South Carolina - Portrait Photography
to
58
33
100
Overall Width
to
Overall Height
to
191
191
97
89
5
52
51
45
18
17
16
15
15
14
13
12
12
12
11
10
9
9
9
8
8
191
191
191
13,406
5,109
Item Ships From: South Carolina
World-Class Racing Yachts at Start of the Regatta, Black and White Photography
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"At the Start"
In this best-selling image, the racing yachts Velsheda, Ranger, and Rainbow wait for the start of a race in Italy.
The nautical print series Sail: Majesty at Sea is an intimate look at two revered racing boat classes and their incredible and enduring design as they navigate the open seas. Images from this series are in the permanent collection of the Mariners' Museum, Newport News...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
World-Class Racing Yachts at Start of the Regatta, Black and White Photography
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"At the Start"
In this best-selling image, the racing yachts Velsheda, Ranger, and Rainbow wait for the start of a race in Italy.
The nautical print series Sail: Majesty at Sea is ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Iconic Portrait of a Young Boy in Ethiopia, Classic, Black and White Photography
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 44"
In this award-winning image, a young Suri boy carries a goat. It's a familiar scene in the Omo Valley and his tribe relies on livestock so he must take part in the car...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
World-Class Racing Yachts at Start of the Regatta, Black and White Photography
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"At the Start"
In this best-selling image, the racing yachts Velsheda, Ranger, and Rainbow wait for the start of a race in Italy.
The nautical print series Sail: Majesty at Sea is ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
J-Class Yacht Velsheda Racing Forward, World Class Sailboat
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"True Bearing"
The boat Velsheda sails along the shores of Porto Cervo, Italy.
The nautical print series Sail: Majesty at Sea is an intimate look at two revered racing boat class...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a Young Woman Wearing Traditional Tribal Jewelry, Africa, Fashion
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Mindisayo's Gaze"
In this best-selling image, a young women in the Rendille tribe of Northern Kenya wears the unique jewelry and ornamentation of this culturally-rich region.
The...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Fashion, Equestrian, Single White Horse with Braided Tail Against Black Backdrop
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Align III"
This award-winning image features the braided tail of a white horse.
The print series Equus: Light & Form focuses on the details of some of the world’s most elite jump...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a Young Woman in East Kenya, Iconic, Empowerment, Fashion
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"A Young Goddess; Mindisayo"
Confident and poised, Mindisayo represents the next generation of women who will set the course for the future of her village and her peers in the years...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a Young Woman Wearing Traditional Tribal Jewelry, Africa, Fashion
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Mindisayo's Gaze"
In this best-selling image, a young women in the Rendille tribe of Northern Kenya wears the unique jewelry and ornamentation of this culturally-rich region.
The...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Wild Horse with Mane Blowing in the Wind, Fashion, Minimal, Best-Seller
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Breathless"
The wind sweeping the beautifully unkempt mane of this wild horse on Sable Island is a reminder of nature's perfection.
The print series Discovering the Horses of Sable...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Ethereal Aerial Image of a Lone White Horse on the Black Sand Beach
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Ocean Escape"
This best-selling image features a lone white horse running across the volcanic black sand beach of Iceland.
Set against Iceland’s ico...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Award-winner, Iceland, Stallion Looking Out Over the Glacial Sea
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"By the Sea"
In an expected yet welcome moment, this stallion ran into the water and then looked out as if enjoying a quiet moment within the beauty of his native land in this best-...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Detailed, Fashion-Inspired Profile Portrait of an Elite Horse
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Velvet Crest"
The smooth coat and bridle are highlighted in this profile portrait of a delicately arched horse's neck.
The print series Equus: Light & Form focuses on the details...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Jewelry and Dress in Ethiopia, Black and White Photography, Horizontal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 10"
A Hamar woman wears a leather apron adorned with cowrie shells and beads of her choosing. Creativity is encouraged when creating these leather garments, as highlighte...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Iconic Portrait of a Young Boy in Ethiopia, Classic, Black and White Photography
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 44"
In this award-winning image, a young Suri boy carries a goat. It's a familiar scene in the Omo Valley and his tribe relies on livestock so he must take part in the car...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
White Horse Beneath a Waterfall, Color Photography, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Unbridled"
In this vivid and best selling image, a lone white Icelandic horse stands calmly beneath the famous waterfall Skogafoss.
Set against Iceland’s iconic backdrop, the pri...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a Warrior Wearing Traditional Dress, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Warrior Embellished"
A young Samburu man wears the traditional adornment of his status as warrior in this detailed and timeless award-winning portrait.
