Sweden - Chairs
to
6
17,638
9,427
283
42
3
Height
to
Width
to
Depth
to
188
128
51
62
42
54
40
55
39
45
39
44
147
41
19
17
14
12
1
1
1
42
45
196
45
8
94
11
1
3
13
15
21
20
5
2
4
285
82
78
78
69
318
291
202
81
7
328
290
298
12
8
7
7
6
Item Ships From: Sweden
Pair of Easy Chairs in Original Leather and Steel by Poul Kjærholm, 1950s
By Poul Kjærholm
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Pair of Easy Chairs in Original Leather and Steel by Poul Kjærholm, 1950s
Additional Information:
Material: Original leather and steel
Style: mid-century, Scandinavia
Rare pair of...
Category
20th Century Danish Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Leather
Pair of Easy Chairs in Oak and Cognac Brown Leather by Børge Mogensen, 1950's
By Børge Mogensen
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Pair of Easy Chairs in Oak and Original Cognac Brown Leather by Børge Mogensen, 1950's
Additional Information:
Material: Oak and original cognac brown leather
Style: Mid century, Sc...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Oak, Leather
Pair of 'Laila' Armchair in sheepskin by Ilmari Lappalainen, Finland, 1950s
By Asko, Ilmari Lappalainen
Located in Stockholm, SE
Excellent condition. Newly reupholstered in honey colored sheepskin.
Listed price is for the pair.
Category
1950s Finnish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Sheepskin
Utö pine chairs by Axel Einar Hjorth, Nordiska Kompaniet, Sportstugemöbel, 1930s
By NK (Nordiska Kompaniet), Axel Einar Hjorth
Located in Hägersten, SE
Dining/side chairs model "Utö" designed by Axel Einar Hjorth. Produced in Sweden by Nordiska Kompaniet as a so called "Sportstugemöbel". Made during the 1930s. Solid pine wood. Good ...
Category
1930s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Pair of Easy Chairs and Stool in Jacaranda and Leather by Sergio Rodrigues, 1957
By Sergio Rodrigues
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Pair of Easy Chairs and Stool in Jacaranda and Leather by Sergio Rodrigues, 1957
Additional Information:
Material: Jacaranda and leather
Style: Mid century, Brazil
Rare pair of...
Category
20th Century Brazilian Mid-Century Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Jacaranda, Leather
Primitive Swedish Child Stool early-18th century
Located in Farsta, SE
Primitive Swedish Child Stool early-18th century
Made of Pine wood and the backrest is made of birch wood.
Beautiful patina and smooth surface, wear consi...
Category
Early 18th Century Swedish Scandinavian Modern Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Birch, Pine
Set of Twelve Dining Chairs ‘Darby’ Designed by Torbjörn Afdal for Bruksbo
By Torbjørn Afdal
Located in Stockholm, SE
Set of twelve dining chairs ‘Darby’ designed by Torbjörn Afdal for Bruksbo.
Norway, 1960s.
Rosewood and leather.
This dining chair model 'Darby' is simple yet elegant with a s...
Category
Mid-20th Century Norwegian Mid-Century Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Leather, Rosewood
Easy Chair in Teak and Woven Cane by Arne Hovmand-Olsen, 1950's
By Arne Hovmand-Olsen
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Easy Chair in Teak and Woven Cane by Arne Hovmand-Olsen, 1950's
Additional Information:
Material: Teak and woven cane
Style: Mid century, Scandinavian
Produced by A.R. Klingenberg &...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Teak
Lovö chair by Axel Einar Hjort for Nordiska Kompaniet 1930s
By NK (Nordiska Kompaniet), Axel Einar Hjorth
Located in Stockholm, SE
A stained pine 'Lovö' chair by Axel Einar Hjort for Nordiska Kompaniet, Sweden 1930s.
Iron mounts, high back. Height 95 cm, seat height 41 cm.
Wear and scratches.
Category
Mid-20th Century Swedish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
19th Century Swedish Folk Art Chair
Located in Allerum, SE
19th century Swedish Folk Art chair in it's original condition. Ca 1820 Sweden.
