18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
to
2,947
4,030
1,132
5,201
277
155
135
83
59
55
52
27
11
5
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
5,201
10,399
31,469
15,172
6,680
13,592
6,631
932
576
1,132
1,382
1,029
2,841
2,898
2,598
1,212
797
3,350
930
674
477
278
1,776
382
359
341
245
5,201
5,201
5,201
63
24
16
14
13
Period: 18th Century and Earlier
Les Fables d'Esope Phrigien avec celles de Philelphe [Aesop's Fables, 1708]
Located in Middletown, NY
A RARE EARLY EDITION OF AESOPIC LITERATURE, BEAUTIFULLY ILLLUSTRATED.
Les Fables d'Esope Phrigien avec celles de Philelphe; traduction nouvelle, Enrichie de Discours Moraux et Histor...
Category
Dutch Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Gold Leaf
![Les Fables d'Esope Phrigien avec celles de Philelphe [Aesop's Fables, 1708]](https://a.1stdibscdn.com/les-fables-desope-phrigien-avec-celles-de-philelphe-aesops-fables-1708-for-sale/f_83402/f_405293421720458351436/f_40529342_1720458352496_bg_processed.jpg?width=240 "Les Fables d'Esope Phrigien avec celles de Philelphe [Aesop's Fables, 1708]")
![Les Fables d'Esope Phrigien avec celles de Philelphe [Aesop's Fables, 1708]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=)
Brussels Flemish 17th Century Tapestry 12" X 9" Pillow
Located in Los Angeles, US
Capture the allure of the past with our Brussels Flemish 17th Century Tapestry Pillow. Sized at 12" x 9", its detailed design and compact form make it a charming accent for any chair...
Category
American Mid-Century Modern Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Cotton
Vintage Ikat 1850 Antique Pillow 17" x 11"
Located in Los Angeles, US
This stunning vintage Ikat pillow, crafted in 1850, boasts a striking geometric design in burnt orange, beige, and teal. The sharp contrasts and rhythmic symmetry make it an eye-catc...
Category
Unknown Mid-Century Modern Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Cotton
Antique Print of the Porcelain Pagoda in Nanjing, China, 1736
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique print titled 'La Tour de Porcelaine, Arc de Triomphe'. Old print depicting the Porcelain Pagoda in the Chinese city of Nanjing. It no longer ...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Mid-Century Cocobolo and Metal Wall Mounted Coat Rack with Six Hooks
Located in Los Angeles, CA
This wall mounted coat rack features 6 hooks on an cocobolo back with a metal hat rack and frame. It's in original condition with wear that's consistent with its age and use. Other w...
Category
Dutch Mid-Century Modern Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Metal
Antique Velvet Pillows Genoa Jardiniaire Velvet
Located in Canterbury, GB
Antique Velvet Pillows
Hand made incorporating early textiles
Early 18th Century Italian Genoa Silk and Metallic Velvet Fronts. Jardiniere D...
Category
Italian Belle Époque Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Silk, Velvet
Spanish Arquebus, Salvador Cenarro, Madrid, 1761-1793
Located in Madrid, ES
Marks: In key, chamber of the cannon and trigger guard.
Date: between 1761 and 1793.
Author: Salvador de Zenarro. "Real Arcabucero".
Origin / Provenance: Madrid, Spain.
Material:...
Category
Spanish Neoclassical Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Gold, Steel
Antique Genealogy Chart of the Leaders of Europe by Chatelain, 1732
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique print titled 'Carte Genealogique des Souverains de l'Europe (..)'. Chart of the royal line of the great Frankish major, Aega. As early as the 14th century the Hapsburgs attem...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Portable Copying Machine by James Watt & Co.
By James Watt
Located in New Orleans, LA
Considered the first step into the world of modern photocopying, the copying machine was among the first widely used devices to successfully produce an ex...
