Fairfield County - Sculptures
to
38
269
109
79
75
242
Overall Width
to
Overall Height
to
4
101
667
2
3
1
2
5
5
26
18
23
270
248
16
14
14
11
6
3
1
121
84
68
64
38
32
25
22
16
15
12
12
9
8
8
8
7
5
5
4
364
154
147
131
122
38
38
35
31
28
14,499
6,134
Item Ships From: Fairfield County
Mother's Jewels, Children in Hand
By Albert W. Wein
Located in Greenwich, CT
This Art Deco stylized work is by one of America's greatest sculptors. This is a wonderful and unique depiction of Motherhood different than a mother cradling a single child, here w...
Category
1970s Art Deco Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Large Bird Bronze Sculpture
Located in Lake Worth Beach, FL
Secretary Bird Life Size
43H x45L x 11D Marble Base 24x16 inches Bronze sculpture indoor or outdoor.
Vintage Modern life size bronze sculpture...
Category
1990s Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Marble, Bronze
Nubian Water Boy
Located in Greenwich, CT
This wonderful bronze speaks to an important movement in the 1920's toward expression in exotic cultures and to explore not only ethnicities but celebration of that through artistic ...
Category
1920s Art Nouveau Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Miles Jaffe - Strategy for Success, Sculpture 2023
By Miles Jaffe
Located in Greenwich, CT
metal, polymer, pigment, wood
This sculpture will be shipped directly from the artist's studio.
Category
2010s Contemporary Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Metal, Stainless Steel
Suzanne Benton, Facing Each Other, 1974, Copper, Coated Steel
By Suzanne Benton
Located in Darien, CT
In 1972, the women’s movement was in full flower. Suzanne Benton had been an early activist, a founder and organizer of NOW Chapters, CT Feminists in the Arts, Women, Metamorphosis 1 (in New Haven, CT, the first women’s art festival in the USA). She'd already been creating metal sculpted masks and working with them in mask tale performances of Women of Myth and Heritage. Her inaugural performance of Sarah and Hagar n 1972 took place at Lincoln Center in NYC.
Benton then became the artistic director and producer of an evening on Broadway, Four Chosen Women (performers included herself as mask tale performer, author Anais Nin, actress Vinie Burroughs and dancer Joan Stone). The evening took place at the Edison Theatre, November 22, 1972. While developing the evening on Broadway, Benton met renowned Swedish actress and Hollywood star, Viveca Lindfors.
Viveca was then working on her solo performance, I AM A WOMAN, and was looking for a unique theatre set for the show. The happenstance that brought Viveca and Suzanne together. At that same time, recent travel to Macchu Picchu inspired her with the mountain’s great stones sitting on the edge of precipices. These vast stones led her to create welded steel Seated Sculpture Works. Viveca was intrigued by the concept and let her own imagination fly. Imagining a set of welded steel sculpture, she took the leap in commissioning Suzanne with complete faith in artist's ability to fulfill her mandate. Benton created groups of welded sculptures for two theater sets.
Protection is one of three sculptures in first set created in 1973. Mother and Child, Pelvic Woman, Facing Each Other are three of five works from the 1974 second set. The first toured with her shows throughout the East Coast and into Toronto, Canada. The second set, created to nest together could travel as checked baggage for international and domestic airline travel. They flew to Denmark in 1980 for her performance at the UN sponsored 1980 Women’s International Conference, Copenhagen.
In addition to creating the theatre sets, Benton mounted exhibitions of her masks and sculptures in the lobbies of theatres where she performed (NYC and Northampton). Continuing on with this theme, Becoming is her 1975 Seated Sculpture Work. The theatre sets were returned at the final end of its long run. These Seated Sculpture Works have often been featured in exhibitions, including both the 2003 and 2005 retrospectives. They are part of an oeuvre of 797 sculptures and masks.
What attracted her to welded sculpture? This excerpt from her book, The Art of Welded Sculpture, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1975 speaks of its lure:
"Early in my life, when I had decided to become an artist, I had had an inner vision of being able to hold the physical material of my art in such a way as to bring it into existence with my hands. In welding, I wear a mask, a heavy apron, and gloves. I heat the metal and make it bend so smoothly and gracefully; I cut the metal, rigid metal, into endless shapes; I join the pieces by causing them to flow together with the heat of the flame. Welding was a return to my adolescent vision. It was fulfillment. At that beginning time I felt that even if I went no further, this experience in itself gave me astounding satisfaction. It was as thrilling as the moment of birth. It was my birth."
(Pelvic Woman and Protection are illustrated in the book):
What began in 1965 became by 2017 an oeuvre of 797 sculptures and masks. The magic of the welding mask...
Category
1970s Feminist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Copper, Steel
Fritz Horstman, Five Walls With Openings, 2016, Wood, Walnut
By Fritz Horstman
Located in Darien, CT
While working on a large building project several years ago the artist, Fritz Horstman was struck by the poetry in the unfinished state of the construction site. He was drawn specifically to the space between the plywood walls that were raised as formworks for the pouring of cement. That space could only exist for a few hours before the cement truck...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Walnut
Patricia Miranda, Florilegium Series, 2016, cochineal dyes, antique books, pearl
By Patricia Miranda
Located in Darien, CT
Patricia Miranda's work includes interdisciplinary installation, textile, paper and books. The textiles incorporated in these new pieces are vintage linens from her Italian and Irish grandmothers and sourced from friends and strangers around the country. Each donation is documented and integrated into the work. Textile as a form that wraps the body from cradle to grave. The role of lacemaking in the lives of women both economically and historically is packed with metaphorical potential. The relationship of craft and women’s work (re)appropriated by artists today to environmental and social issues is integral to the artist's research.
