17th Century Figurative Paintings

The painting is about the Florentine school and a seventeenth-century Italian school. Oil on canvas After Lorenzo Lippi (1606–1665) who was a prominent Florentine Baroque painter a...

Archery is a beautiful oil on canvas realized by an anonymous French artist of the end of XVIII century and the beginning of XIX century. This marvelous genre scene is very detailed...

Cesare Pronti (Cattolica, Italy, 1626 - Ravenna, Italy, 1708) Title: Martyrdom of Saint Agatha Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: Without frame 57.7 x 37 cm – with frame 64 x 42.7 x 3...

Along the road, we see several travelers: some are walking at a leisurely pace, others are engaged in animated conversations. At the top of one mountain, a small castle stands proudl...

The figure of the Magdalene emerges from the darkness, leaning to follow the curve of the stone support; it is depicted vaulted with an interrogative air towards the dark, as if in an attitude of listening, the left hand raised and the other leaning on the "memento mori" very shortened. In front of her a scourge and the jar of ointment. Painted en pendant, Saint John the Baptist is depicted as a young man, with a lamb at his feet, in his hand the processional cross with the banner "exception agnus dei", while with his right hand he draws from the source of water, recalling the episode that will see Jesus Christ baptized. In both paintings the figures stand out in a strong and incisive way thanks to the black that characterizes the slate plate on which they are depicted. Historical-critical analysis: We are faced with two examples of oil painting on stone. The beginnings of this particular technique are to be placed in the first half of the sixteenth century: after some fifteenth-century experiments it is with Sebastiano del Piombo that the genre takes hold in the sixteenth century. There were different types of support used, also linked to their availability: amethyst, marble in various colors, alabaster and blackboard. The reasons underlying this technical choice refer to Renaissance artistic theories: it is no coincidence that the painter who most often experimented with oil painting on marble...

Born in Antwerp, Artus Wolffordt received his training in Dordrecht where he became a master in 1603 at the age of twenty-two. He returned to his native city in 1615 and initially worked as an assistant to Otto van Veen...

Livio Mehus (Oudenaarde, Belgium, 1630 - Florence, Italy, 1691) Title: Allegory of Augustinian Order Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: without frame 94 x 98 cm - with frame 116 x 143...

This Flemish Baroque art by David Teniers the Younger’s is a captivating masterpiece, “Tavern Gathering,” painted in 1646. Renowned as the preeminent Flemish genre painter of his tim...

Already in the collection of Emperor Rudolf II in the first decade of the 17th century this composition was famous. The original is by Parmigianino and Rudolf's court painter Joseph Heintz...

Louis Cretey (Lyon, France, 1635 - 1702) Title: Saint Sebastian Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: with frame 91 x 75 x 5 cm - without frame 77 x 60.5 cm With a "cassetta" frame in ...

Domenico Maria Canuti (Bologna 1626 - 1684) Title: Toilet of Venus with Cupids and Satyrs Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: without frame 79 x 98 cm - ...

Giulio Carpioni (Venice 1613 - Vicenza 1678) - Madonna and Child with Saints Joseph, Francis, Dominic and Anthony of Padua. 61 x 37.5 cm. Oil painting on canvas, unframed (not sign...