In this print series titl...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Two Wild Horses, Mother and Foal, Minimal, Calming, Horizontal, Equestrian
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Take Heart"
In this iconic, best-selling image of a wild horse sharing a tender moment with her young, she appears to have a heart on her forehead.
The print series Discovering t...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
World-Class Yachts in Fog at the Regatta, Iconic Black and White Print
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"White Out"
As a thick fog enveloped the harbor, the yacht Victory and other 12-Meter boats lined up waiting for the regatta to start. The suspense and excitement hung in the air. ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Sailor's Feet Hanging Over the Deck of the Iconic Yacht Rainbow, Design-Inspired
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Over the Rail"
The sailor's feet lined up over the edge of J-Class yacht Rainbow show that order permeates ever single aspect of this incredible sport.
The nautical print series ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a Wild Horse on Sable Island, Fashion-Inspired, Vertical, Equestrian
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Wind Blown"
Drawn to the timeless, ethereal beauty that unfolds moment to moment during visits to Sable Island and her horses, Drew's images feature the unforgettable nature of wil...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Iconic Profile Portrait of a Sable Island Horse, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Regal"
Ethereal and meditative, a lone wild horse enjoys the breeze on Sable Island.
The print series Discovering the Horses of Sable Island documents one of the last herds of com...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
All-White Camargue Horses Running Through the Water, Uplifting, Ethereal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Spirit Rising"
Three all-white Camargue horses are featured in this best-selling print.
The print series Band of Rebels: White Horses of Camargue captures the powerful spirit of ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Two Wild Horses Rearing Up on Sable Island, Equestrian, Iconic Photograph
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"The Dance"
This award-winning print features a stallion protecting his band from others by defending his family.
The print series Discovering the Horses of Sable Island documents...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Detailed, Fashion-Inspired Profile Portrait of an Elite Horse
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Velvet Crest"
The smooth coat and bridle are highlighted in this profile portrait of a delicately arched horse's neck.
The print series Equus: Light & Form focuses on the details...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Traditional Jewelry Worn in an Ethiopian Tribe, Fashion-Inspired, Horizontal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 45"
This award-winning image features women in the Suri tribe who traditionally bend metal around their ankles and wrists for decorative purposes. Jewelry conveys individ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Wild Sable Island Horse, Equestrian, Horizontal, Contemporary
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Wild Heart"
A dark horse with a brilliant blaze of white on his forehead gallops freely against the backdrop of the Atlantic Ocean.
Representative of the unparalleled, untamed es...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Detailed, Fashion-Inspired Profile Portrait of an Elite Horse
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Velvet Crest"
The smooth coat and bridle are highlighted in this profile portrait of a delicately arched horse's neck.
The print series Equus: Light & Form focuses on the details...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Intimate Portrait of an Iconic White Camargue Horse, France, Vertical, Ethereal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Hush"
The delicate nature of this image encompasses the otherworldly appeal of the Camargue horses in this best-selling black and white photograph.
The print series Band of Rebel...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a White Horse, Black and White Photography, Ethereal, Fashion
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Ethere"
This best-selling, award-winning image is an intimate portrait of an iconic all-white horse native to the Camargue region in the South of France.
The award-winning print ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Woman in Kenya Wearing Tribal Jewelry, Black and White Photography, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Adorned"
This fashion-inspired, award-winning black and white profile portrait of a young Rendille woman shows the delicate yet bold ornamentation that her remote tribal community ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
World Class Racing Yachts in Italy, Nautical, Horizontal, Iconic
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Rainbow Trailed"
The J-Class boats Rainbow and Velsheda sail at near impossible angles as the sailors freely dangle their feet over the edge of the deck.
This award-winning image is in the permanent collection of the Mariners' Museum, Newport News, VA.
The nautical print series Sail: Majesty at Sea is an intimate look at two revered racing boat...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Intimate Portrait of a Sable Island Horse's Beautiful Mane, Fashion, Iconic
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untamed"
The manes of the horses of Sable Island are uniquely styled by the island's natural ecosystem - especially the salty air.
The prin...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Profile Portrait of a Wild Horse on Sable Island With Light Mane, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Whisper"
An intimate, minimal, and fashion-inspired portrait of a wild Sable Island horse with a bold, light mane.
This is a best-selling image.
The print series Discovering th...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Mother Nursing Her Child, Wearing Traditional Tribal Jewelry, Ethiopia, Calming
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 13"
This award-winning image features the bond between a Nyangatom mother as she nurses her child. The tribe’s women pride themselves on their high stacks of necklaces wh...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Equestrian Portrait of a World Class Horse with a Braided Mane, Square
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Nautilus II"
A braided mane adds to the perfection of this horse in this classic, detailed equestrian portrait.