Her work is process oriented; materials are submerged in natural dyes from oak gall wasp nests, cochineal insects, turmeric, indigo, and clay. She forages for raw materials, cook dyes, grind pigments, ecofeminist actions that consider environmental impacts of objects. The process is left visible as dyestuff is unfiltered in the vat and finished work. Sewn into larger works, Miranda incorporates hair, pearls, bone beads, Milagros, cast plaster. The distinct genetics and environmental and cultural history of each material asserts its voice as collaborator rather than medium.
The lace inserts a visceral femininity into the pristine gallery, and exerts a ghostly trace of the history of domestic labor. The combination of earth and lace references human and environmental devastation and the conflation of nature and women’s bodies as justifications for exploitation. Mournful and solastalgic, they are lamentations to the violence against women and the earth.
Patricia Miranda is an interdisciplinary artist, curator, educator, and founder of The Crit Lab, graduate-level critique seminars and Residency for artists, and MAPSpace project space. She has been Visiting Artist at Vermont Studio Center, the Heckscher Museum, and University of Utah; and been awarded residencies at I-Park, Weir Farm, Vermont Studio Center, and Julio Valdez Printmaking Studio.
She received an Anonymous Was a Woman Covid19 Artist Relief Grant, an artist grant from ArtsWestchester/New York State Council on the Arts, and was part of a year-long NEA grant working with homeless youth.
Miranda currently teaches graduate curatorial studies at Western Colorado University, and develops programs for K-12, museums, and institutions such as Franklin Furnace.
Her work has been exhibited at ODETTA, NYC; ABC No Rio, NYC; Alexey von...
Category
2010s Feminist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Fabric, Thread, Plaster, Dye, Found Objects
Loren Eiferman, Galaxy, 129 Pieces of Wood, 2012, Wood, Putty, Wood Sculpture
By Loren Eiferman
Located in Darien, CT
Over many decades Loren Eiferman has created and mastered a unique technique of working with wood—her primary material.
First, she begins with a drawing of an idea. Then she takes a daily walk in the woods surrounding her studio and collects tree limbs and long sticks that have fallen to the ground. She never chops down a living tree or uses green wood. Eiferman allows the wood time to cure in the studio to make sure it won’t check or crack.
Next, she debarks the branch and looks for shapes found within each piece of wood. Using a Japanese hand saw, she cuts and connect these small shapes together using dowels and wood glue. Then, all the open joints get filled with a home made putty, which is then sanded so she can see the newly formed shapes. This process is until the new sculpture appears like the original line drawing but in space. She wants the work to appear as if it grew in nature, when in fact each sculpture is composed of over 100 small pieces of wood that are seamlessly jointed together. Her work can be called the ultimate recycling: taking the detritus of nature and giving it a new life.
We have all at one point or another picked up a stick from the ground—touched the wood, peeled the bark off with our fingernails. Her work taps into that same primal desire of touching nature and being close to it. Trees connect us back to nature, back to this Earth. Her work has a meditative quality to it—a quiet, calming energy.
Her influences are many; from looking at nature and plant life on this Earth to researching the heavenly bodies in the images beamed back from the Hubble Telescope. From studying ancient Buddhist mandalas and designs to delving deeper into quantum physics. And from researching mysterious manuscripts to studying the patterns inside our brains.
For Invocation, we are exhibiting her newest body of work, inspired by the illustrations found in the Voynich Manuscript. This 250-page book, is believed to have been written in the early 15th century, of a mysterious origin and purpose.
Written in an unknown language and currently housed at Yale University’s Beinecke Rare Book Library, the manuscript has eluded all attempts in the intervening centuries to decode or decipher its purpose and meaning. This enigmatic book is divided into 6 different sections (herbal, astronomical, biological, cosmological, pharmaceutical and recipes).
Having discovered the images contained in this codex over the Internet, Eiferman felt an immediate, profound and inexplicable connection to this manuscript and its creator.
The artist is currently transposing the “herbal” section of manuscript into sculptures. This section has drawings in it of plants and flowers that do not really exist in nature—past or present. These aren’t just pretty images of flowers—they also contain the wacky root systems and seemingly out of proportion leaves, stamens and pistils.
Loren Eiferman was born in Brooklyn, NY. She received her BFA from SUNY Purchase. Her work has been exhibited extensively throughout the Tri-State region including gallery and museum exhibitions in the Hudson Valley and Connecticut. Her work is included in numerous corporate and private art collections.
In 2014 she was awarded a NYC MTA Arts & Design art commission to produce steel railings...
Category
2010s Abstract Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Putty
Richard Bottwin, Mike's Arm, 2018, poplar, plywood, acrylic paint
By Richard Bottwin
Located in Darien, CT
Architecture, functional objects and the human gestures that occur when interacting with these structures inform the vocabulary of Richard Bottwin’s sculpture. The plywood surfaces,...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Poplar, Plywood, Acrylic
Nancy Baker, Fewer Answers, 2017, paper, acrylic, digital pigment print
By Nancy Baker
Located in Darien, CT
In Baker’s work, there is solace in the geometry of fundamentals, and a practice that focuses on the ephemeral nature of paper and the ease of its transportability, which allows her to create large-scale constructions. A desire for definitive certainties and incontrovertible truths in an era of “alternative facts”, precipitate the need for Baker to assert her clarification of evidence. A new major installation has been created for her exhibition at ODETTA that layers baroque design elements found in paper cup carrying trays with anxiety-provoking phrases, rendered as gorgeous, yet fragile paper spheres...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Paper, Acrylic, Digital Pigment
Nancy Baker, Fewer Answers 2, 2017, paper, acrylic, digital pigment print
By Nancy Baker
Located in Darien, CT
In Baker’s work, there is solace in the geometry of fundamentals, and a practice that focuses on the ephemeral nature of paper and the ease of its transportability, which allows her to create large-scale constructions. A desire for definitive certainties and incontrovertible truths in an era of “alternative facts”, precipitate the need for Baker to assert her clarification of evidence. A new major installation has been created for her exhibition at ODETTA that layers baroque design elements found in paper cup carrying trays with anxiety-provoking phrases, rendered as gorgeous, yet fragile paper spheres...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Paper, Acrylic, Digital Pigment
Dorothy Mayhall, Monument 1, 1995, Terracotta, Acrylic Paint
By Dorothy Mayhall
Located in Darien, CT
Dorothy Mayhall's small sculptures are little monuments to be toyed with and handled. They should be picked up, fondled, and examined like a rock or shell you collect on the beach be...
