Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
to
322
1,427
2,618
1,885
638
476
313
Height
to
Width
to
394
169
69
20
13
5
1
3
4
469
951
8
138
277
4
1
2
34
63
126
56
42
435
309
296
291
235
1,215
268
252
201
73
1,427
1,130
1,314
67
28
23
20
19
Item Ships From: Continental Europe
Ramon Horts Minimalist Contemporary Artwork N4
By Ramon
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Ramon Horts, Minimalist artwork.
Structures of metal compositions made in Barcelona, circa 2019.
In original condition.
Scraped metal, rusted and varnished.
Category
2010s Spanish Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Metal
"La Liberté Guidant Le Peuple" Copy Printed on Canvas, Handmade in Italy, 2021
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a Craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas, Acrylic
Exhibition Poster, 1968
By Pablo Picasso
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Exhibition poster for Pablo Picaso, 1968.
Poster of his exhibition on the Gallery "Sala Gaspar" in Barcelona.
In good original condition.
Pab...
Category
1960s Spanish Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
"An instant sudden", 2021 Wall Home Decor, Handmade in Italy, Silver Fucsia Ldt.
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Marble
Alexander Calder - Fish and pyramids
By Alexander Calder
Located in PAU, FR
Lithograph signed and numbered "fish And pyramids" by Alexander Calder 1976
Edition of 150 copies Perfect condition
Category
1970s American Post-Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Tejo Handmade Decorative Tile Panel
By Theia Tiles
Located in Lisbon, PT
This handmade decorative tile panel combines the traditional Portuguese faience tile making techniques with a modern approach of shapes and color, res...
Category
2010s Portuguese Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Faience, Wood
Monumental Mirror Tafla IQ by Zieta Prozessdesign in Stainless Steel
By Zieta, Oskar Zieta
Located in Paris, IDF
"Tafla IQ" contemporary mirror by Zieta
(Sold individually)
Stainless steel
Measures: 295 x 50 x 6 cm.
Zieta is best known for his collection of stools “Plopp” made through the te...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Polish Organic Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Stainless Steel
Contemporary "Picture Black Fuchsia", All Pieces Numbered, Handmade in Italy
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Polyester, Wood
Contemporary "Picture White & Blue", All Pieces Numbered, Handmade in Italy
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Polyester, Wood
"Marilyn Monroe", Contemporary Work, Oil on Canvas, Handmade in Italy, 2021
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas, Acrylic
Contemporary "Picture White Gold XL", All Pieces Numbered, Handmade in Italy
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Polyester, Wood
Contemporary "Picture Black Fuchsia XL", All Pieces Numbered, Handmade in Italy
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Polyester, Wood
"Lady with an Ermine", Contemporary work, Oil on Canvas, Handmade in Italy 2021
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas, Acrylic
Claudio Verna Signed and Certified Pastel on Paper
By Claudio Verna
Located in Roma, IT
Claudio Verna pastel on paper signed and dated 1980 registered and certified by the Claudio Verna Archive.
This artwork, never before on the market, comes from a private collection ...
Category
1980s Italian Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Daniel Senise Screenprint on Aluminum Plate, 2013
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Daniel Senise artwork made in 2013.
Screenprint on aluminium plate.
Title, ST 1.
Edition of 20.
Category
2010s Spanish Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
"A Circle of Light" 2019-20 Tempera & Acrylic on Paper by Alessandro Roma
Located in Firenze, Tuscany
Unique and published work of art by Museo Ettore Fico in Turin in 2023. This Tempera & Acrylic on Paper, 2019-20 (29,5 x 42 H cm.) by Alessandro Roma is part of the aforementioned So...
Category
2010s Italian Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Contemporary Modern Abstract Acrylic Painting on Wood Framed White Black Red
By Felix Bachmann
Located in Berlin, DE
This painting has heavily textured acrylics in multicolored on wood.
The artist created the piece using multiple techniques like palet knife, brush and pencil.
The series is call...
Category
2010s German Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Wood, Plywood
Contemporary Abstract Multicolored Painting by Felix Bachmann, 2016
By Felix Bachmann
Located in Berlin, DE
Felix Bachmann's contemporary abstract multicolored painting, set in a shadow frame, is a vibrant celebration of color and form. The artwork showcases bold, expressive brushstrokes a...
Category
2010s German Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Plywood, Paint
"An instant sudden", 2021, Wall Home Decor, Handmade in Italy, Gold & Black Ldt
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Marble
Contemporary "Picture Pink & Black XL", All Pieces Numbered, Handmade in Italy
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Polyester, Wood
Abstract Oil on Canvas Painting by Bertil Berntsson, Sweden, 1960s
By Bertil Berntsson
Located in Stockholm, SE
Rare abstract oil on canvas painting by the Swedish artist Bertil Berntsson made in 1964. In good vintage condition with small signs of use. Framed in a pine frame. 129 x 120 x 2 cm.