Here Gaspard Dughet offers us an idyllic vision of the Roman countryside. The stages follow one another in a perfectly structured composition, revealing here a lake, there travellers walking along, gradually leading our eye to the blue horizon. But behind its classical composition, this landscape is particularly interesting because of three anthropomorphic details that the artist has hidden, opening the way to a radically different interpretation... 1. Gaspard Dughet, a landscape artist in the light of Poussin Gaspard Dughet was born on June 4th, 1615 in Rome where his father, of French origin, was a pastry cook. He was probably named Gaspard in honour of his godfather Baron Gaspard de Morant, who was, or may have been, his father's employer. His older sister Jeanne married the painter Nicolas Poussin (1594 - 1655) on September 1st, 1630. The young Gaspard was apprenticed with his brother-in-law at the beginning of 1631, which led his entourage to name him Gaspard Poussin. The first preserved works of the painter date from the years 1633-1634 and were painted in Poussin’s studio. Around 1635, Gaspard Dughet became emancipated and began to frequent the Bamboccianti circle. In 1636, he became friends with the painter Jean Miel (1599 - 1656), but also with Pier Francesco Mola (1612 - 1666) and Pietro da Cortona (1596 - 1669). This was also the time of his first trips throughout Italy. The painter, although of French origin, appears never to have visited France. In 1646 he settled permanently in Rome. A recognized painter with a solid book of orders, he remained faithful to landscape painting throughout his life, alternating between cabinet paintings and large decorative commissions, using both oil and fresco. Nailed to his bed by rheumatic fever at the age of 58, he died on May 25, 1675. 2. Discovering an idealized landscape Beyond a relatively dark foreground that takes us into the landscape, we discover a vast bluish horizon: a plateau surrounded by deep ravines advances to the right, overhanging an expanse of water that sparkles below. A road winds through a mountainous mass as if leading us to the fortress that crowns it; another town appears in the distance at the foot of three conical mountains. The composition is rigorous, mineral, and structured by geometric volumes. The various stages in the landscape lead one to the next attracting the eye towards the horizon located in the middle of the canvas. The general impression is that of a welcoming and serene nature. In many places the paint layer has shrunk, or become transparent, revealing the dark red preparation with which the canvas was covered and accentuating the contrasts. Human presence is limited to three jack players, leaning against a mound in the foreground. Their long garments, which may evoke Roman togas, contribute to the timelessness of the scene. Close examination of the canvas reveals two other travellers on the path winding between the rocks. Made tiny by the distance, their introduction in the middle register, typical of Dughet's art, lengthens the perspective. While it is difficult to date the work of a painter who devoted his entire life to the representation of landscapes, it is certain that this painting is a work from his later years. The trees that occupied the foreground of his youthful compositions have been relegated to the sides, a stretch of water separates us from the arid mountains counterbalanced by two trees represented on the opposite bank. The introduction of this stretch of water in the middle of the landscape betrays the influence of the Bolognese and in particular of the Dominiquin (1581 - 1641) A number of similarities with a drawing in the British Museum might suggest a date around 1656-1657, since, according to Marie-Nicole Boisclair , it has been compared with the Prado's Landscape with the Repentant Magdalene, painted at that period. 3. Three amazing anthropomorphic details While some late Renaissance landscapes offer a radical double reading, allowing one to see both a face or a human body behind the representation of a landscape, it seems interesting to us to hypothesize that Gaspard Dughet had fun here by slipping in a few details that, taken in isolation, evoke human or animal figures. We will give three examples, looking closely at a cloud, the trunk of a broken tree and the top of a cliff. The main cloud could thus evoke a Christ-like face or that of an antique god...

Follower of Dirck van Berghen (Dutch School, 17th Century) Pastoral Landscape with a Shepherdess and Livestock Oil on canvas, framed in a French Empire period gilt frame canvas dimensions: 18 x 22 inches framed dimensions: 22.5 x 26 inches This charming pastoral scene, rendered in oil on canvas, is attributed to a follower of the 17th-century Dutch painter Dirck van Berghen, who was known for his bucolic landscapes featuring cattle and rural life. The composition reflects the influence of van Berghen’s mentor, Adriaen van de Velde...

Hendrick van Somer o Someren o de Somer (Lokeren, Belgium, 1607 - Naples, Italy, 1656) Title: Saint Jerome Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: without frame 91 x 72 cm - with frame 108...

The painting, oil on canvas 95 x 137 unframed, depicts a bacchanal: on the left we see a figure who, from the detail of the paw seems to be a satyr, intent on raising a bowl forerunn...

Oil painting on canvas. Northern Italian school of the 17th-18th century. The work of a devotional nature, sees the Madonna, seated on the clouds and assisted by two angels who suppo...

Mocking of Christ, with all around in grisaille: the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, God the Father, Mankind after the Fall,; in the corners the four evangelists. J. Dijkstra ao, cat. The paintings of Museum Catharijneconvent, Utrecht (Museum Catharijneconvent) 2002, p. 196, pict., as Frans Francken...

Jan Brueghel the Younger (1601-1678) & Hendrick van Balen (Antwerp, 1575 - 1632) Antique copy taken from a painting by Bacchanal with Ceres, Bacchus and Venus Oil on canvas in gil...

Il Mercato a Piazza del Popolo è opera del pittore olandese Jacob van Huchtenburgh, nato a Haarlem e presente, nel corso dei primi anni Sessanta del Seicento, a Roma, a stretto conta...

This exquisite 19th Century Old Master Oil painting depicts Zeus enshrouded and Ganymede, the most beautiful of mortals and a her...

A very fine Italian 17th century oval oil on canvas "Head of Christ Crowned with Thorns" Circle of Pierre Mignard (French, 1612-1695) within...

