Skip to main content

Liaigre Sconce

Pair of Bronze Deployable "Liseuse à Bras" Reading Sconces by Christian Liaigre
Pair of Bronze Deployable "Liseuse à Bras" Reading Sconces by Christian Liaigre

Pair of Bronze Deployable "Liseuse à Bras" Reading Sconces by Christian Liaigre

By Christian Liaigre

Located in New York, NY

The lampshade, with its small bakelite handle, Liaigre's signature, allows the reflector to be positioned as desired.

Category

Vintage 1980s French Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Bronze

Recent Sales

Christian Liaigre, Mercer Hotel Wall Sconces, Pair
Christian Liaigre, Mercer Hotel Wall Sconces, Pair

Christian Liaigre, Mercer Hotel Wall Sconces, Pair

By Christian Liaigre

Located in Astoria, NY

These sconces are from the original Liaigre 1997 design and predate the 2023 renovation.

Category

Late 20th Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Steel

Christian Liaigre, Mercer Kitchen Wall Sconces, Pair
Christian Liaigre, Mercer Kitchen Wall Sconces, Pair

Christian Liaigre, Mercer Kitchen Wall Sconces, Pair

By Christian Liaigre

Located in Astoria, NY

Christian Liaigre (French, 1943-2020) Mercer Kitchen (designed 1997) pair of wall sconces, each comprising a galvanized steel two-light wall mount with a emerald-cut shaped paper sha...

Category

Late 20th Century Post-Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Steel

Modernist Chrome Desk Lamp by Roger Nathan for Saint Germain Lumière, 1970s.
Modernist Chrome Desk Lamp by Roger Nathan for Saint Germain Lumière, 1970s.

Modernist Chrome Desk Lamp by Roger Nathan for Saint Germain Lumière, 1970s.

By Christian Liaigre

Located in Lille, FR

Modernist Chrome Desk Lamp by Roger Nathan for Saint Germain Lumière, 1970s.

Category

Vintage 1970s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum

Christian Liaigre Pair of Swing Arm Sconces
Christian Liaigre Pair of Swing Arm Sconces

Christian Liaigre Pair of Swing Arm Sconces

By Christian Liaigre

Located in Water Mill, NY

Pr. of Christian Liaigre matte nickel swing arm sconces with Shades..D24 with shade...H10 with shade.

Category

20th Century American Wall Lights and Sconces

You May Also Like

Pair of Hinson Brass Swing Arm Wall Sconces manufactured in Spain by Metalarte
Pair of Hinson Brass Swing Arm Wall Sconces manufactured in Spain by Metalarte

Pair of Hinson Brass Swing Arm Wall Sconces manufactured in Spain by Metalarte

By Metalarte Spain, Hinson

Located in New York, NY

Beautiful pair of Hinson solid Brass swing arm sconces. Originally designed by George Hansen in the 1940s and later bought by Harry Hinson in 1991 and continued to manufacture the s...

Category

1990s Spanish Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of  French Maison Lancel  Brass Hand Sconces
Pair of  French Maison Lancel  Brass Hand Sconces

Pair of French Maison Lancel Brass Hand Sconces

$3,250 / set

H 13 in W 5.5 in D 8 in

Pair of French Maison Lancel Brass Hand Sconces

By Maison Lancel

Located in Miami, FL

Pair of Maison Lancel “Hand” sconces US rewired and in working condition 40 watts max bulb. Priced by pair Back plate: 3 inches diameter. Custom backplate available.

Category

Vintage 1960s French Neoclassical Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass, Bronze

Pair of Modern Solid Brass Sconces in the Style of Hans Agne Jakobsson, EL135
Pair of Modern Solid Brass Sconces in the Style of Hans Agne Jakobsson, EL135

Pair of Modern Solid Brass Sconces in the Style of Hans Agne Jakobsson, EL135

By Hans-Agne Jakobsson

Located in Ternay, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Modern Italian wall lights in the taste of Hans Agne Jakobsson's work. Structure and cup in solid brass and frosted glass disc. Excellent condition (modern creation), quantity on req...