Category
1960s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas, Pine
Contemporary Art Lighting Sculpture - Amici by Marco Lodola
By Mirabili
Located in Pistoia, IT
Light sculpture
Curved acrylic sheet, Lighting with light tubes
"The intervention of an artist, citizen of the world, like Marco Lodola has created a climate of high cultural as well...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Italian Other Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Plexiglass
"Red Sea" Chamotte Glazed Stoneware Wall Sculpture by Franck Scala - France 2022
Located in New York, NY
For this series of ceramic wall sculptures Franck Scala invites us on a journey by re-appropriating the reliefs of certain emblematic natural landscapes. ...
Category
2010s French Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Stoneware
François Gilot Lithograph, 1951
By Françoise Gilot
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
François Gilot original lithograph.
From the poetry book "Pages d'Amour" by André VERDET, editions Raison d'être, 1951, printed by Mourlot in 366 co...
Category
1950s French Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Roger de la Fresnaye 'Le Bouvier' Framed Lithography, circa 1968
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Original color lithograph 'Le Bouvier' by Roger de la Fresnaye.
Lithograph printed from an original painting made by the author in France, circa 1921.
Framed in Barcelona by an...
Category
1960s French Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Mid-Century Modern Treason Wall Art Sculpture Piece Handmade Portugal Greenapple
By Greenapple, Rute Martins
Located in Lisboa, PT
Mid-Century Modern Treason wall art piece, contemporary collection, handcrafted in Portugal - Europe by Greenapple.
Like a crumpled up piece of paper, Treason embodies the hurt, the...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Art Glass, Fiberglass, Paint, Wood
Contemporary Mirror with Augumented Reality by Eduard Locota
By Eduard Locota
Located in Timisoara, RO
From extremely detailed 3D scans of the most important classical sculptures of all times, Eduard Locota has digitally sliced and extracted the essential portion of the artwork, then physically 3D-printed it into a new representation fit for the XX-st Century.
Eduard Locota has been working with digital 3D modeling software for over 20 years now; and this is the first time he has combined his digital 3D skills with his physical skills to give birth to this radical new collection, representing the past, present and the future.
With the aid of your smartphone, you can transcend the physical counterpart of mirrors/sculptures into the metaverse. Each of the sculptures/mirrors has a new life with the aid of our augmented reality solutions.
Specifications:
H 145 CM / W 65 CM / DEPTH 5CM ( LIMITED EDITIONS OF 99+4AP )
100% Handcrafted, Dimensions May Vary 1~2cm.
BUILD TIME: 20-60 DAYS.
Signed Artwork, With A Certificate Of Authenticity Signed And Dated By The Artist.
The Wall Hanging System...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Balkan Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Ceramic, Mirror, Acrylic, Fiberglass
Denis Perrollaz Interstellar Painting in Mixed-Media
By Denis Perollaz
Located in Paris, FR
"Interstellar" by Denis Perrollaz : Glycero paint, liquid tqr and resine on an old steel traffic sign. 2013, signed by the artist.
"Certificate of Aut...
Category
2010s French Other Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Steel
Landscape Painting Scagliola Relief Handmade in Italy by Cupioli
By Cupioli made in Italy
Located in Rimini, IT
Titolo: La via per San Marino
The subject depicted in this painting is a country road surrounded by greenery with typical autumn colors.
This picture /wall panel is made with the a...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Arts and Crafts Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Scagliola, Harewood
Set of 4 European Hand Colored Prints of Birds from 1830
Located in Haddonfield, NJ
A set of 4 hand colored birds prints, from 1830. By Comte, Achille Joseph (1802-1866),
"Keepsake d´histoire naturelle. Description des oiseaux. Suivie d´un exposé de l art de les pr...
Category
1830s French Biedermeier Antique Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Salvador Dali Portfolio expo Prague 1967 Complete
Located in Saint ouen, FR
Salvador Dali
Portfolio expo Prague 1967
Complete
Excellent condition
. Original exhibition poster 97 x 67 cms
. 40 litho fac similes of original drawings 33.5 x 24 cms
1967
690 ...
Category
1960s Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Henry Moore Color Lithography, circa 1971
By Henry Moore
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Photolithographic reproduction of Henry Moore's work for Bolaffiarte
Made in England, circa 1971.
Copy 279 of 5000 limited copies.
Framed and signe...
Category
1970s English Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
"Thousand and One Nights" Painting with Plastic Technique, Erika Baktay
Located in Rome, IT
"Thousand and One Nights" painting with individual plastic Technique, Erika Baktay.
Dimensions: cm 70 x 50 with frame cm 72 x 52.
Biography;
The paintings of Erika Baktay have lon...