Oil on original canvas Image size: 78 1/4 x 44 inches (199 x 112 cm) Contemporary style frame Provenance Sir Rowland Cotton, 1608 Family Descent Private Collection Sir Rowland Cot...

Paulus Bor (Amersfoort, Netherlands, 1605 - 1669) Title: Heraclitus and Democritus Medium: Oil on panel Dimensions: without frame 56 x 46 cm - with frame 77 x 67 cm "Cassetta" frame ...

Francesco Montelatici called Cecco Bravo (Florence, November 15, 1601 - Innsbruck, December 1661), attr. Dressing of a knight before battle Oil on slate, 48 x 47 cm Framed, 60 x 5...

Unidentified Dutch Artist (17th Century) "Figures and Horses by a Country Tavern" (1618) Oil on canvas Framed: 69 x 82 cm Canvas: 52 x 64 cm No signatured This exquisite 17th-century Dutch painting masterfully depicts a bustling village scene with figures and horses gathered outside a country tavern. The composition is rich in detail, featuring travelers, merchants, and townspeople engaging in lively interactions, while a Dutch flag waves above the rustic inn, reinforcing the national identity of the scene. Executed in oil on canvas, the painting showcases warm earthy tones and delicate use of light and shadow, capturing the golden glow of a late afternoon or early evening setting. The finely rendered architecture, expressive figures, and atmospheric depth are reminiscent of the works of Isaac van Ostade, Jan Steen, or Adriaen van de Velde...

Hero And Leander, 17th Century Studio of DAVID II TENIERS (1610-1690) Large 17th century Dutch Old Master classical scene of Hero and Leander, oil on canvas. Excellent quality an...

Antique Italian painting from the 17th century. Painting oil on canvas depicting a religious subject Saint Bartholomew of excellent pictorial quality. Painting of beautiful size and ...

Painting oil on canvas measuring 80 x 62 cm without frame and 105 x 82 cm with a contemporary frame by the painter Ernest daret, depicting the myth of Diana and Actaeon. According t...

Giovanni Camillo Sagrestani (Florence 1660 - Florence 1731) circle of - San Girolamo. 96 x 72 cm unframed, 112 x 88 cm with frame. Antique oil painting on canvas, in a carved and g...

Attributed to Pier Francesco MOLA, called Il TICINESE (1612-1666) Rest on the Flight into Egypt oil on canvas 25.5 x 27 inches including ...

The Triumph of the Infant Bacchus, Workshop of Hendrick Van Balen (1575-1632) Antwerp, c.1630 Oil on copper, h. 28 cm (11.02 in), w. 35 cm (13.78 in) A large Roman 17th century golden painted frame Framed: h. 52 cm (20.47 in.), w. 58 cm (22.83 in) Our finely painted work depicts The Triumph of the Bacchus as a young boy and is one of the most popular mythological subjects in Antwerp at the beginning of the 17th century. Feasting, wine and fun are the themes that constantly appeal to the public. Thus unfolds before our eyes on our painting the procession composed of nymphs, baccantes, fauns, satyrs and children, their bodies naked, partially covered with brightly coloured draperies that help to brighten up the parade. Playing various instruments, dancing and drinking, while carrying vases and poles adorned with grapevines, participants to the rhythm of a noisy brass band make their way to an ancient temple standing on the right. The exaggerated gestures convey to us the frenzy of the excited crowd. The Child Bacchus follows the joyous procession, carried by satyrs and nymphs, crowned with ivy and joyfully raising a cup of wine. In the foreground, the drunken participants leave the procession, the children on the left and the group of bacchantes and satyrs on the right are resting among various objects scattered at their feet: cups, vases, ewers bear witness to the festivities in progress. In the background, a hilly landscape stretches out on the horizon, a semblance of calm that contrasts with the bustle of the foreground. The artist strives to multiply the many details, whether it be figures, costumes, flowers or vegetation, in order to demonstrate his know-how and the perfection of his execution. The acidulous palette with fresh and varied colours is characteristic of Hendrick Van Balen's works. There are several versions identical to ours with similar dimensions painted by Hendrick Van Balen and his workshop. Related works: • Koller Auction, Zurich, 21/09/2007, oil on copper, 28,5 x 37,4 cm. • Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe, Inv. N° 809 (oil on copper, 40 x 53,5 cm) • Auktionshaus für Altertümer Glückselig, Vienne, 10/05/1932, ( oil on copper, 34 x 42 cm) • Gemäldegalerie of Pommersfelden, Schloss Weissenstein, oil on panel, 47 x 64 cm Hendrick Van Balen, Flemish painter, born and died in Antwerp (1575-1632). A pupil of Adam Van Noort, he entered the Guild of St. Luke in 1593, later trained in Italy and was Van Dyck's first teacher. He often painted small figures taken from scenes from the Bible or classical mythology, on paintings whose backgrounds and landscapes were painted by Josse de Momper...