Category
1990s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta, Acrylic
"Lyric Space" Contemporary Korean Textile Wall Sculpture
Located in Wilton, CT
"Lyric Space" Korean silk fabric and handmade ramie threads, maple floater frame.
This contemporary silk textile piece is by Korean fiber artist, Shin You...
Category
2010s Contemporary Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Fabric, Textile, Silk, Thread
Katherine Jackson, Little Oil 19, 2020, Photograph on aluminum
By Katherine Jackson
Located in Darien, CT
There are two Little Oil installations available with 6 sculptures each on top of LED light boxes.
Little Oil 19 is a digital photographic print on aluminum for the flat files.
Katherine Jackson has been working with glass and light together for many years, Recently, she's been making glass castings of vintage oil cans, and displaying them -- singly, in small groupings, or in vitrines -- on light boxes. So far she has created about 90, each one unique. The series is called Little Oil, alluding to Big Oil, and sometimes Small Oils, as in oil painting. But “oil” can mean many things. It has been a source of light (sometimes from unconscionable sources) since ancient times as well as a source of eternal light in many faith traditions. Set atop lightboxes, where each work glows from within, these pieces can simply seem like vessels of light itself. At times, they appear to me to transcend their relation to oil altogether, appearing anthropomorphic or creaturely, even biological. These days, I think of them as archeological artifacts, relics of a past, oil-based, civilization.
Necropolis is a print of a painting inspired by a map of the necropolis where the terra cotta soldiers...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Glass, LED Light, Pigment
Loren Eiferman, 5r, 146 Pieces of Wood with Rope and Wax, 2016, Wood Sculpture
By Loren Eiferman
Located in Darien, CT
Over many decades Loren Eiferman has created and mastered a unique technique of working with wood—her primary material.
First, she begins with a drawing of an idea. Then she takes...
Category
2010s Abstract Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Bars and Stripes, 2017, Nylon flag, Aluminum flag pole
By David Borawski
Located in Darien, CT
David Borawski lives and works in Hartford, Connecticut, and received his BFA from the Hartford Art School of the University of Hartford.
A multi-media installation artist, his work...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Metal
Dorothy Mayhall, Monument #43, 1993, Terracotta, Acrylic Paint
By Dorothy Mayhall
Located in Darien, CT
Dorothy Mayhall's small sculptures are little monuments to be toyed with and handled. They should be picked up, fondled, and examined like a rock or shell you collect on the beach be...
Category
1990s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta, Acrylic
Joseph Fucigna, Burning Bush, 2001, Plastic, Found Objects
By Joseph Fucigna
Located in Darien, CT
Joseph Fucigna is a multi-media artist whose work is rooted in process, play and the innate qualities of the materials used. Through experimentation, play and innovation he creates sculptures, paintings and drawings that are known for their power to transform materials, inventiveness and odd but suggestive subject matter. The ultimate goal is to create an artwork that is a perfect balance between suggestive content, and the formal qualities of the material that allow both to be active participants.
Joseph Fucigna received his Masters of Fine Arts degree from the School of Visual Arts in New York City. He also attended the Triangle Workshop in Pine Plains, NY and worked with the renowned sculptor Sir Anthony Caro and critic Clement Greenberg.
Fucigna is a full-time Professor of Art at Norwalk Community College and is the Chair of the Studio Arts Program. Fucigna has also taught in the Art Department at the State University of New York, Stony Brook. Presently, he resides and works in Weston, CT.
Fucigna has exhibited nationally including shows at the Fitchburg Art Museum in Massachusetts, Real Art Ways in Connecticut, the United Nations, Grounds for Sculpture in New Jersey, the Lyman Allyn Art Museum in Connecticut, the New York State Museum in Albany, NY and the Burchfield Art Center in Buffalo NY.
He has had one-person exhibitions at the Fred Giampietro Gallery, Sculpture Barn, Norwalk Community College Art Gallery, Artist Space New Haven and the Bannister...
Category
Early 2000s Arte Povera Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Plastic, Found Objects
Karen Schiff, Hypercubic, 2016, Wood, Gouache
By Karen Schiff
Located in Darien, CT
Karen Schiff is an artist and wordsmith based in New York; she has always been a reader as well as a visual artist. Her drawings, paintings, installations, and performances combine t...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Gouache
Fritz Horstman, Formwork for Branching Stream, 2017, Wood, Walnut
By Fritz Horstman
Located in Darien, CT
While working on a large building project several years ago the artist, Fritz Horstman was struck by the poetry in the unfinished state of the construction site. He was drawn specifically to the space between the plywood walls that were raised as formworks for the pouring of cement. That space could only exist for a few hours before the cement truck...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Walnut
Joel Urruty - Colomba, Sculpture
By Joel Urruty
Located in Greenwich, CT
"As an artist I strive to create elegant sculptures that capture the true essence of the subject matter. Form, line and surface are used as the visual language. The figure is abstrac...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Gold Leaf
Joel Urruty - Lithium
By Joel Urruty
Located in Greenwich, CT
"As an artist I strive to create elegant sculptures that capture the true essence of the subject matter. Form, line and surface are used as the visual language. The figure is abstrac...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Lacquer
Joel Urruty - Lady in Black
By Joel Urruty
Located in Greenwich, CT
"As an artist I strive to create elegant sculptures that capture the true essence of the subject matter. Form, line and surface are used as the visual language. The figure is abstrac...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Concrete
Jim Perry - Emerging, Sculpture 2022
Located in Greenwich, CT
Medium:
Sapele Wood
Jim Perry’s sculpture has been included in the Whitney Biennial as well as solo exhibitions at Calloway Fine Art & Consulting, Washington, DC (2018); The Center ...