Category
2010s Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Dutch Contemporary Porcelain Art Wall Decoration 1st Polymetrie by Jonne Stout
By Jonne Stout
Located in Amsterdam, NL
Jonne Stout (1993) studied at the School of the Arts in Utrecht (HKU) and graduated in 2019. Ceramics is a main material in her work, she searches for specific characteristics in thi...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Dutch Minimalist Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Steel
Abstract Painting Contemporary
Located in Vosselaar, BE
Intriguing contemporary painting by May Oosthoven. May is a Belgian painter which work has a strong meditative charge. Trough basic materials and forms she expresses her inner world ...
Category
2010s Belgian Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic
Abstract Oil on Canvas Painting Bertil Berntsson, Sweden, 1960s
By Bertil Berntsson
Located in Stockholm, SE
Rare abstract oil on canvas painting by the Swedish artist Bertil Berntsson made in 1963. In good vintage condition showing some signs from age and use. Measurements: 115 x 103 x 2 cm.
Category
1960s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas
Original Engraving by Arnaldo Pomodoro, signed and numbered, edition of fifteen
By Arnaldo Pomodoro
Located in Milano, IT
Offered for sale is an extremely rare engraving by Italian modern and contemporary master Arnaldo Pomodoro, famed author of the well known discs, spheres and objects in bronze that u...
Category
1970s Italian Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Dream Loop
By Erin Turkoglu
Located in Helsinki, FI
One of a kind wall sculpture, signed by the artist.
Category
2010s Finnish Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Ceramic
Ramon Horts Large Artwork 1/5 N 002
By Ramon
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Ramon Horts, minimalism large artwork.
Structures of metal compositions made in Barcelona, circa 2016. For a solo exhibition.
Signed by himself in en...
Category
2010s Spanish Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Metal
Mid-Century Modern Unity Wall Art Sculpture Piece Handmade Portugal Greenapple
By Rute Martins, Greenapple
Located in Lisboa, PT
Mid-Century Modern Unity wall art piece, contemporary collection, handcrafted in Portugal - Europe by Greenapple.
Unity wall piece represents the strength that rises when the whole ...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Wood, Art Glass, Paint, Fiberglass
Vlamnick Framed 'Siene a Chatou' Color Lithography, circa 1972
By Maurice de Vlaminck
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Original 'Siene a Chatou' color lithograph by Maurice de Vlamnick.
Lithograph printed from an original painting made by the author in France.
Published by Fernand Mourlot in Le...
Category
1970s French Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
CHARLOTTE CULOT Les cahiers de Malte 1
By Charlotte Culot
Located in Forest, BE
Mixed media on canvas.
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paint
Wolfgang Glechner Oil on Canvas "Three Women on the Beach"
Located in Vienna, AT
Oil on canvas 30x40cm
created 2015
Wolfgang Glechner was born in 1951 in Braunau am Inn.
He is an autodidact.
Since 1998 (according to his own developed "separation color theory") strongly colored paintings in oil and acrylic.
Years ago he started as an working as an llustrator, working primarily black and white pen and ink drawings...
Category
2010s Austrian Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas
Ramon Horts Minimalist Contemporary Artwork N3
By Ramon
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Ramon Horts, Minimalist artwork.
Structures of metal compositions made in Barcelona, circa 2019.
In original condition.
Scraped metal, rusted and...
Category
2010s Spanish Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Metal
Ceramic Wall Plaque by Japanese artist Masano Asaru, Japan , circa 2000
Located in PARIS, FR
We are pleased to present this wall ceramic artwork by Asano Masaru.
This ceramic plaque shiws remarkable craftsmanship: the clay is hand-formed, carved, and then painted, resulting...
Category
Early 2000s Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Ceramic
Hand Signed Lithography 'The museum' by Vastian
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Hand signed lithography by Vastian, Spanish contemporary artist.
'The museum', 2010.
In original condition, with minor wear consistent with age and use, preserving a beautiful pati...
Category
2010s Spanish Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Contemporary Arch Wallpiece White with patinated leather by Jumandie Seys
Located in 1204, CH
Jumandie Seys is a Belgian artist and interior designer whose work straddles the boundary between art and design. In his quest for pure expression of for...
Category
2010s Belgian Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Stainless Steel
Modern Hiroshi Yasukawa Abstract Painting
By Hiroshi Yasukawa
Located in Roma, IT
Hiroshi Yasukawa was born in Nagano Prefecture in Japan in 1931. After studying art in Osaka, he began a career as a painter and art teacher. At that time, Yasukawa mainly created fi...
Category
1970s French Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
"The Birth of Venus", Botticelli Copy Printed on Canvas, Handmade in Italy, 2021
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
Born in 1992 in Macerata in the Marche region, the Italian artist carried out a path that between studies of Surveyor and Architecture led him to a long collaboration with a craft co...