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Pair of Easy Chairs in Oak and Cognac Brown Leather by Børge Mogensen, 1950's
By Børge Mogensen
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Pair of Easy Chairs in Oak and Original Cognac Brown Leather by Børge Mogensen, 1950's
Additional Information:
Material: Oak and original cognac brown leather
Style: Mid century, Sc...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Oak, Leather
Swedish Folk Art 'Spinning-Chair' late 19th century
Located in Farsta, SE
Swedish Folk Art 'Spinning-Chair' late 19th century
This chair was partially made from old spinning wheel parts.
Made out of pine, featuring old repairs and a beautiful patina.
Hei...
Category
Late 19th Century Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Set of 10 Late Gustavian Chairs attributed to Ephraim Ståhl
By Ephraim Stahl
Located in Ljungby, SE
Set of 10 exquisite late Gustavian Stockholm-made chairs from the early 19th century, attributed to the master chair maker Ephraim Ståhl. The front l...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Gustavian Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Wood
18th Century Antique Swedish Rococo Side Chair Marked HGK Royal Provenance
Located in Boden, SE
Fine 18th Century Swedish Roccoco chair with marks of (The Swedish Royal Treasury) HGK
It comes from the upper class environment.
A fantastic chair wi...
Category
Mid-18th Century Swedish Rococo Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Set of 4 Chairs in Mahogany and Leather by Kaare Klint Dining, 1930s
By Kaare Klint
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Set of 4 Chairs in Mahogany and Leather by Kaare Klint Dining, 1930s
Additional Information:
Material: Cuban mahogany and niger leather with brass rivets
Style: midcentury, Scan...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Mahogany, Leather
19th Century Swedish Gustavian Chairs Original Painted "The Swedish model"
Located in Boden, SE
Early 19th century Swedish Gustavian chairs " The Swedish Model"
A beautifully pair of Gustavian chairs scraped by hand to its well preserved...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Gustavian Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Swedish Stump Chair late 1700 century
Located in Farsta, SE
Exceptional Swedish Stump Chair ca 1650–1700
Crafted from driftwood sourced in Dalarna, Northern Sweden, this remarkable chair is made from a sing...
Category
1690s Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Pair of Stools in Oregon Pine by Edvard Wilberg, 1955
By Edvard Wilberg
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Pair of Stools in Oregon Pine by Edvard Wilberg, 1955
Additional Information:
Material: Oregon pine
Style: Mid century, Scandinavia
Produced by Edvard Wilberg møbelfabrik in Norway
...
Category
20th Century Norwegian Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Folding Stool in Teak and Original Natural Leather by Poul Hundevad, 1950's
By Poul Hundevad
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Folding Stool in Teak and Original Natural Leather by Poul Hundevad, 1950's
Additional Information:
Material: Teak and original natural leather
Style: Mid century, Scandinavian
Rare...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Teak, Leather
Pair of 18th Century Antique Swedish Baroque Dining Room Chairs Pine Tall Backs
Located in Kramfors, SE
A pair of northern Swedish antique baroque chairs from the mid to late 1700s, around 1770. The chairs are provincial and have a stately appearanc...
Category
Late 18th Century Swedish Baroque Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Antique Folk Art Swedish Rustic Kubbstol
Located in Kramfors, SE
Folk Art rustic Kubbstol from northern Sweden. A Kubbstol is a chair made of a single piece of wood that's been hewn out to form the seat, back and frame. It's a primitive constructi...
Category
Late 18th Century Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Armchairs French Rococo Period 18th Century Brown Frame Black Leather France
Located in New York, NY
Armchairs French Rococo Period 18th century brown frame black leather France. An assembled pair of armchairs made during the Rococo period in Fran...
Category
Mid-18th Century French Rococo Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Leather, Wood
19th Century Swedish Antique Rustic Baroque Style Chair with Original Paint
Located in Boden, SE
Rustic Baroque style chair from Boden Norrbotten, North of Sweden.
The chair is a country furniture from the first half of the 19th century.
The model itself is from the Baroque pe...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Baroque Revival Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Rare Early 20th Century Dentist Chair, ca 1930s
Located in Uppsala, SE
Rare early 20th century dentist / medical chair made in white painted wood with dark green leather upholstered seat and neck rest. The neck rest is height adjustable so it would accommodate both adults and children when in use. The seat also has a very modernist pattern made with upholsterers decor nails similar to that of German/Swedish designer Otto Schulz and what he used on his cabinets. The high back style of chair is also very much associated with the grand father of Scottish design Charles Rennie...