The print series Equus: Light & Form focuses on the details of so...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Two Wild Horses on Sable Island Nuzzling, Calming, Vertical, Ethereal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Caress"
Signs of affection on Sable Island between the horses include nuzzling, like in this image here.
The print series Discovering the Horses of Sable...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Museum Acquisition, Suri Woman, Tribe in Ethiopia, Iconic, Fashion
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 6"
In this award-winning image, a Suri woman's breasts are adorned in an ornate pattern of scars that are a privilege to permanently wear.
This image is in the permanent...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Two Wild Horses on Sable Island Nuzzling, Calming, Vertical, Ethereal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Caress"
Signs of affection on Sable Island between the horses include nuzzling, like in this image here.
The print series Discovering the Horses of Sable Island...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
J Class Sailing Yachts on the Open Seas, Black and White Photography, Horizontal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Majesty at Sea"
With only 9 of these iconic boats still left on the water, and with history of competition in the Olympics and Americas' Cup races, these boats represent the apex o...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Karo Man with a Tortoise Shell, Ethiopia, Fashion, Iconic
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 5"
This powerful, award-winning portrait, inspired by classic fashion photography, features a Karo tribesman with a tortoise shell.
The distinctly preserved cultures of the Omo Valley in Ethiopia are featured in this print series titled Omo: Expressions of a People.
For this series, Drew received the Associate Distinction from the Royal Photographic Society.
These limited edition archival prints are carefully inspected, signed, and numbered by the artist.
Custom sizes are available upon request.
Shared Edition of 75 Across All Sizes.
All images are printed in-house on Hahnemuhle Fine Art Baryta paper and come with a Certificate of Authenticity. For your convenience, all images are printed with a 3” paper border; this is not included in the listed sizes.
ABOUT DREW: Photographer & filmmaker Drew Doggett creates print series featuring the extraordinary stories of diverse cultures and communities seen through a fashion-inspired lens. Through both intimate and expansive perspectives, he reveals his subjects in vivid detail. Drew's work is in public and private collections around the world, notably the Smithsonian Institute. He has received over 100 awards and honors for his photography and short films; in 2020, he was named number one in the US and fourth globally for black and white photography...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Iconic Portrait of a Young Man Wearing Tribal Face Paint, Ethiopia, Fashion
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 37"
Wearing face paint is typical in the Karo tribe. While the designs are based on tradition, each young man is encouraged to create their own motif.
This award-winnin...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a Young Women in Kenya, Black and White, Meditative
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Fabric of Youth"
A young Rendille woman named Adato watches over the deserted salt flats of the Chalbi Desert. She is a beacon of hope for the future of her tribe.
This image is ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Powerful Portrait of a Young African Woman in Tribal Jewelry, Best-seller, Kenya
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"The Gaze"
An iconic, fashion-inspired portrait of a young Rendille woman highlighting the bold and beautiful traditions of her remote tribal culture.
The print series Desert Song:...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
World Class Racing Yachts in Italy, Nautical, Horizontal, Iconic
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Rainbow Trailed"
The J-Class boats Rainbow and Velsheda sail at near impossible angles as the sailors freely dangle their feet over the edge of the dec...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Two Wild Horses, Mother and Foal, Minimal, Calming, Horizontal, Equestrian
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Take Heart"
In this iconic, best-selling image of a wild horse sharing a tender moment with her young, she appears to have a heart on her forehead.
The print series Discovering t...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of a Tribeswoman, Ethiopia, Fashion, Black and White
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 2"
In this best-selling, award-winning image, a Karo tribeswoman shows off her pierced lower lip. Self expression is paramount in this community, and both men and women c...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Intimate Portrait of an Iconic White Camargue Horse, France, Vertical, Ethereal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Hush"
The delicate nature of this image encompasses the otherworldly appeal of the Camargue horses in this best-selling black and white photograph.
The print series Band of Rebel...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Bold Portrait of a Young Boy in Ethiopia, Horizontal, Black and White
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 32"
A young Suri boy displays the confidence prevalent in his tribe. Jewelry and ornamentation is an important part of his culture, and he takes great pride in wearing his...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Intimate Black and White Print of the World-Class Yacht Northern Light, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Glisten"
In this best-selling image, the droplets of water caused by the path of the 12-Meter yacht Northern Light added an incredible textural detail to the scene.