Category

2010s European Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Mid-Century Modernist Swing Arm Articulating Sconces in Polished Brass
Pair of Mid-Century Modernist Swing Arm Articulating Sconces in Polished Brass

Pair of Mid-Century Modernist Swing Arm Articulating Sconces in Polished Brass

Located in New York, NY

This pair of Mid-Century Modernist swing arm sconces, crafted in polished brass circa 1960, exemplifies the sleek and functional aesthetic of the era. Each sconce features an articul...

Category

Vintage 1960s American Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Mauri Almari Scones Model 71032 in Full Brass, Idman 1950s
Pair of Mauri Almari Scones Model 71032 in Full Brass, Idman 1950s

Pair of Mauri Almari Scones Model 71032 in Full Brass, Idman 1950s

By Idman Oy, Mauri Almari

Located in Helsinki, FI

A relatively rare pair of wall lamps by Finnish designer Mauri Almari model 71032 in full brass. This model was manufactured by Idman in the 1950s. It features a full brass body with...

Category

Vintage 1950s Finnish Scandinavian Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Italian Vintage Modernist Brass Sciolari Wall Lights Sconces
Pair of Italian Vintage Modernist Brass Sciolari Wall Lights Sconces

Pair of Italian Vintage Modernist Brass Sciolari Wall Lights Sconces

By miiss, Sciolari Lighting

Located in Berlin, DE

Pair of beautiful sculptural minimalist brass sconces. Italy, 1970s.

Category

Mid-20th Century Italian Minimalist Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of  Bronze and Brass Arbus Sconces
Pair of  Bronze and Brass Arbus Sconces

Pair of Bronze and Brass Arbus Sconces

$3,650 / set

H 15 in W 5 in D 4 in

Pair of Bronze and Brass Arbus Sconces

By André Arbus

Located in Miami, FL

3 pairs available of Arbus bronze and brass wall sconces . Size of the back bronze part (going on the wall): 3.5" H, 2" W, 8" projection with the shade. 6'H without the shade, 15 ...

Category

20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass, Bronze

Pair of Wall Lamps by Hans-Agne Jakobsson Model V-169
Pair of Wall Lamps by Hans-Agne Jakobsson Model V-169

Pair of Wall Lamps by Hans-Agne Jakobsson Model V-169

$2,980 / set

H 14.57 in W 3.15 in D 5.91 in

Pair of Wall Lamps by Hans-Agne Jakobsson Model V-169

By Hans-Agne Jakobsson

Located in Vienna, AT

Modernist wall lamps in brass and smoke-colored glass. Model V 169/14. Designed and made in Sweden by Hans-Agne Jakobsson from circa 1960 second half. Fully working and in very goo...

Category

Vintage 1960s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Art Deco Style Pair of Brass Wall Lights
Art Deco Style Pair of Brass Wall Lights

Art Deco Style Pair of Brass Wall Lights

$3,272 / set

H 23.63 in W 10.24 in D 5.91 in

Art Deco Style Pair of Brass Wall Lights

Located in Bochum, NRW

Pair of wall lights in Art Deco style, a luminous cylinder over a brass support. Cylinder made of lampshade laminated fabric, back support entirely hand made of brass. Different fini...

Category

2010s European Art Deco Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

TF410 Wall Lamp in Satin Brass with Two Orientable Tubular Diffusers by Daluce
TF410 Wall Lamp in Satin Brass with Two Orientable Tubular Diffusers by Daluce

TF410 Wall Lamp in Satin Brass with Two Orientable Tubular Diffusers by Daluce

Located in Geneve, CH

TF410 Wall Lamp in Satin Brass with Two Orientable Tubular Diffusers by Daluce Dimensions: D 13,4 x 6 x H 25,8 cm. Materials: Brass. Available in different finish options: light sa...