Category
2010s Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Jim Perry - Ebb and Flow, Sculpture 2018
Located in Greenwich, CT
Medium:
Sapele Wood
Jim Perry’s sculpture has been included in the Whitney Biennial as well as solo exhibitions at Calloway Fine Art & Consulting, Washington, DC (2018); The Center ...
Category
2010s Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Patricia Miranda, Pearls Before Swine 2020, cochineal dyes, pages, sewn pearls
By Patricia Miranda
Located in Darien, CT
Patricia Miranda's work includes interdisciplinary installation, textile, paper and books. The textiles incorporated in these new pieces are vintage linens from her Italian and Irish grandmothers and sourced from friends and strangers around the country. Each donation is documented and integrated into the work. Textile as a form that wraps the body from cradle to grave. The role of lacemaking in the lives of women both economically and historically is packed with metaphorical potential. The relationship of craft and women’s work (re)appropriated by artists today to environmental and social issues is integral to the artist's research.
Her work is process oriented; materials are submerged in natural dyes from oak gall wasp nests, cochineal insects, turmeric, indigo, and clay. She forages for raw materials, cook dyes, grind pigments, ecofeminist actions that consider environmental impacts of objects. The process is left visible as dyestuff is unfiltered in the vat and finished work. Sewn into larger works, Miranda incorporates hair, pearls, bone beads, Milagros, cast plaster. The distinct genetics and environmental and cultural history of each material asserts its voice as collaborator rather than medium.
The lace inserts a visceral femininity into the pristine gallery, and exerts a ghostly trace of the history of domestic labor. The combination of earth and lace references human and environmental devastation and the conflation of nature and women’s bodies as justifications for exploitation. Mournful and solastalgic, they are lamentations to the violence against women and the earth.
Patricia Miranda is an interdisciplinary artist, curator, educator, and founder of The Crit Lab, graduate-level critique seminars and Residency for artists, and MAPSpace project space. She has been Visiting Artist at Vermont Studio Center, the Heckscher Museum, and University of Utah; and been awarded residencies at I-Park, Weir Farm, Vermont Studio Center, and Julio Valdez Printmaking Studio.
She received an Anonymous Was a Woman Covid19 Artist Relief Grant, an artist grant from ArtsWestchester/New York State Council on the Arts, and was part of a year-long NEA grant working with homeless youth.
Miranda currently teaches graduate curatorial studies at Western Colorado University, and develops programs for K-12, museums, and institutions such as Franklin Furnace.
Her work has been exhibited at ODETTA, NYC; ABC No Rio, NYC; Alexey von...
Category
2010s Feminist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Thread, Dye, Found Objects
Patricia Miranda, Seeing Red Lace, 2020, egg tempera on panel
By Patricia Miranda
Located in Darien, CT
Patricia Miranda's work includes interdisciplinary installation, textile, paper and books. The textiles incorporated in these new pieces are vintage linens from her Italian and Irish grandmothers and sourced from friends and strangers around the country. Each donation is documented and integrated into the work. Textile as a form that wraps the body from cradle to grave. The role of lacemaking in the lives of women both economically and historically is packed with metaphorical potential. The relationship of craft and women’s work (re)appropriated by artists today to environmental and social issues is integral to the artist's research.
Her work is process oriented; materials are submerged in natural dyes from oak gall wasp nests, cochineal insects, turmeric, indigo, and clay. She forages for raw materials, cook dyes, grind pigments, ecofeminist actions that consider environmental impacts of objects. The process is left visible as dyestuff is unfiltered in the vat and finished work. Sewn into larger works, Miranda incorporates hair, pearls, bone beads, Milagros, cast plaster. The distinct genetics and environmental and cultural history of each material asserts its voice as collaborator rather than medium.
The lace inserts a visceral femininity into the pristine gallery, and exerts a ghostly trace of the history of domestic labor. The combination of earth and lace references human and environmental devastation and the conflation of nature and women’s bodies as justifications for exploitation. Mournful and solastalgic, they are lamentations to the violence against women and the earth.
Patricia Miranda is an interdisciplinary artist, curator, educator, and founder of The Crit Lab, graduate-level critique seminars and Residency for artists, and MAPSpace project space. She has been Visiting Artist at Vermont Studio Center, the Heckscher Museum, and University of Utah; and been awarded residencies at I-Park, Weir Farm, Vermont Studio Center, and Julio Valdez Printmaking Studio.
She received an Anonymous Was a Woman Covid19 Artist Relief Grant, an artist grant from ArtsWestchester/New York State Council on the Arts, and was part of a year-long NEA grant working with homeless youth.
Miranda currently teaches graduate curatorial studies at Western Colorado University, and develops programs for K-12, museums, and institutions such as Franklin Furnace.
Her work has been exhibited at ODETTA, NYC; ABC No Rio, NYC; Alexey von...
Category
2010s Feminist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Fabric, Plastic, Dye
Patricia Miranda, Lamentations for Rebecca; 2020, lace, cochineal dye, thread
By Patricia Miranda
Located in Darien, CT
Patricia Miranda's work includes interdisciplinary installation, textile, paper and books. The textiles incorporated in these new pieces are vintage linens from her Italian and Irish grandmothers and sourced from friends and strangers around the country. Each donation is documented and integrated into the work. Textile as a form that wraps the body from cradle to grave. The role of lacemaking in the lives of women both economically and historically is packed with metaphorical potential. The relationship of craft and women’s work (re)appropriated by artists today to environmental and social issues is integral to the artist's research.
Her work is process oriented; materials are submerged in natural dyes from oak gall wasp nests, cochineal insects, turmeric, indigo, and clay. She forages for raw materials, cook dyes, grind pigments, ecofeminist actions that consider environmental impacts of objects. The process is left visible as dyestuff is unfiltered in the vat and finished work. Sewn into larger works, Miranda incorporates hair, pearls, bone beads, Milagros, cast plaster. The distinct genetics and environmental and cultural history of each material asserts its voice as collaborator rather than medium.