Category
English Other Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Mahogany
Mid-18th Century French Tapestry Pillow
Located in Los Angeles, US
Mid-18th Century French Tapestry Pillow 16'' X 14" , Circa 1850s
Category
French Empire Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool
Rare Town Plan of Jerusalem, Includes an Extensive Key to Locations etc, 1708
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Eigentliche Vorstellung der Statt Jerusalem und derselben umliegenden Gegenden zu Salomonis auch zu und kurtz nach Christi Zeiten.'
Rare town plan...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
The Furniture of Versailles, 17th and 18th Centuries '2 Volume Box Set' (Book)
Located in North Yorkshire, GB
A beautifully photographed 2 volume box set of books which presents this prestigious collection of furniture in a way that cannot be seen by visitors to the palace. Versailles was th...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Large 1750 Map of the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal by Robert de Vaugondy
Located in Langweer, NL
1750 Map of the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal by Robert de Vaugondy
Description:
This map, titled *"Royaumes d'Espagne et de Portugal,"* was created in 1750 by the esteemed French ...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
George II Mahogany Bedside Cupboard
Located in Greenwich, CT
Fine George II mahogany bedside cabinet having scalloped top with hand hold cut outs, over open shelf above pull-out platform now with leather lining, over scalloped apron and standi...
Category
English Georgian Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Mahogany
Of Gardens; Four Books by Rene Rapin & John Evelyn the Younger
Located in Middletown, NY
RARE: John Evelyn the Younger's first book, rare first issue with title date 1672.
Rapin, René (1621-1687) and Evelyn, John (the Younger 1655 -1699), translator
Of Gardens; Four Boo...
Category
English Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Leather, Paper
Tibetan Temple Entrance
Located in Asheville, NC
Deeply sacred carved temple entrance with gargoyles, doves, mandalas, and fetishes of the natural and spirit worlds, all representing peace. During some time period it was fashioned ...
Category
Tibetan Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
18th Century French Fire-Gilded Bronze Electried Church Chandelier
Located in Frankfurt am Main, DE
A very fine, large fire-gilded bronze church chandelier in Louis XVI style, France, late 18th century. This wonderful piece is finely elaborate in precise detail decorated with elega...
Category
French Louis XVI Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Bronze
Antique 17th Century Empire Crewel Work English Pillow - 26''x 20''
Located in Los Angeles, US
Antique 17th century crewel work English pillow. Empire style.
Category
British Baroque Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool
Circa 1850 Antique French Aubusson Tapestry Pillow
Located in Los Angeles, US
Ca. 1850 Antique French Aubusson Tapestry Pillow
Category
French Empire Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Cotton
Antique Print of King Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 1701
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique portrait titled 'Henricus IV Imperator'. Portrait of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry IV (1050 - 1106) was King of the Romans (also refer...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Rare Hand-Colored Antique Map of Asia, 1788
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Kaartje van Asia'.
Original antique map of Asia. This map originates from 'Nieuwe Natuur- Geschied- en Handelkundige Zak- en Reisatlas' by N.T. Gravius, 1788....
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Antique Map of Southeast Asia by Ortelius '1587'
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Indiae Orientalis Insularumque Adiacientium Typus'. Ortelius includes early European depictions of both Japan and China and is the first to name Formosa (Taiwan). The Philippines and East Indies or Spice Islands are shown based upon Portuguese and Spanish sources, and before their penetration by the Dutch. Japan is shown in kite form, as a large oval island...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Map of Kingdoms of Castile, León, Galicia, Asturias, Biscay and Navarre in Spain
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Partie Septentrionale de la Couronne de Castille (..)'. Decorative and highly detailed map of Northwestern Spain, including Gallicia...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
17th Century Flemish Tapestry Pillow CHERUB
Located in Canterbury, GB
A bespoke hand made pillow Incorporating early textiles
17th Century Flemish (Brussels) Tapestry Panel Woven in naturally dyed wools and silks Depicting a full length Cherub and an ...
Category
Dutch Aubusson Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Silk
17th Century Flemish Pillow - 20" x 12"
Located in Los Angeles, US
Good Condition, Original Design Modified.