Category

2010s Italian Post-Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Wall Lights by Hans-Agne Jakobsson
Pair of Wall Lights by Hans-Agne Jakobsson

Pair of Wall Lights by Hans-Agne Jakobsson

$2,800 / set

H 13 in W 6 in D 6 in

Pair of Wall Lights by Hans-Agne Jakobsson

By Hans-Agne Jakobsson

Located in Long Island City, NY

A pair of wall lights by Hans-Agne Jakobsson, Sweden, circa 1960. Polished brass. Marked by manufacturer. H-13". Existing European wiring, rewiring available upon request.

Category

Vintage 1960s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

DON pair (2) wall sconces in solid brass - by Candas Design
DON pair (2) wall sconces in solid brass - by Candas Design

DON pair (2) wall sconces in solid brass - by Candas Design

$1,951 / set

H 10.24 in W 6.3 in D 3.94 in

DON pair (2) wall sconces in solid brass - by Candas Design

Located in REDA, 22

DONNA is an impressive wall sconce made of solid brass. Sold as pair. Dimensions: H: 26cm (10.2") W: 16cm (6.2") D: 10cm (4") Lamping: 1 x GU10 We offer this design in other size...

Category

2010s European Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass, Chrome, Nickel

Pair of Teak and Brass Wall Light Sconces
Pair of Teak and Brass Wall Light Sconces

Pair of Teak and Brass Wall Light Sconces

$1,700 / set

H 5 in W 12.5 in D 17 in

Pair of Teak and Brass Wall Light Sconces

Located in Nantucket, MA

Pair of Mid-Century Modern brass dome shade wall sconces on teak arms with a brass backplate. Rewired for American use and takes a standard base light bulb. The plate itself is 5" ...

Category

Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Custom Brass Sconces in the Style of Mid-Century Modern
Pair of Custom Brass Sconces in the Style of Mid-Century Modern

Pair of Custom Brass Sconces in the Style of Mid-Century Modern

Located in New York, NY

Pair of custom brass sconces in the Style of Mid-Century Modern. Lead Time for customs made is 8-10 weeks.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights an...

Materials

Brass

DON pair (2) of 60cm (23.5") wall sconce in brass and opaline glass
DON pair (2) of 60cm (23.5") wall sconce in brass and opaline glass

DON pair (2) of 60cm (23.5") wall sconce in brass and opaline glass

Located in REDA, 22

DON is a big wall sconce made of solid brass in bronze finish and European opaline glass shade. Height: 60cm (23.5") Glass in satin mat in diameter of 80 mm and length 300mm We...

Category

2010s European Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass, Chrome, Nickel

Pair of Modern Brass and Glass Sconces
Pair of Modern Brass and Glass Sconces

Pair of Modern Brass and Glass Sconces

$2,600 / set

H 10 in W 4 in D 6 in

Pair of Modern Brass and Glass Sconces

Located in Tarrytown, NY

Made to order. It can be ordered in multiples. Finishes available in polished brass, satin brass, antique brass, polished nickel and satin nickel.

Category

2010s American Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

People Also Browsed

French Designer, Table Lamp, Metal, France, 1950s
French Designer, Table Lamp, Metal, France, 1950s

French Designer, Table Lamp, Metal, France, 1950s

Located in High Point, NC

A black-lacquered metal table lamp designed and produced in France, c. 1950s. Dimensions of Lamp (inches): 10.9"H x 6.5"W x 6.5"D Dimensions of Lamp with Shade (inches): 14.4” H x ...

Category

Vintage 1950s French Mid-Century Modern Table Lamps

Materials

Metal

Midcentury-Inspired Handmade Brass & Opal Glass Wall Sconce, Made-to-Order
Midcentury-Inspired Handmade Brass & Opal Glass Wall Sconce, Made-to-Order

Midcentury-Inspired Handmade Brass & Opal Glass Wall Sconce, Made-to-Order

By Lightmaker Studio

Located in Kingston, Ontario

With curvaceous shapes and a nipped centre, Betty is a modern take on midcentury era design. Sculptural mold-blown glass spheres glow in opal opaque, semi-opaque colors or clear glas...