Category
2010s Italian Industrial Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas, Acrylic
Framed Lawrence Weiner Limited Edition Artwork, ALL IN DUE COURSE
By Lawrence Weiner
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Framed Lawrence Weiner, ALL IN DUE COURSE, limited edition artwork tattoo for the South London Gallery, 2014.
Born in 1942 in the Bronx, New York, Weiner lives and works in New York...
Category
2010s British Post-Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
"Variation" Abstract Painting by Pascal & Annie Leniau, French Artists
Located in Paris, FR
Variation (1380-18) - One of a Kind.
Abstract painting created in 2018 by French contemporary artists Pascal & Annie LENIAU.
Colorful composition and abstract matter.
Mixed media on paper laminated on wood panel with its frame, dim. 60 x 80 cm. Signed and dated on the back.
---
Pascal & Annie LENIAU
Since their meeting in 1978, Pascal and Annie...
Category
2010s French Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Wood, Paint, Paper
August Sandberg, "Untitled III", 2023, 70x60 cm, Acryl and Spray Paint on Canvas
Located in Hønefoss, 30
August Sandberg, a rising star in the contemporary Norwegian art scene, is currently honing his craft at the prestigious Faculty of Art, Music and Design at the University of Bergen....
Category
2010s Norwegian Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas, Acrylic
"Three of a Kind" Black & White Photography Gelatin SilverPrint A.Maria Cortesão
By Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Doisneau
Located in Coimbra, PT
"Three of a Kind" Street Photography /2000, Portugal / Analog camera photo / B&W 35 mm film. 400 iso / Gelatin Silver Print
Signed, titled, negative date & print date on verso.
PLE...
Category
Early 2000s Portuguese Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Other
2011 Bjarne Dahl Rowing Boat in the Mist
By Bjarne Dahl
Located in Knebel, DK
Mist everywhere and almost no details - but a glimpse of the sun.
About the artist:
The paintings of Bjarne Dahl are realistic and figurative with inspiration from landscapes, ...
Category
2010s Danish Arts and Crafts Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Canvas, Acrylic
Dutch Contemporary Abstract Steel Art Murale Dégradé by Luuk van Laarhoven
By Studio Luuk van Laarhoven
Located in Amsterdam, NL
To understand the behaviour of metallic elements, experiments were done on a variety of different surfaces, both mechanically and by hand. By introducing heat to the metal an oxidati...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Dutch Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Steel
Sérigraphie n°15
By Pierre Soulages
Located in PAU, FR
Pierre Soulages
Screenprint n°15 from 1981.
Printed by Michel Casa.
Printed in 250 copies.
Edited by Circle Fine Arts Inc. à Chicago
Signed and numbered by hand.
105 x 72.4 cm w...
Category
1980s French Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Paper
Mid-Century Modern Moon Wall Art Sculpture Piece, Light, Handmade by Greenapple
By Greenapple
Located in Lisboa, PT
Mid-Century Modern Moon Wall Art Piece, Contemporary Collection, Handcrafted in Portugal - Europe by Greenapple.
The Moon modern wall decor is a manifes...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Acrylic, Resin, Wood
Skull Skateboard Decks After Jean-Michel Basquiat
By (after) Jean-Michel Basquiat
Located in Jersey City, NJ
Set of three skateboard decks
7-ply Canadian maplewood with screen-print
Measure: each deck: 31 H x 8 inches
Mounting hardware included
Open edition (screen-printed signature).
...
Category
2010s Belgian Continental Europe - Contemporary Art
Materials
Maple
Read More
In Francks Deceus’s ‘Mumbo Jumbo #5,’ the Black Experience Is . . . Complicated
Despite the obstacles, the piece’s protagonist navigates the chaos without losing his humanity.
This Wolf Kahn Pastel Is the Epitome of Beauty at Its Most Essential
A longtime admirer of Kahn’s work, 1stDibs editorial director Anthony Barzilay Freund explores why it’s relevant now more than ever.
How Keith Rivers Went from NFL Linebacker to Blue-Chip Art Aficionado
The former football player is as serious about becoming a great contemporary-art patron as he once was about making tackles. Here, Rivers tells us how he got the collecting bug and how his tastes have evolved over the years.
More Than Ever, the Female Design Council Is Embracing Funked-Up Creativity
The organization's "Womxn’s History Month" collection celebrates female-identified creators pushing the boundaries of technique and material.
This New Orleans Antiques Dealer’s Stylish Home Doubles as Her Art Studio
A former lawyer, Karina Gentinetta has achieved second-act success as a furniture gallerist and painter.
Get to Know the Artists Who Led the Op Art Movement
In the 1960s and '70s, the hypnotic creations of Op artists went mainstream and influenced the look of pop culture.