant Light Lantern w. Unique Chain
Located in Lisse, NL
Handcrafted, beveled glass holding lantern with the original and unique triangle elements chain.
If you are looking for the best and the rarest when it comes to European Arts and Cr...
Category
Early 20th Century European Aesthetic Movement Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass, Wire
Vintage Industrial Holophane Prismatic Glass Pendant Light. 1920
By Holophane
Located in London, GB
Beautifully formed glass pendant light made in England by Holophane. c.1920
Prismatic glass shade with Holophane stamp to the rim of the shade and elegant French brass gallery.
Rew...
Category
1920s English Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Il Pezzo 12 10-Pendants Satin Brass Staggered Chandelier by Il Pezzo Mancante
By Il Pezzo Mancante
Located in Milan, IT
Refined and seductive, Il Pezzo 12 Staggered Chandelier evokes the image of female figures carrying light within. Tapered brass stems house precious crystal diffusers with integrated...
Category
2010s Italian Europe - Lighting
Materials
Brass
Square Table Lamp by Just Andersen, 1930s, Denmark
By Just Andersen
Located in Værløse, DK
Timeless no. 1859 Just Andersen Table Lamps made in 1936.
* Square metal desk lamp with vertical lines and white fabric shade
* Designer: Just Andersen
* Model: 1859
* Year: 1936
* ...
Category
1930s Danish Art Deco Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Metal
Veca Wall Lighting Pair of blue Glass , Italy 1960
By VECA
Located in La xara, VC
Superb pair of wall lighting by VECA with leaves glass with structure.
The Design and the quality of the glass make this piece the best of the italian Design.
This superb wall light...
Category
1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Europe - Lighting
Materials
Glass
Read More
This Paavo Tynell Chandelier Is a Radiant Bouquet
The alluring pendant light exemplifies the designer’s winsome mid-career work.
Ettore Sottsass Captures a Shooting Star in This Rare 1970s Floor Lamp
Before founding the Memphis Group, Sottsass bent the rules of lighting design with the wonderfully wavy Cometa.
You Don’t Need a Fictional Fairy to Get This Real Pinocchio Lamp
Warm chalet style meets cool Bauhaus functionality in Pietro Cascella’s cleverly carved creation.
Why Is Italy Such a Hotbed of Cool Design?
Patrizio Chiarparini of Brooklyn’s Duplex gallery sheds light on the lasting legacy of Italy’s postwar furniture boom.
With a High-Tech Flagship and Cool Collabs, Lladró Is Breaking the Mold for Porcelain Production
Thanks to its new leadership, the Spanish maker of figurines, busts and lighting is on a mission to update the art of porcelain for the 21st century.
Christopher Tennant’s Lamps and Dioramas Evoke Sunny Days and Seaside Locales
The former magazine editor blends elements of the Far East and America’s eastern shores, bringing wit and delight to his handmade, upcycled designs.
Paavo Tynell’s Snowflake Chandelier Warms Up Any Room
This circa 1950 piece by the legendary Finnish lighting designer spent the past several decades in a family's home in Michigan.
NASA Parachutes Inspired Lighting Designer Bec Brittain’s New Collection
In "Paraciphers," now on view at Emma Scully Gallery in New York, Brittain introduces works that were more than a decade in the making.