The lace inserts a visceral femininity into the pristine gallery, and exerts a ghostly trace of the history of domestic labor. The combination of earth and lace references human and environmental devastation and the conflation of nature and women’s bodies as justifications for exploitation. Mournful and solastalgic, they are lamentations to the violence against women and the earth.
Patricia Miranda is an interdisciplinary artist, curator, educator, and founder of The Crit Lab, graduate-level critique seminars and Residency for artists, and MAPSpace project space. She has been Visiting Artist at Vermont Studio Center, the Heckscher Museum, and University of Utah; and been awarded residencies at I-Park, Weir Farm, Vermont Studio Center, and Julio Valdez Printmaking Studio.
She received an Anonymous Was a Woman Covid19 Artist Relief Grant, an artist grant from ArtsWestchester/New York State Council on the Arts, and was part of a year-long NEA grant working with homeless youth.
Miranda currently teaches graduate curatorial studies at Western Colorado University, and develops programs for K-12, museums, and institutions such as Franklin Furnace.
Her work has been exhibited at ODETTA, NYC; ABC No Rio, NYC; Alexey von...
Category
2010s Feminist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic, Fabric, Thread, Dye, Found Objects
Patricia Miranda, Florilegium Series, 2016, cochineal dyes, antique books, pearl
By Patricia Miranda
Located in Darien, CT
Patricia Miranda's work includes interdisciplinary installation, textile, paper and books. The textiles incorporated in these new pieces are vintage linens from her Italian and Irish grandmothers and sourced from friends and strangers around the country. Each donation is documented and integrated into the work. Textile as a form that wraps the body from cradle to grave. The role of lacemaking in the lives of women both economically and historically is packed with metaphorical potential. The relationship of craft and women’s work (re)appropriated by artists today to environmental and social issues is integral to the artist's research.
Her work is process oriented; materials are submerged in natural dyes from oak gall wasp nests, cochineal insects, turmeric, indigo, and clay. She forages for raw materials, cook dyes, grind pigments, ecofeminist actions that consider environmental impacts of objects. The process is left visible as dyestuff is unfiltered in the vat and finished work. Sewn into larger works, Miranda incorporates hair, pearls, bone beads, Milagros, cast plaster. The distinct genetics and environmental and cultural history of each material asserts its voice as collaborator rather than medium.
The lace inserts a visceral femininity into the pristine gallery, and exerts a ghostly trace of the history of domestic labor. The combination of earth and lace references human and environmental devastation and the conflation of nature and women’s bodies as justifications for exploitation. Mournful and solastalgic, they are lamentations to the violence against women and the earth.
Patricia Miranda is an interdisciplinary artist, curator, educator, and founder of The Crit Lab, graduate-level critique seminars and Residency for artists, and MAPSpace project space. She has been Visiting Artist at Vermont Studio Center, the Heckscher Museum, and University of Utah; and been awarded residencies at I-Park, Weir Farm, Vermont Studio Center, and Julio Valdez Printmaking Studio.
She received an Anonymous Was a Woman Covid19 Artist Relief Grant, an artist grant from ArtsWestchester/New York State Council on the Arts, and was part of a year-long NEA grant working with homeless youth.
Miranda currently teaches graduate curatorial studies at Western Colorado University, and develops programs for K-12, museums, and institutions such as Franklin Furnace.
Her work has been exhibited at ODETTA, NYC; ABC No Rio, NYC; Alexey von...
Category
2010s Feminist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Fabric, Thread, Plaster, Dye, Found Objects
Richard Bottwin, Parallel #6, 2006, Wood Veneers and Acrylic
By Richard Bottwin
Located in Darien, CT
Architecture and functional objects inform the vocabulary of Richard Bottwin’s sculpture. The plywood surfaces, laminated with wood veneers or painted with acrylic colors, are confi...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Post-Minimalist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Acrylic
Andra Samelson, Microcosm 2, 2016, Canvas, Wood, Found Objects, Acrylic Paint
By Andra Samelson
Located in Darien, CT
Andra Samelson’s work explores the relationship of microcosm and macrocosm, the celestial and terrestrial. Her imagery is often associated with molecular and galactic systems. Combin...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Found Objects, Acrylic
Nancy Baker, Bulwark, 2019, painting, collage, cut out board, 15 x 15 x 2 inches
By Nancy Baker
Located in Darien, CT
These new paintings and works on paper are the outgrowth of experimentation that seeks to bring the work to a newer outpost of Baker’s search for an honest self-revelation. The new s...
Category
2010s Rococo Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Acrylic, Board, Archival Pigment, Wood Panel
Karen Schiff, Space Eyes, 2016, Wood, Acrylic Paint, Watercolor
By Karen Schiff
Located in Darien, CT
Karen Schiff is an artist and wordsmith based in New York; she has always been a reader as well as a visual artist. Her drawings, paintings, installations, and performances combine t...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Acrylic, Watercolor
Jo Yarrington, Mute-Ability_Composition 2, 2019_acrylic, steel, player piano rol
By Jo Yarrington
Located in Darien, CT
Jo Yarrington’s photographs, prints, works on paper, glass sculptures and architecturally-based installations have been shown in exhibitions at the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, Yale University, Cornell University, the Museum of Glass, the DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, Artists Space, St. John the Divine Cathedral, Grounds for Sculpture, the Museum of American Glass and ODETTA, among others.
International exhibitions have included Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts Museum, Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow Cathedral, Glasgow University, Galeria Sala Uno and Centro de las Artes de Guanajuato. She represented the United States at the Sharjah Biennial, United Arab Emirates and participated in the Berlin Biennial. in 2010 she received the Bronze Prize, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Skopje, Macedonia.