Category
French Empire Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Feathers
Dutch 18th Century Fob seal with coat of arms
Located in Delft, NL
Dutch 18th Century Fob seal with coat of arms
A Dutch 18th Century silver (unmarked) fob seal with coat of arms, probably the Family Van Haenen. In the original leather case. A lacq...
Category
Dutch Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Silver
Old Map of Part of France: Poitou, Berry, Bourbonnais, and Nivernais in 1768
Located in Langweer, NL
The map with text neatly mounted on both sides of the map on the plate, is a section of an old map with accompanying French text. The map mentions several historical French provinces...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Rare Map of South America of Chili, La Plata, Paraguay, Brazil, Peru, c.1775
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'South America agreeable to the most approved maps and charts'.
Rare map of South America depicting Chili, La Plata, Paraguay, Brazil, ...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Antique Map of the Frankfurt Region by Johannes Janssonius, Hand-Colored, C.1650
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique Map of the Frankfurt Region by Johannes Janssonius circa 1650 Hand-Colored
This rare and beautifully detailed antique map titled Territorium Francofurtense depicts the reg...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Huy (Huum) Cityscape 1574: Historical Copper Engraving by Braun & Hogenberg
Located in Langweer, NL
Title: Huum opp. condrusorum caput (...) Anno partae salutis 1574.
**Type:** Print (Colored Copper Engraving)
**Year:** Circa 1580
**Technique:** Colored Copper Engraving
**Medium:...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
17th Century Flemish Pillow 13x13
Located in Los Angeles, US
17th Century Flemish Pillow, 13"x13"—a beautifully crafted piece showcasing the rich tapestry traditions of 17th-century Flanders. Featuri...
Category
Unknown Mid-Century Modern Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Cotton
Antique Map of Portugal by Nolin '1704'
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Le Royaume de Porutgal divisé en cinq grandes Provinces (..)'. Rare and very decorative map of Portugal. It shows the territory of ...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
18th Century East Indies Mahogany Raj Bed with Paws
Located in Charleston, SC
An 18th century Raj East Indies bed with elaborate carving, carved tiger paw feet, and a finished tester. Often copying Western or British forms, Rajput courts extracted influence fr...
Category
Indian British Colonial Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Mahogany, Rosewood
Petrarch — Phisicke against Fortune
Located in Middletown, NY
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca). Thomas Twyne, translator.
Phisicke against Fortune, as well prosperous, as adverse, contained in two Bookes [History of Gain and Fortune]
London: Ric...
Category
English Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Leather, Paper
Founders Jack Cartwright Mid Century Modern Yellow Nightstand Chest Maple Chrome
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Founders Jack Cartwright Mid Century Modern Yellow Nightstand Chest Maple Chrome. Item features the original label and serial number, 4 dovetailed dr...
Category
Mid-Century Modern Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Maple, Paint
Framed Mercator Hondius Hispania Nova Atlas Minor Map
Located in Stamford, CT
Framed colored example of this decorative and important minature map. Newly framed in brown wood frame with gold trim.
Mercator Hondius “Atlas Minor” pu...
Category
Dutch Spanish Colonial Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Glass, Wood, Paper
Antique Map of the Netherlands and Belgium by Homann, circa 1710
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Tabula Generalis Totius Belgii Provinciae XVII. Infer. Germaniae (..)'. Map of the Benelux countries by Johann Baptist Homann. Shows the area between the Seine es...
Category
German Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Antique Map of London by Tirion '1754'
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Kaart van Londen enz. en van het naby gelegen land ruim een Uur gaans rondsom dezelve Stad; getrokken uit de groote gemeeten Kaart van Hr. John Rocque'. In the se...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Early 19th Century Giltwood and Gesso Large Italian Religious Cross
Located in Hastings, GB
This heavy, hand carved wooden cross, with applied gesso and gilding is stunning, Italian and dating to the turn of the 18th/19th centuries.
163cm...
Category
Italian Rococo Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Gesso, Wood
Antique Engraving of Thomas Müntzer, a Reformation-Era German Theologian, 1701
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique portrait titled 'Thomas Muntzer'.