Giuseppe Nuvolone (Milan, 1619 – 1703) Title: Adoration of the Magi Medium: Oil on paper applied to canvas Dimensions: without frame 16.5 x 24 cm – with frame 22 x 29 cm Antique sha...

Louis de Caullery (1582-1621) Antwerp School early 17th century Oil on oak panel Dimensions: h. 51 cm (20.08 in), w. 43 cm (16.93 in) Ebonized wooden frame Framed: h. 67 cm (26.38 in...

Oil on Canvas. Northern-Italian school of the 17th-18th centuries. The widely known biblical scene of the quarrel between the two brothers, sons of Adam and Eve, which later results ...

Juan Alfonso Abril (active in the 17th century in Valladolid, Spain) Title: Head of Saint Paul Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: without frame 48.5 x 62 ...

Imas Coat Of Arms, Innes Clan, Sir Robert Innes, 17th Century Scottish School 17th Century Scottish Imas Coat Of Arms to the Innes Clan, oil on canvas laid down. Early Innes clan c...

Allegory of summer, personified by Ceres Workshop of Hendrick Van Balen Antwerp School, early 17th century. Oil on copper, Dimensions: h. 52 cm, l. 40cm Antic giltwood frame Framed dimensions: h. 74 cm, l. 60cm Very good condition Our delicately painted work is part of the pictorial tradition that is both allegorical and mythological in vogue in Antwerp, whose leaders are Jan Brueghel the Younger and Hendrick Van Balen. Numerous works emerging from their workshops illustrate mythological subjects, the seasons, the elements, the senses or intertwining the lush landscapes, animals and gods of Olympus. At the heart of a green landscape dominated in its center by a generous apple tree, the beautiful Ceres, partially dressed in a large blue drape, is wearing a crown of ears of wheat, her symbol of the goddess of the earth and harvests. She holds the sickle in her right hand and carries sheaves of wheat. To her right a nymph holds the cornucopia while puttis pick and offer flowers. In the foreground are the summer fruits: figs, cherries, apples and lemons. A squirrel munching on cherries symbolizes toil and foresight, themes that are echoed in the work of the harvesters on the wheat fields in the background. The background is composed of vegetation, on the right a wild rose bush with its branches erect against a tree trunk, in the center of the trees with silvery green foliage. Our painter, a student of Hendrick Van Balen, finds his inspiration in the works of the master such as this nymph in yellow drapery seen from behind, one of the figures which accompanies many of the master's paintings. The elegant gestures, the flesh...The indisputable influence of Jan Brueghel the Younger is revealed in the treatment of trees and flowers, wild roses, tulips as well as in the still life with the squirrel in the foreground. The craze for this type of virtuoso painting where the mythological figures are only a pretext to better illustrate the landscape and plant species surrounding them, then generated orders from all over Europe. Hendrick Van Balen, Flemish painter, born and died in Antwerp (1575-1632). A student of Adam Van Noort, he entered the guild of Saint-Luc in 1593, later trained in Italy and was Van Dyck's first master. He often painted small characters taken from scenes from the Bible or classical mythology, on paintings in which Josse de Momper...

Oil painting on canvas. Lombard school of the seventeenth century. The large scene presents in the center the seated Madonna proposing her breast to the Baby Jesus, who instead stretches out to try to pick a fruit from the basket that St. John gives him, standing under them; around, five figures of saints, recognizable by their iconographic attributes. From the left you have: St. Paul, holding the sword, St. Anna, lovingly watching over his daughter and grandson, St. Peter holding the keys to the Kingdom, St. Joseph with his stick and a carpenter's tool at his waist , and finally, last on the right, San Carlo Borromeo...

Oil on Canvas. Roman school of the 17th century. The large scene depicts the famous episode somewhere between real history and legend, first recounted by Titus Livius in his "Ab urb...

This painting (oil on paper applied to wood panel, 18 x 12, 5 cm) is a valuable example of the production of small-format works, thus aimed at a private audience, which was very comm...

Circle of Teniers, Peasants in a Landscape passing by a river and an Inn.