Yarrington is a recipient of artist grants and Fellowships from the Pollock Krasner Foundation, the New York Foundation for the Arts, the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts and the Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism. She has received Residency Fellowships from the MacDowell Colony, the Museum of Glass, the Museum of American Glass, the Bridge Virtual Residency/ SciArt Center, the Lucile Walton Fellow/Mountain Lake Biological Station, the Virginia Center for Creative Arts, the Anderson Center and the Ucross Foundation, among others.
International grants and fellowships have included the Banff Center for Arts and Creativity/Canada, SIMS Residency/ Iceland, Cill Rialaig Artists Residency/Ireland, the Burren College of Art Residency/Ireland and the American Scandinavian Foundation. She is a Professor of Visual and Performing Arts at Fairfield University and lives and works in New York City.
STATEMENT
In site-specific exhibitions, public art commissions, collaborative and individual projects Jo Yarrington has used varied combinations of glass, waxed surfaces, found artifacts and experimental analog photography to investigate the way we perceive – searching for, experimenting with and developing throughout a sensory-based vernacular. Her mostly translucent materials function as physical framework and symbolic membrane. Light, both natural and ambient, provides a kinetic or time-based element to her work. Scale and the integration of architecture are also pivotal components.
In the 6-part installation for the two-person exhibition Illuminated, Yarrington continues her interest in the connections between vision, sound and language. In Mute-ability: Compositions 1 – 6, her title for this light-based comprehensive work, she combines the words mute and malleability. The work focuses on found piano rolls, a music storage medium, originally conceived as coded notations or ‘note control data’ for music produced in pneumatic player pianos...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Steel
Diane Englander, White and Yellow Wood 2018, scrapwood and acrylic, 7 x 11.25 in
By Diane Englander
Located in Darien, CT
Diane Englander uses formal means to create a place between discord and tranquility, a zone with a charged harmony that energizes as it also provides refuge. That often requires that the prettiness of an initial surface is made ugly, or there’s a conscious choice to avoid balance in the composition.
Hers is a largely intuitive process, the materials entice her. Inspiration from the world that we don't call “art” is where she finds her muse: a wall, a landscape, a window shade transfused with light, a stretch of sand and shadow. Most influential are predecessors like Burri, Vicente, Tapies, Motherwell, Rauschenberg, medieval cloisonné, Vermeer, Breughel, and many, many more.
A native New Yorker, Diane had an earlier career including 17 years as a management consultant to local nonprofits concerned with poverty or disenfranchisement; work in NYC government; and several years as a lawyer at a large NYC law firm.
“I was brought up going to galleries and museums, a sometimes reluctant attendant to my parents’ passion for looking and for collecting. My own expressive energy must have simmered internally for years, occasionally emerging in photography, in quilt-making, in other tentative explorations, and certainly in providing opportunity and materials for my children to create. Not until those children were nearly grown did I come unequivocally to the need to make art myself.”
In late 2006 Diane began making collages that started her on her current path; in late 2007 she left her consulting job to focus on her artwork full-time.
She has studied with Bruce Dorfman at the Art Students League in New York, and has had solo exhibits at the Alexey von Schlippe...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Acrylic, Wood
Loren Eiferman, Winter Solstice, 2012, 165 Pieces of Wood, Putty, Wood Sculpture
By Loren Eiferman
Located in Darien, CT
Over many decades Loren Eiferman has created and mastered a unique technique of working with wood—her primary material.
First, she begins with a drawing of an idea. Then she takes a daily walk in the woods surrounding her studio and collects tree limbs and long sticks that have fallen to the ground. She never chops down a living tree or uses green wood. Eiferman allows the wood time to cure in the studio to make sure it won’t check or crack.
Next, she debarks the branch and looks for shapes found within each piece of wood. Using a Japanese hand saw, she cuts and connect these small shapes together using dowels and wood glue. Then, all the open joints get filled with a home made putty, which is then sanded so she can see the newly formed shapes.
This process is until the new sculpture appears like the original line drawing but in space. She wants the work to appear as if it grew in nature, when in fact each sculpture is composed of over 100 small pieces of wood that are seamlessly jointed together.
Her work can be called the ultimate recycling: taking the detritus of nature and giving it a new life. We have all at one point or another picked up a stick from the ground—touched the wood, peeled the bark off with our fingernails. Her work taps into that same primal desire of touching nature and being close to it. Trees connect us back to nature, back to this Earth. Her work has a meditative quality to it—a quiet, calming energy.
Her influences are many; from looking at nature and plant life on this Earth to researching the heavenly bodies in the images beamed back from the Hubble Telescope. From studying ancient Buddhist mandalas and designs to delving deeper into quantum physics. And from researching mysterious manuscripts to studying the patterns inside our brains.
Her newest body of work is inspired by the illustrations found in the Voynich Manuscript. This 250-page book, is believed to have been written in the early 15th century, of a mysterious origin and purpose.
Written in an unknown language and currently housed at Yale University’s Beinecke Rare Book Library, the manuscript has eluded all attempts in the intervening centuries to decode or decipher its purpose and meaning. This enigmatic book is divided into 6 different sections (herbal, astronomical, biological, cosmological, pharmaceutical and recipes).
Having discovered the images contained in this codex over the Internet, Eiferman felt an immediate, profound and inexplicable connection to this manuscript and its creator.
The artist is currently transposing the “herbal” section of manuscript into sculptures. This section has drawings in it of plants and flowers that do not really exist in nature—past or present. These aren’t just pretty images of flowers—they also contain the wacky root systems and seemingly out of proportion leaves, stamens and pistils.
Loren Eiferman was born in Brooklyn, NY. She received her BFA from SUNY Purchase.
Her work has been exhibited extensively throughout the Tri-State region including gallery and museum exhibitions in the Hudson Valley and Connecticut.
Her work is included in numerous corporate and private art collections.
In 2014 she was awarded a NYC MTA Arts & Design art commission to produce steel railings...