Category

2010s Canadian Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Reproduction of a of art deco nickel wall lamp (Bigger one)
Reproduction of a of art deco nickel wall lamp (Bigger one)

Reproduction of a of art deco nickel wall lamp (Bigger one)

$975 / item

H 19.1 in W 8.47 in D 9.45 in

Reproduction of a of art deco nickel wall lamp (Bigger one)

Located in Wien, Au

Reproduction of a nickel art deco wall lamp This is a reproduction. ( New ) We have also the same in polished brass. It can be brass and lacuered too. The last photo shows we have t...

Category

2010s Austrian Art Deco Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass, Nickel

Golden French 1960s Pendant Flush Light
Golden French 1960s Pendant Flush Light

Golden French 1960s Pendant Flush Light

$1,900Sale Price / item|50% Off

H 16 in Dm 22.5 in

Golden French 1960s Pendant Flush Light

Located in New York, NY

A stunning 1960s French polished solid brass round disc fixture with 16 solid glass orbs. Five-light sources which emit light downward through the glass as well as up toward the ceil...

Category

Vintage 1960s French Mid-Century Modern Flush Mount

Materials

Brass

LUread FS Sconce BR
LUread FS Sconce BR

LUread FS Sconce BR

$1,720 / item

H 6 in W 4.25 in D 18 in

LUread FS Sconce BR

By Lumfardo Luminaires

Located in Inglewood, CA

A foldable and swing version of our original LU read sconce with a foldable and swingable articulated arm to allow for more variance in light direction. Made in solid brass including...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights an...

Materials

Brass

Italian Sconces Stilnovo Style, Brass and 12 cm Diam Glass, Mid-Century Design
Italian Sconces Stilnovo Style, Brass and 12 cm Diam Glass, Mid-Century Design

Italian Sconces Stilnovo Style, Brass and 12 cm Diam Glass, Mid-Century Design

By Gino Sarfatti, Stilnovo

Located in Bochum, NRW

Mid-century design wall lights in the style of Stilnovo. Dimensions: 12 cm width Backplate: 7.5 cm diameter (on request 10 cm available) A stylish combination of brass & opaline...

Category

2010s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Joe 640 Tailored Minimal 20th Century Inspired Pendant Light by Wende Reid
Joe 640 Tailored Minimal 20th Century Inspired Pendant Light by Wende Reid

Joe 640 Tailored Minimal 20th Century Inspired Pendant Light by Wende Reid

By Wende Reid

Located in Chatswood, NSW

This Classic, tailored pendant light, inspired by the stitching on my father's Mark Cross cuff link box, is reminiscent of mid-century style and the early simplicity of Art Deco. Als...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Australian Mid-Century Modern Chandeliers ...

Materials

Brass

Joe 700 Ceiling Lamp  minimal, 20th century modern handmade by Wende Reid
Joe 700 Ceiling Lamp  minimal, 20th century modern handmade by Wende Reid

Joe 700 Ceiling Lamp minimal, 20th century modern handmade by Wende Reid

By Wende Reid

Located in Chatswood, NSW

This classic, tailored, double ceiling lamp, inspired by old Hollywood and menswear is reminiscent of the 1940s and the early simplicity of Art Deco. Its clean shape is the perfect ...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Australian Mid-Century Modern Flush Mount

Materials

Brass

3 Arms Counter Balance Brass Chandelier
3 Arms Counter Balance Brass Chandelier

3 Arms Counter Balance Brass Chandelier

$3,495 / item

H 24 in W 54 in D 54 in

3 Arms Counter Balance Brass Chandelier

By Stilnovo

Located in St- Leonard, Quebec

Elegant minimalist chandelier with 3 counter balanced rotating arm that pivot 180 degree with tiltable shade . Light bounce on ceiling creating an ambient mood and lights up a...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Mid-Century Modern Chandeliers an...