Category
1930s Swedish Art Deco Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Wood
Norwegian Folk Art Chair 'Spinnastol' circa 1850
Located in Farsta, SE
Norwegian Folk Art Chair 'Spinnastol' circa 1850
With its beautiful patina and curved lines.
Made out of birch wood.
Some traces of original paint.
Heigth: 59.5 cm/23.4 inch
Depth...
Category
Mid-19th Century Norwegian Scandinavian Modern Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Birch
19th Century Swedish Gustavian Chair with Originalpaint
Located in Boden, SE
19th century Swedish Gustavian chair from Burträsk Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. The chair is scraped by hand to its well-preserved original painting.
Beautifully carved pilasters ...
Category
1820s Swedish Gustavian Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Exceptional 18th Century Swedish Rococo Chair
Located in Allerum, SE
Exceptional 18th century Swedish Rococo chair with embossed carvings, original surface and great shape. ca 1770 Sweden.
Category
18th Century Swedish Rococo Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Wood
Arne Hovmand-Olsen, Chair Model 408, Mogens Kold Møbelfabrik
By Arne Hovmand-Olsen, Mogens Kold Møbelfabrik
Located in Stockholm, SE
A chair of model 408 designed by Arne Hovmand Olsen at Mogens Kold Møbelfabrik, Denmark, 1950s. The chair is made in teak with seat in black leather. It is 64 x 50 cm and 74 cm high ...
Category
1950s Danish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Teak
Pair of Easy Chairs with Side Table in Beech and Leather by Arne Norell, 1960s
By Arne Norell
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Pair of easy chairs with side table in beech, leather and brass by Arne Norell, 1960s.
Additional Information:
Material: beech, leather, brass.
Style: Midcentury, Scandinavia.
...
Category
20th Century Swedish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Brass
18th Century Swedish Antique Rococo Chair with Original Paint
Located in Boden, SE
18th Century Swedish Rococo chair from Stockholm,
Southern Sweden.
A fantastic chair with nice proportions & curvy legs
It comes from the upper class environment.
Scraped by ha...
Category
18th Century Swedish Rococo Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Set of 8 Dining Chairs in Rosewood and Woven Cane by Steffan Syrach-Larsen, 1960
By Steffen Syrach-Larsen
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Set of 8 Dining Chairs in Solid Rosewood and Woven Cane by Steffan Syrach-Larsen, 1960
Additional Information:
Material: Solid rosewood and woven cane
Style: Mid century, Scandinavi...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Rosewood, Cane
Antique Swedish Charming Folk Art Chair, Original Condition with Genuine Patina
Located in Kramfors, SE
Swedish folk art chair, an antique so called höstol. Chairs like this would often stand in the hallway and during the winter hay or straw was stored in the drawer which was then used...
Category
Mid-19th Century Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Pair of Easy Chairs Model "F60" by Karl-Erik Ekselius, 1960s
By Karl-Erik Ekselius
Located in Stockholm, SE
Design Karl-Erik Ekselius, produced by JOC in Vetlanda, Sweden, 1960s.
Chromed steel and original black leather cushions. Good vintage condition!
Category
1960s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Chrome
Pair of Mogens Koch 'MK 16' Foldable Armchairs, Denmark, 1960s
By Mogens Koch
Located in Stockholm, SE
A pair of Mogens Koch ‘MK 16’ foldable armchairs with brown leather and canvas. This safari type chair was designed by Mogens Koch in the 1930s.
...
Category
1960s Danish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Leather
Set of three chairs ‘The Red Chairs’ model 3949 designed by Kaare Klint, Denmark
By Kaare Klint
Located in Stockholm, SE
Set of three chairs ‘The Red Chairs’ model 3949 designed by Kaare Klint for Rud. Rasmussen Fabrik,
Denmark, 1928.
Cuban mahogany, Niger leather, upholstery and brass nails.
Marked.
Our set of three ‘The Red Chairs’ model 3949 designed by Kaare Klint – they are known as ‘the small Red Chairs...
Category
Mid-20th Century Danish Mid-Century Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Brass
Scandinavian Lounge Chairs model 'Pele' by Esko Pajamies
By Esko Pajamies
Located in Karlstad, SE
Finnish lounge chairs, model 'Pele' by Esko Pajamies for Lepokalusto, Finland.
This is Pajamies most spectacular chair with its extremely generous proportions and distinct shapes.
Ma...