Category
2010s Abstract Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Putty
Jesse Hickman, Note Four Twenty Seven Sixteen, 2016, Enamel, Wood
By Jesse Hickman
Located in Darien, CT
Over the past few years, Jesse Hickman has been making minimal abstract paintings on wood with few constraints. He calls this series Notes, thinking of these pieces as drawn sketches...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Enamel
Diane Englander, White and Wood 13 2015, scrapwood and acrylic , 7.25 x 12 x 1.25
By Diane Englander
Located in Darien, CT
Diane Englander uses formal means to create a place between discord and tranquility, a zone with a charged harmony that energizes as it also provides refuge. That often requires tha...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Acrylic
Diane Englander, White and Wood IX, 2014, Wood, Mixed Media
By Diane Englander
Located in Darien, CT
A native New Yorker, Diane had an earlier career including 17 years as a management consultant to local nonprofits concerned with poverty or disenfranchisement; work in NYC governmen...
Category
2010s Arte Povera Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Mixed Media, Acrylic
Daniel G. Hill, Sling, 2016, stainless steel wire, music wire, 34 x 24 x 15 in
By Daniel G. Hill
Located in Darien, CT
In recent years, Daniel G. Hill has been fixated on the work’s method of construction and its physical presence. During the winter of 2014, he began a new line of inquiry, translati...
Category
2010s Minimalist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Stainless Steel, Wire
Diamonti #1
By KX2: Ruth Avra and Dana Kleinman
Located in Westport, CT
This is a set of 8 works, each 12 x 12 x 4 1inches. The overall size of the set as shown in the photo is 25 x 54 x 4 inches.
The exact medium is brushed aluminum with mixed media....
Category
2010s Contemporary Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Metal
Norma Márquez Orozco, The Sun, 2016, Translucent Paper, 30 x 30, Minimalist
By Norma Marquez Orozco
Located in Darien, CT
Norma Marquez Orozco explores concepts of impermanence, perception, form and balance through physical movement of the work itself in a lucid, game-like context, like puzzles. All the elements are made of paper, molded into three-dimensional forms. The repetitive geometric shapes are assembled inside boxes built out of translucent paper. The arrangement is random and unfixed to allow movement and unpredictable composition.
The harmonies and tensions in the work arise from different exchanges between the colors, the patterns, and the geometric and organic shapes, as well as the sense that change is constantly occurring as the elements shift and move.
When one looks at these compositions, you see them for the first time, every time, because what is creating and completing the artwork is always changing; such as light, weather and forms merge and interact. As a result of these dynamic relationships, the work extends beyond her personal hand, sustaining an appearance and composition entirely of its own.
Norma Márquez Orozco was
born
in
Chicago,
Illinois,
and
raised
in
Guadalajara,
Jalisco,
Mexico.
Her work can be seen as an investigation into the way relationships emerge and evolve when elements like color, form, shape, lines, angle and pattern are blended, shifted and layered.
She currently lives and works in New York City. Marquez Orozco
has
curated
exhibitions throughout
New
York
and
has hosted
lectures
and
artist
talks
for
the
public. In
2001
she founded
Floor4Art, an
alternative
space
in
West
Harlem
that
houses
artist’s
studios
and
exhibition
space
aimed
at
producing,
promoting
and
connecting
artists.
Exhibition venues include: ODETTA, Brooklyn, NY, Longwood Art Gallery, Queens Museum, The (S)Files 007/ El Barrio...
Category
2010s Minimalist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Archival Paper
Sylvia Schwartz, 'A Field of Grass', 2014, Plaster, Minimalist
By Sylvia Schwartz
Located in Darien, CT
In Sylvia Schwartz' structures, silicone molds are cast from both natural and hand-made forms, including clay coils, volcanic rock patterns, seaweed, and her own fingerprints.
The h...
Category
2010s Minimalist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Plaster
Yvette Cohen, 3+2, Triptych_2011_oil, shaped canvas, wood dowel, Minimalist
By Yvette Cohen
Located in Darien, CT
Yvette Cohen’s oil paintings of geometric masses of color on shaped canvas become objects that fluctuate between two and three dimensions, bridging the divide between sculpture and ...
Category
2010s Minimalist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Oil
Yvette Cohen, Thin Air 2 & 3, 2011, oil, shaped canvas, wood dowel, Minimalist
By Yvette Cohen
Located in Darien, CT
Yvette Cohen’s oil paintings of geometric masses of color on shaped canvas become objects that fluctuate between two and three dimensions, bridging the divide between sculpture and ...
Category
2010s Minimalist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Oil
Moving Planes, abstraction
Located in Greenwich, CT
Moving Planes dates from the period in Iommi’s body of work that corresponds to the so-called “Baroque” period of Concrete Art. This is a sophisticated work that picks up exploring i...
Category
1970s Abstract Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Marble, Metal
The Time of Our Time Has Come and Gone, 2018, Gaffer tape on floor
By David Borawski
Located in Darien, CT
David Borawski lives and works in Hartford, Connecticut, and received his BFA from the Hartford Art School of the University of Hartford.
A multi-media installation artist, his work...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Tape
Gil Scullion, You Need, 2017, 20 sheets of stacked hand-cut paper
By Gil Scullion
Located in Darien, CT
Where do we come from? Where are we going? What the hell is going on here? 2017-2018 Hand cut paper in wood box
Gil Scullion’s conceptual text-based work has been featured in exhibi...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Paper
Gil Scullion, Your Convictions, 2017, 20 sheets of stacked hand-cut paper
By Gil Scullion
Located in Darien, CT
Where do we come from? Where are we going? What the hell is going on here? 2017-2018 Hand cut paper in wood box
Gil Scullion’s conceptual text-based work has been featured in exhibi...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Paper
Dorothy Mayhall, Monument 4, 1994, Terracotta, Acrylic Paint
By Dorothy Mayhall
Located in Darien, CT
Dorothy Mayhall's small sculptures are little monuments to be toyed with and handled. They should be picked up, fondled, and examined like a rock or shell you collect on the beach be...