Materials

Brass

Large Raul Reyes 'Rey 26' Perforated Patinated Brass Dome Chandelier
Large Raul Reyes 'Rey 26' Perforated Patinated Brass Dome Chandelier

Large Raul Reyes 'Rey 26' Perforated Patinated Brass Dome Chandelier

By Paavo Tynell, Lisa Johansson-Pape

Located in Los Angeles, CA

Large Raul Reyes 'Rey 26' Perforated Patinated Brass Dome Chandelier. Hand-fabricated in Los Angeles, these highly refined ceiling lamps are reminiscent of the iconic mid-century Fi...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Mid-Century Modern Chandeliers an...

Materials

Brass

Cosmic Pendant 60 'Callisto' Artisan Handmade Lacquered Brass Ceiling Light
Cosmic Pendant 60 'Callisto' Artisan Handmade Lacquered Brass Ceiling Light

Cosmic Pendant 60 'Callisto' Artisan Handmade Lacquered Brass Ceiling Light

By Eva Menz for Atelier001

Located in London, England

Inspired by planet-like forms and textures, the Cosmic collection explores the interplay between metal and a selection of double-sided, piano-lacquered finishes. Two finely lacquer...

Category

2010s British Organic Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

Huge MCM Style Brass Pendant Uplighter with 4 lights
Huge MCM Style Brass Pendant Uplighter with 4 lights

Huge MCM Style Brass Pendant Uplighter with 4 lights

$3,495 / item

H 25 in W 30 in D 30 in

Huge MCM Style Brass Pendant Uplighter with 4 lights

By Gino Sarfatti, Lightolier, Gerald Thurston

Located in St- Leonard, Quebec

MCM style BRASS pendant Uplighter with 4 lights . Concave and convex disc are hand spun with prime quality brass . Solid sturdy hardware and construction . Diameter 30 in Low...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Canadian Mid-Century Modern Chandeliers an...

Materials

Brass

Modernist Ceiling Light Made Of Nickel Plated Brass, Opal Glass, Customizable
Modernist Ceiling Light Made Of Nickel Plated Brass, Opal Glass, Customizable

Modernist Ceiling Light Made Of Nickel Plated Brass, Opal Glass, Customizable

By GMD Berlin

Located in Berlin, DE

Modernist ceiling light made of Nickel plated brass and opal glass, customizable.

Category

2010s German Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass, Chrome

Robin's Egg Blue Ceramic Chandelier in Antique Brass 5-Arm 42.5" DIA
Robin's Egg Blue Ceramic Chandelier in Antique Brass 5-Arm 42.5" DIA

Robin's Egg Blue Ceramic Chandelier in Antique Brass 5-Arm 42.5" DIA

By Lostine

Located in Philadelphia, PA

Five antique brass patina arms curve up from a ceramic cluster dish to three tall stoneware ceramic shades in Robin's Egg, a matte glaze with a tinge of blue. With a fixed black waln...

Category

2010s American Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

Angelo Lelii "Tre Lune" Ceiling Lamp for Arredoluce, 1961
Angelo Lelii "Tre Lune" Ceiling Lamp for Arredoluce, 1961

Angelo Lelii "Tre Lune" Ceiling Lamp for Arredoluce, 1961

$23,000

H 8.67 in W 52.76 in D 27.96 in

Angelo Lelii "Tre Lune" Ceiling Lamp for Arredoluce, 1961

By Angelo Lelii, Arredoluce

Located in Lonigo, Veneto

Angelo Lelii "Tre Lune" ceiling lamp for Arredoluce, glass and brass, Italy, 1961 Designed in 1961 by Angelo Lelii for Arredoluce, the “3 Lune” ceiling lamp embodies the designer’s...