The nautical ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
World-Class Yachts in Fog at the Regatta, Iconic Black and White Print
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"White Out"
As a thick fog enveloped the harbor, the yacht Victory and other 12-Meter boats lined up waiting for the regatta to start. The suspense and excitement hung in the air. ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Iconic Profile Portrait of a Sable Island Horse, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Regal"
Ethereal and meditative, a lone wild horse enjoys the breeze on Sable Island.
The print series Discovering the Horses of Sable Island documents ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Fashion-Inspired Portrait of an Elite White Horse with a Black Bridle
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Etched in Stone"
This best-selling, award-winning image features the defined musculature of an all white-horse against a black backdrop.
The print series Equus: Light & Form focus...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Karo Man with a Tortoise Shell, Ethiopia, Fashion, Iconic
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untitled 5"
This powerful, award-winning portrait, inspired by classic fashion photography, features a Karo tribesman with a tortoise shell.
The distinctly preserved cultures of the Omo Valley in Ethiopia are featured in this print series titled Omo: Expressions of a People.
For this series, Drew received the Associate Distinction from the Royal Photographic Society.
These limited edition archival prints are carefully inspected, signed, and numbered by the artist.
Custom sizes are available upon request.
Shared Edition of 75 Across All Sizes.
All images are printed in-house on Hahnemuhle Fine Art Baryta paper and come with a Certificate of Authenticity. For your convenience, all images are printed with a 3” paper border; this is not included in the listed sizes.
ABOUT DREW: Photographer & filmmaker Drew Doggett creates print series featuring the extraordinary stories of diverse cultures and communities seen through a fashion-inspired lens. Through both intimate and expansive perspectives, he reveals his subjects in vivid detail. Drew's work is in public and private collections around the world, notably the Smithsonian Institute. He has received over 100 awards and honors for his photography and short films; in 2020, he was named number one in the US and fourth globally for black and white photography...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Portrait of Two Wild Horses, Minimal, Vertical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Kisses"
Two wild horses share a affectionate moment in an ethereal scene from Sable Island.
This is a best-selling image.
The print series Discovering the Horses of Sable Isla...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
J-Class Racing Yacht Shamrock and Sailor in Europe, Iconic, Classic, Nautical
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Shamrock Rising"
With a lone sailor standing on deck, the famed racing yacht Shamrock looks extraordinary.
The nautical print series Sail: Majesty at Sea is an intimate look at t...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Intimate Portrait of a Sable Island Horse's Beautiful Mane, Fashion, Iconic
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Untamed"
The manes of the horses of Sable Island are uniquely styled by the island's natural ecosystem - especially the salty air.
The prin...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
All-White Camargue Horses Running Through the Water, Uplifting, Ethereal
By Drew Doggett
Located in US
"Spirit Rising"
Three all-white Camargue horses are featured in this best-selling print.
The print series Band of Rebels: White Horses of Camargue captures the powerful spirit of ...
Category
2010s Contemporary South Carolina - Portrait Photography
Materials
Archival Pigment
Read More
This Week-Old Calf Named Bug Is One of Randal Ford’s Most Adorable Models
In a recent collection of animal portraits, he brings fashion photography to the farm.
11 of Annie Leibovitz’s Most Talked-About Photographs
See why the famed photographer's celebrity portraits have graced magazine covers and become headline grabbers in their own right for five decades and counting.
Queen Elizabeth’s Life in Photos
She was one of the most photographed women in history, but the world’s longest-reigning queen remained something of a mystery throughout her decades on the throne.
Photographer to Know: William Klein
The noted lensman brought a bold sense of irony to fashion photography in the 1950s and '60s, transforming the industry. But his work in street photography, documentary filmmaking and abstract art is just as striking.
Chris Levine’s Portrait of a Shut-Eyed Queen Elizabeth Sparkles with Crystals
Celebrate the queen's Platinum Jubilee with a glittering, Pop-art version of the most famous and thought-provoking photo of Her Royal Majesty.
In Milan, La DoubleJ Celebrates Women of Design through Portraiture
During Salone del Mobile, Robyn Lea photographed some of the most powerful creative forces in the European design industry, decked out in J.J. Martin’s maximal fashion line.
Lori Grinker’s Artful Photographs of a Young Mike Tyson Are a Knockout!
The New York photographer tells us how an encounter with the then-13-year-old boxer led to a decade-long project that saw them both go pro.
John Dolan’s Photographs Capture the Art and Soul of a Wedding Day
In a new book compiling 30 years' worth of images, the photographer reveals that it's the in-between moments that make a wedding special.