Workshop / Circle of Philips Wouwerman (1619-1668) Landscape with Gentleman on Horseback and Peasant Woman Receiving Alms oil on oak panel 12.40 x 14.17 inches (31.5 x 36 cm) wit...

Abraham van CUYLENBROCH (1620-1658) Diana With Her Attendants in a Grotto 1651 signed oil on panel 12.2 in x 15.7 inches, inc. frame; 31 x 40 cm Provenance: Sale of Sotheby's Lo...

Antique Flemish panel from the first half of the 17th century. Oil painting depicting a splendid Madonna with child inside a niche surrounded by a garland of masterfully painted flow...

Painting, oil on canvas, with dimensions of 105 x 120 cm without frame and 125 x 140 with a beautiful carved frame depicting the 'allegory of charity and love with a woman with three...

Beautiful original frame in carved and gilded wood. Oral expertise by Prof. Enrico Maria Dal Pozzolo.

olio su tela, 62 x 51 cm (senza cornice) Il dipinto è stato per lungo attribuito alla mano di Francesco Gessi, allievo di Guido Reni, come riporta un'iscrizione a matita datata 1945...

Frans Wouters was a Flemish Baroque painter who mainly created smaller cabinet pieces. He was initially apprenticed to Pieter van Avont in Antwerp, but then moved to Rubens‘ worksho...

Luca Cattapane (Cremona, 1597-1620), attr. Adoration of the Shepherds Oil on canvas, 110 x 90 cm - with frame 129 x 101 cm Ascribed to the Lombard school of the late 16th century,...

Oil on canvas. Mittel-European School. There is a No.S monogram on the back and numbers probably from an inventory. The painting reminds of pieces from the Austrian area. It represen...

Painting oil on canvas depicting the myth of Diana and Actaeon measuring 110 x 130 without frame and 120 x 140 with frame by the painter Francesco Solimena. According to the myth, d...

Oil on Canvas. Roman school of the second half of the 17th century. The scene recounts an episode in the love affair between the queen of Egypt and the Roman triumvir Antony: Cleopat...

Allegorical Mythological Scene Unidentified Artist 17th–18th Century Oil on canvas Framed: 152 x 196 cm Canvas: 131 x 178 cm No signatured Description This masterfully executed B...

Rest during the Flight into Egypt - The Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist and the angels in a Landscape. Attributed to Pieter Van Avont (1600-1652) 17th century Antwerp School, circa 1630 Oil on oak panel, Dimensions: h. 38 cm, w. 50 cm (14.96 in x 19.68 in) Flemish style frame in ebonized and moulded wood Framed: h. 56 cm, w. 68.5 cm (22.04 in. x 26.97 in.) In the heart of a lush wooded landscape, the Virgin with Jesus rests in a green clearing accompanied by Saint John the Baptist and the cherubs. Seated to the left of the composition, the Virgin Mary holds the Child on her lap; the little Saint John the Baptist wearing the camel-skin tunic (his attribute) stands before Jesus to exchange a few caresses. On the right, the couple of cherubs are playing with the lamb of Saint John the Baptist, bringing a jovial character to the scene. A pair of gardening putti on the left pick flowers to bring bouquets to the Virgin and Jesus. Spring flowers such as tulips, daffodils and anemones that grow abundantly around them and enrich the composition with their shimmering colors. A lush rose bush blooms to the left of the figures offering delicate roses. (The rose is the flower associated with the Virgin Mary, who is the "mystical rose," the one that does not bear the "thorn of sin") At the feet of the Virgin are bunches of grapes (symbol of the future passion of Christ) as well as apples (symbol of the original fall of Man but also of the Redemption in Christ) In the foreground we find a wicker basket filled in profusion with beautiful flowers and guinea pigs nibbling on the blades of grass. In a cleverly arranged disorder, these elements of the still life with their strong symbolic power accentuate the religious theme, but are also an opportunity for the artist to demonstrate his know-how in the still life genre that is gaining momentum in Antwerp. The landscape behind the figures consists of a large tree with a twisted trunk and a luminous opening to the horizon placed on the right. We see Saint Joseph arriving with a donkey, a small reminder from the artist that the composition is associated with the episode of Rest during the flight into Egypt. The calm expanse of this bucolic forest opening onto the luminous distance, with its profusion of symbolic flowers and fruits, is particularly suited to this sacred scene. The theme of Jesus' sacrifice and his tragic fate is mitigated by cherubs who play with innocence and carelessness in the face of the fragility of life symbolized by cut flowers. The great mastery of the painter is manifested by the finesse of the drawing enhanced by the delicacy in the application of the brushstrokes bringing a multitude of details. The richness of the whole is exacerbated thanks to the choice of colours, this varied palette is an undeniable asset of our work. The virtuosity of our artist lies in his versatility, as much concerned with the success of the landscape and flowers as with the modelling of his figures. The cherubs with their naked bodies are gracefully illuminated by warm colours with subtle shadows, while the still life is rendered with astonishing realism, both in the precision of the drawing and in the countless shades of the flowers. There are several compositions similar to ours, of which below are the closest versions: • Sale, Jean-Claude Anaf et Associés, Lyon, 08/02/1998, attributed to Pieter Van Avont, oil on panel, h. 48 cm, l. 71 cm (recorded on RKD n° 31451). Comment: identical composition, only St Joseph with the donkey is different) • Christie's New York sale, 29/01/1998, Pieter Van Avont, oil on copper, h. 23.8 cm, w. 24.8 cm • Dorotheum sale, Vienna, 25/04/2017, Pieter Van Avont and Jan Breughel II, oil on copper, h .26 cm, w. 39 cm • Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Pieter Van Avont, oil on panel, h. 50.5 cm, w. 71.7 cm Peter van Avont, Flemish painter (Mechelen, 1600 - Antwerp. 1652) Born in Mechelen, he is mentioned in 1620 as a member of the painters' guild of his hometown. He left in 1 622 for Antwerp, where he was also a member of the guild. He collaborated with many painters, including Jan Brueguel the Younger, David Vinckboons, Lucas van Uden...