Category

Vintage 1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

2025 Huge Brass Concave Convex 5 Lights Uplighter Pendant
2025 Huge Brass Concave Convex 5 Lights Uplighter Pendant

2025 Huge Brass Concave Convex 5 Lights Uplighter Pendant

By Gerald Thurston, Gino Sarfatti, Lightolier

Located in St- Leonard, Quebec

Concave and convex Brass pendant Uplighter with 5 lights . Disc are hand spun with prime quality brass . Solid sturdy hardware and construction . Diameter 30” Lower disc diamet...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Canadian Mid-Century Modern Chandeliers an...

Materials

Brass

Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Liaigre Sconce", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Christian Liaigre for sale on 1stDibs

In his illustrious career, the French designer Christian Liaigre created furniture and private interiors with a minimalist and restrained sensibility that would become his trademark, but never at the cost of luxury. When he began designing furniture in the 1980s, Liaigre’s clean lines and no-frills approach caused a stir and was considered unusual for the era. But what Liaigre knew best was creating elegant, exquisite designs that would stand the test of time.

Liaigre studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs in Paris. He initially began as a furniture designer, opening his studio in 1985 before he would move toward interiors. His bold, timeless pieces were made in France using luxurious materials such as marble and cashmere in a soothing palette of neutral tones that look fresh to this day. Later, Liaigre began to design private interiors — from homes of influential figures like Calvin Klein and Karl Lagerfeld to holiday homes, offices and the cabins of private yachts. He designed the interiors of the Art Deco–era Hotel Montalembert in Paris and became known in the United States for his design of the Mercer Hotel in New York City, which opened in 1997. Soon afterward, he found himself working for hotelier Ian Schrager.

To each of his interior design projects Liaigre brought his minimalist touch, which was born from his ability to distill a broad range of inspirations — from Brancusi sculptures and African art to Art Deco furniture — into simple, balanced forms. The modest beauty of his popular Nagato stool, a small and sculptural piece of seating designed in oak in 1986, represents this vision clearly and points to some more of Liaigre’s influences: the stillness found in Donald Judd’s minimalist art and many aspects of Japanese culture.

Liaigre, who earned comparisons to celebrated French designers Jean-Michel Frank and Jean Royère, was also known for his visionary use of natural and unconventional materials and is considered to be one of the first to use wenge, an African hardwood, in combination with traditional timber such as oak in his furnishings. Liaigre’s creative foresight has ensured that today he is one of the most influential and widely imitated designers of the 20th century.

Find a range of Christian Liaigre seating, tables and other furniture on 1stDibs.

Finding the Right Sconces-wall-lights for You

From the kitchen to the bedroom and everywhere in between, there is one major part of home decor that you definitely want to master: lighting. Carefully selected vintage sconces and wall lights can do wonders in establishing mood and highlighting your distinctive personality.

We’re a long way from the candelabra-inspired chandeliers of the medieval era. Lighting is no longer merely practical, and lighting designers have been creating and reinventing lighting solutions for eons. Because of the advancements crafted by these venturesome makers, we now have the opportunity to bring unique, customizable lighting solutions into our homes.

It’s never been easier to create dramatic bedrooms, cozy kitchen areas and cheerful bars than it is today. Think of an elegant wall sconce as functional and as a work of art, adding both light and style to your hallways, whimsical kids’ rooms and elsewhere.

When choosing a lighting solution, first determine what your needs are: Will you opt for a moody or a bright feel? The room that will serve as your home office will need adequate lighting — think “the brighter, the better” for this particular setting.

For the bedroom, bedside wall lamps with warm-temperature bulbs instead of bedside table lamps could be the way to go to induce a sense of calm or intimacy. Try to match the style of the wall light or sconce that you’re installing to the overall design scheme of your room. It’s never “just a light.” You should approach the lighting of a room with a mindset that is one part practical and one part aesthetics-driven.

Let 1stDibs help you set the mood with the right antique and vintage wall lights and sconces for your home. Our collection includes every kind of fixture, from sculptural works by Austrian craftsman J.T. Kalmar to chic industrial-style wall sconces, from adjustable painted aluminum wall lamps designed by Artemide to a wide variety of minimalist mid-century modern masterpieces.