1970s Abstract Paintings

Geometrical Birds is Singer's geometric interpretation of Birds in Flight. Singer was influenced by Stravinsky's music.

Artist/Designer; Manufacturer: Jack Youngerman (1926-2020) Marking(s); notes: signed; 1972-73 Country of origin; materials: American; canvas on shaped wood frame Dimensions (H, W, D)...

Striking large scale abstracted landscape oil depicting San Francisco Bay salt ponds by Erle Loran (American, 1905-1999), Unframed. Purchased as part of larger collection. Measures 72"H x 52"W x 2"D. Erle Loran was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He studied at the Minneapolis School of Art under the direction of Cameron Booth...

Lowell Nesbitt (American, 1933-1993) Flower, 1978 tempera on board 60 1/2 x 40 1/2 inches. Provenance: Sold: Christie's East, May 18, 1999, Lot 224 Blair Nesbitt is an American p...

White is an contemporary artwork realized by Mario Padovan in 1976. Mixed colored acrylic painting on canvas. Signature, title, date and technique on the back.

Oil on canvas. Signed lower right; signed, titled, dated along rear stretcher. 48.25 x 52.25 in. 49.5 x 53.5 in. (framed) Custom framed in a solid maple floater, painted a light gray. Provenance Marian Locks Gallery, Philadelphia Exhibited 1996 - Locks Gallery, Philadelphia (Warren Rohrer...

Original gouache painting on paper. Hand signed lower front by Yaacov Agam. Image size 20.25 x 18.5 inches. Sheet size 29 x 22.2 inches. Frame size approx 33 x 31 inches. Cert...

Joyce Kozloff Tepoztlan II, 1973 Gouache and colored pencil on paper Signed, dated and titled twice: once on the back of the work (shown) and once on the original board which has bee...

This is an acrylic painting on canvas by American artist Dan Teis. This work follows his signature style, geometric compositions in acrylic and paper collage on canvas. His work achi...

Expressive black and white abstract, with scribbled linear patterns in the style of Jean-Michel Basquiat, by by Bay Area artist Michael Pauker (American, b.1957). circa 1977. Oil on canvas. Titled "Baldwin" and dated "Summer 77" on verso. Here he revisits a piece he did early in his carrier of the same title "Baldwin" in 1967. Unframed. Image size: 16"H x 12"W. “I’m driven by curiosity...where it comes from I can’t tell you; it’s just there. And early 20th-century modernist art is the thing that I keep returning to.” - Michael Pauker Bay Area artist and art educator Michael Pauker was born in New York in 1957 and knew he wanted to be an artist from the age of 15. He earned a Bachelor’s in Fine Arts at SUNY Purchase in his native state of New York. In 1989 he went on to earn an M.F.A at Mills College in Oakland and was awarded the City of Oakland Artist Fellowship in Painting. He has been a Bay Area resident since 1988. His work has been exhibited widely across the U.S., as well as in Japan and Costa Rica, and is included in the collection of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Exhibitions include: 2007 Contemporary Art Museum, San Jose, Costa Rica 2007 “The Ebay Art Project,” Works/San Jose, San Jose, CA 2003 “Found Imagery: The Art of Collage,” Fresno Art Museum,Fresno, CA 2003 “Cut, Copy, Paste,” De Saisset Museum, Santa Clara, CA 2003 “20th Annual Exhibition,” Berkeley Art Center, Berkeley, CA 2002 “40 by 40,” Adam Baumgold Gallery, N.Y., NY 2002 “Works on Paper,” Bryant St. Gallery, Palo Alto, CA 2002 Dolby...

Acrylic and graphite on canvas. Signed and titled verso. 59 x 58.5 in. 61 x 60.25 in. (framed) Custom framed in a maple floater with a polyurethane clear coat finish. Provenance B...

"On The Beach" - 1976 Original Textured Oil on Canvas Colorful abstract expressionist oil painting depicting the back of a woman by California artist Harald "Harry" Dry Schmidt (Ame...

Artist: Josep Grau-Garriga, Spanish (1929 - ) Title: Untitled, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston TX Year: 1971 Medium: Mixed Media and Collage on Paper, signed Size: 25.5 in. x 20 in. (6...

Abstract Treescape Landscape Berkeley School Abstract Expressionist Substantial period Berkeley School abstract expressionist landscape titled "Treescape" by listed Berkeley artist...