Category
1990s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta, Acrylic
Dorothy Mayhall, Monument 5, 1995, Terracotta, Acrylic Paint
By Dorothy Mayhall
Located in Darien, CT
Dorothy Mayhall's small sculptures are little monuments to be toyed with and handled. They should be picked up, fondled, and examined like a rock or shell you collect on the beach be...
Category
1990s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta, Acrylic
Emily Feinstein, Barge, 2015, Wood, Paint
By Emily Feinstein
Located in Darien, CT
Emily Feinstein grew up with a father who was a cabinetmaker with a shop in the basement. She spent a lot of time making things and constructing with wood. Her ongoing interest in r...
Category
2010s Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Paint
Ryan Cronin - Bunny, Sculpture 2010
Located in Greenwich, CT
Bunny
Ryan Cronin
Oil Paint, Wood, and Fiberglass
52" (Height) x 25" (Width) x 12.5" (Depth)
When people look at his work Cronin wants them to feel an immediate impact, even if they...
Category
2010s Abstract Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Oil, Fiberglass, Wood
Dorothy Mayhall, Monument #26, 1993, Terracotta, Acrylic Paint
By Dorothy Mayhall
Located in Darien, CT
Dorothy Mayhall's small sculptures are little monuments to be toyed with and handled. They should be picked up, fondled, and examined like a rock or shell you collect on the beach be...
Category
1990s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta, Acrylic
Cabinet of Wonders, Persistence and the Fugitive
By Greg Garvey
Located in Darien, CT
This flat file installation is a kind of Wunderkammer – a Cabinet of Wonder or Curiosity containing a small idiosyncratic collection of select wonders and oddities of the natural wor...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Video, Found Objects
Fritz Horstman, Glacier Face, 2016, Wood, Walnut
By Fritz Horstman
Located in Darien, CT
While working on a large building project several years ago the artist, Fritz Horstman was struck by the poetry in the unfinished state of the construction site. He was drawn specifically to the space between the plywood walls that were raised as formworks for the pouring of cement. That space could only exist for a few hours before the cement truck...
Category
2010s Conceptual Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Walnut
Fritz Horstman, Formwork for a Deep Bend, 2016, Wood, Plywood
By Fritz Horstman
Located in Darien, CT
While working on a large building project several years ago the artist, Fritz Horstman was struck by the poetry in the unfinished state of the construction site. He was drawn specifically to the space between the plywood walls that were raised as formworks for the pouring of cement. That space could only exist for a few hours before the cement truck...
Category
2010s Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Plywood
Karen Schiff, Space Eyes, 2016, Wood, Gouache
By Karen Schiff
Located in Darien, CT
Karen Schiff is an artist and wordsmith based in New York; she has always been a reader as well as a visual artist. Her drawings, paintings, installations, and performances combine t...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Gouache
Sylvia Schwartz, 'Brush Stroke, sculptural element in Red Plane', 2016, Resin
By Sylvia Schwartz
Located in Darien, CT
Sylvia Schwartz
In her structures, silicone molds are cast from both natural and hand-made forms, including clay coils, volcanic rock patterns, seaweed, and the artist’s own fingerprints. Leaving the human trace evident through the repetition of shapes and textures in both the natural and man-made elements, provides a measure of stability, a reference point. These manmade and natural forms merge, revealing our inexplicable dependence on nature. Through this melding of two entities, new life is breathed into the art object.
Paper as a primary medium allows Schwartz to sculpt, draw and paint simultaneously. The flow of the pulp (a natural phenomenon in itself) meshes with the molded forms creating a structure that seems to rest on the edge between painting and sculpture. The duality between light and heavy, interior and exterior, planned and accidental, order and chaos, leading ultimately to a sense of life.
Red...
Category
2010s Abstract Expressionist Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Resin, Handmade Paper
Karen Schiff, Space Eyes, 2016, Wood, Acrylic Paint, Watercolor
By Karen Schiff
Located in Darien, CT
Karen Schiff is an artist and wordsmith based in New York; she has always been a reader as well as a visual artist. Her drawings, paintings, installations, and performances combine t...
Category
2010s Abstract Geometric Fairfield County - Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Acrylic, Watercolor
Read More
This Weathered-Steel Sculpture Distills a Form of Protest into a Minimalist Monument
Part of Alejandro Vega Beuvrin’s “Barricada” series, the work is a subversive tribute to the street smarts of citizen activists.
How the Chunky, Funky Ceramics of 5 Mid-Century American Artists Balanced Out Slick Modernism
Get to know the innovators behind the pottery countercultural revolution.
Art Brings the Drama in These Intriguing 1stDibs 50 Spaces
The world’s top designers explain how they display art to elicit the natural (and supernatural) energy of home interiors.
Chryssa’s 1962 Neon Sculpture Was Way ahead of the Art-World Curve
By working with lettering, neon and Pop imagery, Chryssa pioneered several postmodern themes at a time when most male artists detested commercial mediums.
How to Spot a Fake KAWS Figure
KAWS art toys have developed an avid audience in recent decades, and as in any robust collectible market, counterfeiters have followed the mania. Of course, you don’t have to worry about that on 1stDibs, where all our sellers are highly vetted.
A Giant Wedding Cake Has Us Looking at Portuguese Tiles in a New Light
At Waddesdon Manor, artist Joana Vasconcelos has installed a three-tiered patisserie inspired by the narrative tile work of her homeland. We take a look at the cake sculpture and how Portuguese tiles have been used in architecture from the 17th century to today.
These Soft Sculptures Are Childhood Imaginary Friends Come to Life
Miami artist and designer Gabriela Noelle’s fantastical creations appeal to the Peter Pan in all of us.
Hideho Tanaka Carefully Stitched Together Pieces of Paper to Make This Sculptural Textile
The Japanese fiber artist’s ‘Vanishing and Emerging Wall’ may seem innocuous — but it plays with conceptions of time.