Idyllic landscape with myhological story of Cephalus and Procris Early 17th century Italian school Workshop Of Paul Bril (Antwerp, 1554 - Roma, 1626) Oil on poplar panel: H. 28 cm (1...

Giulio Carpioni (Venice 1613 - Vicenza 1678) workshop of - Moses makes water flow from the rocks. 82 x 68 cm without frame, 97 x 83 cm with frame. Oil on canvas, in wooden frame (n...

The Rape of Europa By Peter Sion (Antwerp, 1624-1695) Signed in the lower right corner P. Sion 17th century Antwerp School Oil on copper, dim. h. 53 cm, w. 45 cm Moulded and ebonized...

The Holy Family with the Infant Saint John the Baptist - Bolognese School, 17th century Attribution: Attributable to Francesco Brizio (Bologna, 1574-1623) Medium: Oil on canvas Dimen...

Portrait of Francisco de Reynoso y Baeza.   Secretary of Pope Pius V, abbot of Husillos and bishop of Córdoba. Francisci de Reynoso. Early 17th century. Small-format portrait from the late Renaissance period. Spanish school. Size: Cm 19 x Cm 13.5 Oil on wooden panel. On the back the fine tablet is strengthened (already in ancient times) by a sheet of parchment. About 1600-1610. As often in Mannerist / Late Renaissance portraits, the image of the character is accompanied by the writing that runs at the top, adding a celebratory, historicising touch to the effigy. Let's bring back the sentence here: DON FRANCISCO DE REINOSO. CAMARERO SECRETO IESCALCO PIO QUINTO OBISCOPO CORDOBA. 68 (? O 7?) (1534, Autillo de Campos, Spain - 1601, Córdoba) Francisco de Reynoso was a Spanish cleric, chief chamberlain, and secretary to Pope Pius V, abbot of Husillos, and bishop of Córdoba. He was the fourth of eleven children. His father was the seventh Lord of Autillo de Campos, and his mother was Juana de Baeza y de las Casas, daughter of Manuel de Baeza, a lawyer of the Royal Council and at the Court of Valladolid. Francisco de Reynoso was deeply devoted to the Virgin Mary and showed a strong inclination toward religion and piety from an early age. He studied Latin, arts, and theology at the University of Salamanca. In 1562, he traveled to Rome with his brothers Pedro and Luis. In January 1566, following the death of Pope Pius IV, Cardinal Antonio Michele Ghislieri was elected pope, becoming Pius V. From this period until Ghislieri's death in 1572, Francisco de Reynoso served as his chief chamberlain and secretary. After Pope Pius V died, Francisco de Reynoso returned to Spain and lived for several years in the city of Palencia, where his brother Manuel was a canon. He supported the Society of Jesus when it was established in Palencia, providing alms to the school's clergy and funding chairs of Letters and Theology at his own expense, as well as donating a significant number of books. During the brief outbreak of the Black Plague...