Category
20th Century Danish Mid-Century Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Leather, Oak
Fine Pair of Swedish Late Baroque Chairs
Located in Allerum, SE
Fine pair 18th century Swedish late baroque chairs in their original finish with great patina and proportions. Ca 1850 Sweden.
Category
Mid-18th Century Swedish Baroque Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
19th Century Swedish Baroque Style Chair
Located in Boden, SE
Rustic Baroque style chair from Boden Norrbotten, North of Sweden.
The chair is a country furniture from the first half of the 19th century.
The ...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Baroque Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Swedish Stump Chair 1850's
Located in Farsta, SE
Heavily patinated Swedish Stump Chair, made in ca 1850's.
That has withstand the test of time.
It’s repaired with iron studs and plates.
Height: 69,5 cm
Seat Height: 48 cm
Width: 41...
Category
1850s Swedish Brutalist Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Set of 8 Dining Chairs in Walnut and Brass, 1940s
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Set of 8 Dining Chairs in Walnut and Brass, 1940s
Additional Information:
Material: Walnut, original leather with brass rivets
Style: midcentury, Scandinavian
Produced in Swede...
Category
20th Century Swedish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Brass
Alf Svensson, Pair of Domus Lounge Chairs, DUX, 1950s
By Alf Svensson
Located in Uppsala, SE
Pair of lounge chairs designed by Alf Svensson for DUX / Ljungs Industrier and their furniture line Bra Bohag in the 1950s. The model was shown at the very well known H55 exhibition ...
Category
Mid-20th Century Swedish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Steel
19th Century Swedish Antique rustic Stamp chair folk Art " Kubb "chair
Located in Boden, SE
Swedish "Kubb "chair from the 18th-19th century. The "Kubb"chair is an old type of furniture, and is probably the first chair. It is found on depictions from the Viking Age...
Category
Mid-19th Century Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Chair 'Egyptian' designed by Finn Juhl for Niels Vodder, Denmark, 1949
By Finn Juhl
Located in Stockholm, SE
Chair “Egyptian” designed by Finn Juhl for Niels Vodder,
Denmark, 1949.
Made and stamped by the maker.
Brazilian rosewood and leather.
Measurements:
H: ...
Category
Mid-20th Century Danish Mid-Century Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Leather, Rosewood
Mies van der Rohe, MR10 chair, Thonet, 1970s
By Thonet, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Located in Uppsala, SE
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's very legendary chair, model MR10 (today renamed S 533), designed in 1927, a few years before he was nominated as the director of the world famous Bauhaus s...
Category
1930s Austrian Bauhaus Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Steel
Thonet, rare pair of chairs, early 1900s
By Thonet
Located in Uppsala, SE
Rare pair of bentwood chairs manufactured by Thonet in the early 20th century. Both chairs have a nice faux painted wood finish that is early but most likely not original to the chai...
Category
Early 20th Century Austrian Art Nouveau Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Bentwood
Dining Chairs in Rosewood and Black Leather by Finn Juhl, 1951
By Finn Juhl
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Dining Chairs in Rosewood and Black Leather by Finn Juhl, 1951
Additional Information:
Material: Rosewood and black leather
Very rare dining chairs model FJ-51
Produced by cabinetma...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Rosewood, Leather
Pair of Early 19th Century Swedish Gustavian Chairs "The Swedish Model"
Located in Boden, SE
A pair of early 19th Century Swedish Gustavian Chairs " The Swedish Model." from Skelleftea Vasterbotten, Northern Sweden.
Scraped by hand to the original color. Retouches are made...
Category
Late 18th Century Swedish Gustavian Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
19th Century Swedish Chair in transition Rococo / Gustavian Hälsingland
Located in Boden, SE
A fantastic mid 19th Century very genuine & rustic Rococo / Gustavian Chair from Hälsingland ,Northern Sweden.
The chair is provincial and transition between Rococo & Gustavian.
Th...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Rococo Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Swedish Mid 20th Pine Chairs Set by Göran Malmvall for Karl Andersson & Söner
By Goran Malmvall
Located in Örebro, SE
This is a Swedish Mid 20th Pine Chairs set of 4 by Göran Malmvall for AB Karl Andersson & Söner.
They come in a beautifully patinated color and with signs of age and use.
With a sta...