Portrait of Thomas Müntzer. Thomas Müntzer was an early Reformation-era German theologian, who became a rebel leader during the Peasants' War. He turned against Luther with several anti-Lutheran writings, and supported the Anabaptists. In the Battle of Frankenhausen, Müntzer and his followers were defeated. He was captured, tortured and decapitated. This print originates from 'Historie der kerken en ketteren van den beginne des Nieuwen Testaments tot aan het jaar onses Heeren 1688 ... In het Neederduyts vertaald' by G. Arnold.
Artists and Engravers: Gottfried Arnold (1666 – 1714) was a German Lutheran...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Rare Antique Engraving of the City of Stockholm, Norway, ca.1720
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique print titled 'Die Königl. Schwedische Haupt und Residenz Stadt Stockholm'. Panoramic view of the city of Stockholm, Sweden. This print originates from the series 'Europe Prac...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
17th Century Flemish Pillow - 17" X 17"
Located in Los Angeles, US
Good Condition, Original Design Modified.
Category
French Empire Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Feathers
Antique Print of the Capital of Friesland Leeuwarden, The Netherlands, c.1670
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique print titled 'Lewarden.' A bird's eye view of Leeuwarden (Friesland, the Netherlands). Views of Jollain are scarse and sought after by collectors.
Artists and Engravers: Mad...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Dutch 18th Century Fob seal with coat of arms
Located in Delft, NL
Dutch 18th Century Fob seal with coat of arms
A Dutch 18th Century silver fob seal with coat of arms. A lacquer seal/signet to seal a letter or deed. Signets are wax stamps, also ca...
Category
Dutch Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Silver
10 Lacquer Calligraphy Panels, Later Mounted as a Screen, Late 18th Century
Located in Kastrup, DK
Rare screen/room divider.
Set of 10 (8 wide + 2 smaller) panels with original thick red lacquer with calligraphy in gold leaf.
Later frames in black lacquer with profiled leaf-gild...
Category
Chinese Qing Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wood
18th Century French Louis XVI Walnut Coffer or Blanket Chest
Located in Houston, TX
18th century French Louis XVI walnut coffer or blanket chest.
18th century French Louis XVI, Renaissance or Gothic style walnut coffer or chest from Dijon.
This gorgeous coffer, trun...
Category
French Louis XVI Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Walnut
Very Rare Antique Engraving of Christian Monastery Saint Jeremias in Egypt, 1673
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique print titled 'S. Ieremias'. Old print of S. Jeremias, below a decorative cartouche with lettered key. This print originates the very rare travel book 'Hierusalemsche Reyse' b...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
17th Century Flemish Pillow - 19" x 9"
Located in Los Angeles, US
Good Condition, Original Design Modified.
Category
French Empire Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Feathers
Original Antique Plan of the Harbor of Nettuno, Near Rome, by Munster, c.1580
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Der Statt Neptun (.).' Detailed plan of the Harbor of Nettuno, near Rome, from Munster's Cosmographia, one of the most influential cartographic works of the 16th century.
The antique map titled 'Der Statt Neptun (.),' originating from Munster's renowned Cosmographia, unveils a detailed plan of the Harbor of Nettuno, situated near Rome. This influential cartographic work, crafted in the 16th century, stands as a testament to Munster's mastery in cartography and geographic depiction.
The map meticulously portrays the Harbor of Nettuno, capturing its coastal features, the layout of the harbor, and possibly key landmarks or structures in the vicinity. Munster's expertise in cartography shines through in this intricate representation, offering a visual insight into the strategic maritime site near Rome.
Being part of the Cosmographia, one of the era's most influential cartographic compilations, this map holds historical significance. Munster's work was esteemed for its accuracy and influence in shaping geographic knowledge during the 16th century.
Adorned with Munster's characteristic artistic touches and possibly embellishments, this antique print not only serves as a navigational aid but also stands as a testament to the era's cartographic expertise, preserving the Harbor of Nettuno's significance in the maritime landscape near Rome.