Category
1960s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Antique Swedish Folk Art Stump Chair
Located in Kramfors, SE
Antique Swedish stump chair in folk art. The chair has a round shape and is made from a hollowed pine tree stump. The chair is in untouched conditi...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Easy Chairs in Oak with Original Fabric by Hans Wegner, 1950's
By Hans J. Wegner
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Easy Chairs in Oak with Original Fabric by Hans Wegner, 1950's
Additional Information:
Material: Oak and original fabric
Style: Mid century, Scandinavian
Easy chairs model GE-240 / ...
Category
20th Century Danish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Oak, Fabric
Swedish Rustic Folk Art Primitive Chair
Located in Kramfors, SE
Rustic folk art chair from Northern Sweden. The chair is unique and hand-made into a primitive example of an antique chair. The pine has never been pa...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Folk Art Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Fischel bentwood café chair, early 20thy century
By Fischel
Located in Uppsala, SE
Stunning bentwood chair manufactured by Fischel around turn of the century 1900. Fischel was one of the larges producer of bentwood furniture alongside Thonet and J&J Kohn. The backr...
Category
Early 20th Century Czech Vienna Secession Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Beech
Pair Swedish Modern Easy Chairs, 1940s
By Gösta Jonsson
Located in Stockholm, SE
Excellent condition. Newly reupholstered in honey colored sheepskin.
Category
1940s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Sheepskin
Easy Chairs in Beech & Reupholstered in Sheepskin by Erik Bertil Karlén, 1940's
By Eric Karlén
Located in Limhamn, Skåne län
Easy Chairs in Beech and Newly Reupholstered in Sheepskin with Leather Buttons by Erik Bertil Karlén, 1940's
Additional Information:
Material: Beec...
Category
20th Century Swedish Scandinavian Modern Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Beech, Sheepskin
19th Century Swedish Gustavian Chairs with Original Paint Swedish Antiques
Located in Boden, SE
A pair of 19th century Swedish Gustavian chairs from Smaland, Southern Sweden.
Scraped by hand to its original paint.
The seats are upholstered in a linen fabric.
Nice model with ...
Category
Early 19th Century Swedish Gustavian Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Unusually Large Swedish Antique Brown Pine Baroque Chair
Located in Kramfors, SE
Unusually large baroque chair from Sweden made around 1770. The chair has a frame in solid pine with original faux paint. The painter has made a free interpretation of walnut. The pa...
Category
Late 18th Century Swedish Baroque Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
18th Century Swedish Rococo Children Chair with Original Paint Swedish Antiques
Located in Boden, SE
18th Century Swedish Rococo children chair from Sundsvall Medelpad, Northern Sweden
A very charming and genuine Rococo Chair.
Great for children aged 6-12 years.
Scraped by hand to its originalpaint.
Good antique condition with minor historic knocks, marks, scratchers, wear, imperfections as is to be expected with functional antique furniture.
A rare find that would look amazing in the right location.
It is upholstered in old antique linen fabric...
Category
Late 18th Century Swedish Rococo Antique Sweden - Chairs
Materials
Pine
Read More
The 21 Most Popular Mid-Century Modern Chairs
You know the designs, now get the stories about how they came to be.
Is Lionel Jadot the Willy Wonka of Upcycled Belgian Design?
From his massive collaborative workshop in a former paper factory, the designer concocts funky furniture from disused materials, as well as luxe hotel interiors like the new Mix Brussels.
Learn Why Designer Maarten Baas Set This Charles Rennie Mackintosh Chair on Fire
What happens when you do something to a piece of furniture that you shouldn’t? It becomes an entirely new object.
Kaleidoscopic Upholstery Makes This Edward Wormley Chair a Showstopper
What at first glance seems an unusual choice jibes perfectly with the designer's aesthetic.
Design Icon Ilse Crawford on Her Colorful New Hans Wegner Chairs
If anyone is brave, humble and adept enough to recolor these mid-century masterpieces, it’s Ilse Crawford. Here, she gives us the details on her five earthy paint choices and tells us how she feels about design collaborations.
How to Reupholster a Chair
Want to update an old chair that still has good bones? We spoke to experts to find out how they approach reupholstering antique furniture.
How to Spot Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI Chairs
A field guide for anyone who wants to brush up on their knowledge of French antiques
The Ball Chair, Eero Aarnio’s Space Age Masterpiece, Was Almost Never Made
Now considered emblematic of 1960s mod aesthetics, the Finnish designer's famous creation was far from an overnight success.