Artists and Engravers: Made by 'Sebastian Munster...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Pl. 12 Antique Print of an Orangery and Garden Plan by Le Rouge, c.1785
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique print titled 'Jardins de Bessingen (..)'. Copper engraving showing a garden plan and orangery (or orangerie). This print originates from 'Jardins A...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
17th Century Flemish Pillow - 23" x 15"
Located in Los Angeles, US
Good Condition, Original Design Modified.
Category
French Empire Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Wool, Feathers
Antique Hand-Colored Print of the Labyrinth of Versailles, c.1720
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique print titled 'Le Serpent à plusieurs Testes: dans le Labyrinte de Versailles'. This print illustrates the fable 'The Snake with several heads' of the labyrinth of Versailles ...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
A General View of Jerusalem in the Early Part of the 18th Century" (circa 1752)
Located in Langweer, NL
The print is signed by the artist "S. Mynde sc." in the lower right corner. This suggests that the maker of the print is Samuel Mynde, a known engraver from the 18th century. His wor...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Gold and Agate Sewing Nécessaire
Located in New Orleans, LA
A stunning specimen of agate distinguishes this diminutive French sewing nécessaire. The segments of beautiful hard stone are perfectly complemented ...
Category
French Rococo Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Agate, Gold
Antique Map of the Holy Land, Showing the Location of the Various Tribes
Located in Langweer, NL
Antique map titled 'Judaea seu Terra Sancta quae Hebraeorum sive Israelitarum (..)'. Map of The Holy Land, showing the location of the various tribes, in two kingdoms, Judah and Isra...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
Map of the British Isles with Historical Kings, 1719
Located in Langweer, NL
This antique map, titled "Les Royaumes d'Angleterre d'Escosse et d'Irlande," offers a detailed view of the British Isles, including England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Additionall...
Category
Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Paper
18th Hispanic Filipino Crucified Christ Carved Wood Sculpture
Located in Valladolid, ES
One of a kind sculpture of Crucified Christ in carved wood and crystal eyes (one of them its loose), 18th century Hispano Filipino School. The crown, ...
Category
Philippine Baroque Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Silver
Sterling Silver Medallion reliquary – 18th Century
Located in Madrid, ES
Elegant 18th-century reliquary in solid silver, finely hand-engraved, with ornamental decoration typical of Baroque religious art. Its oval shape features floral and symbolic details...
Category
European Baroque Antique 18th Century and Earlier More Furniture and Collectibles
Materials
Sterling Silver
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Medal-Worthy Memorabilia from Epic Past Olympic Games
Get into the games! These items celebrate the events, athletes, host countries and sporting spirit.
Ahoy! You’ve Never Seen a Collection of Sailor Art and Kitsch Quite Like This
French trendsetter and serial collector Daniel Rozensztroch tells us about his obsession with objects related to seafaring men.
39 Incredible Swimming Pools
It's hard to resist the allure of a beautiful pool. So, go ahead and daydream about whiling away your summer in paradise.
Pamela Shamshiri Shares the Secrets behind Her First-Ever Book and Its Effortlessly Cool Interiors
The sought-after designer worked with the team at Hoffman Creative to produce a monograph that beautifully showcases some of Studio Shamshiri's most inspiring projects.
Moroccan Artworks and Objects Take Center Stage in an Extraordinary Villa in Tangier
Italian writer and collector Umberto Pasti opens the doors to his remarkable cave of wonders in North Africa.
Montecito Has Drawn Royalty and Celebrities, and These Homes Are Proof of Its Allure
Hollywood A-listers, ex-pat aristocrats and art collectors and style setters of all stripes appreciate the allure of the coastal California hamlet — much on our minds after recent winter floods.
Whaam! Blam! Pow! — a New Book on Pop Art Packs a Punch
Publishing house Assouline and writer Julie Belcove have teamed up to trace the history of the genre, from Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol and Yayoi Kusama to Mickalene Thomas and Jeff Koons.
The Sparkling Legacy of Tiffany & Co. Explained, One Jewel at a Time
A gorgeous new book celebrates — and memorializes — the iconic jeweler’s rich heritage.