Artist: Paul von Ringelheim Title: Abstract in Purple, Green and Red Year: 1974 Medium: Airbrush and Mixed Media on Panel, signed and dated verso Size: 53 x 41.75 in. (134.62 x 106...

Robots, or "Strange Self-Sufficient Machine" by Giuliano Ghelli ( Florence, 1944- 2014, Chianti). Painting in a wooden frame with glass. Oil on canv...

Signed lower left, 'Inman' for Robert Inman (American, 1927–2016) and dated, lower right, outside of design, '79'. Retaining original, card, mat and backi...

Work on paper

Ben Wilson Byzantium, 1975 Oil on Masonite painting Hand signed reverse, Titled, "Byzantium", dated 1975 by the artist and also with estate stamp - in addition to Ben Wilson's hand s...

Artist: Philip Standish Read, American (1927 - 2000) Title: Untitled Year: circa 1975 Medium: Oil on Canvas, signed l.r Size: 60 x 72 in. (152.4 x 182.88 cm)

"Liberty" Heavy Impasto Expressionist Nude Portrait of a Lady Standing Abstract expressionist portrait of a woman standing with one arm raised over her head by California artist Har...

A beautiful large mid 20th century oil on canvas abstract winter landscape by Swedish artist Gunnar Nordstrom. Excellent quality and condition composition with strong and vibrant i...

This great work is a part of the Collection ‘Atmosphères chromoplastiques’ which was realized by Tomasello in the mid-1970s, during his stay in Paris and at the very center of the OP...

Julian Stanczak (American, 1928-2017) Twist and the Rain, 1975 acrylic on canvas signed verso 30 x 24 inches Julian Stanczak (American, b. November 5, 1928) was an American painter...

Original oil on canvas painting titled “Multishore” by the well known American artist, Syd Solomon. Signed Syd Solomon lower right. Signed and dated Syd Solomon 1971 on the stretcher, inscribed as titled on the reverse 30 × 26 inches. Condition is excellent. The painting is housed in its original wood with silver reveal floating frame. Overall framed measurements are 32.75 by 28.75 inches. Provenance: A private collector. Syd Solomon was born near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in 1917. He began painting in high school in Wilkes-Barre, where he was also a star football player. After high school, he worked in advertising and took classes at the Art Institute of Chicago. Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, he joined the war effort and was assigned to the First Camouflage Battalion, the 924th Engineer Aviation Regiment of the US Army. He used his artistic skills to create camouflage instruction manuals utilized throughout the Army. He married Ann Francine Cohen in late 1941. Soon thereafter, in early 1942, the couple moved to Fort Ord in California where he was sent to camouflage the coast to protect it from possible aerial bombings. Sent overseas in 1943, Solomon did aerial reconnaissance over Holland. Solomon was sent to Normandy early in the invasion where his camouflage designs provided protective concealment for the transport of supplies for men who had broken through the enemy line. Solomon was considered one of the best camoufleurs in the Army, receiving among other commendations, five bronze stars. Solomon often remarked that his camouflage experience during World War II influenced his ideas about abstract art. At the end of the War, he attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Because Solomon suffered frostbite during the Battle of the Bulge, he could not live in cold climates, so he and Annie chose to settle in Sarasota, Florida, after the War. Sarasota was home to the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, and soon Solomon became friends with Arthur Everett “Chick” Austin, Jr., the museum’s first Director. In the late 1940s, Solomon experimented with new synthetic media, the precursors to acrylic paints provided to him by chemist Guy Pascal, who was developing them. Victor D’Amico, the first Director of Education for the Museum of Modern Art, recognized Solomon as the first artist to use acrylic paint. His early experimentation with this medium as well as other media put him at the forefront of technical innovations in his generation. He was also one of the first artists to use aerosol sprays and combined them with resists, an innovation influenced by his camouflage experience. Solomon’s work began to be acknowledged nationally in 1952. He was included in American Watercolors, Drawings and Prints at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. From 1952–1962, Solomon’s work was discovered by the cognoscenti of the art world, including the Museum of Modern Art Curators, Dorothy C. Miller and Peter Selz, and the Whitney Museum of American Art’s Director, John I. H. Baur. He had his first solo show in New York at the Associated American Artists Gallery in 1955 with “Chick” Austin, Jr. writing the essay for the exhibition. In the summer of 1955, the Solomons visited East Hampton, New York, for the first time at the invitation of fellow artist David Budd. There, Solomon met and befriended many of the artists of the New York School, including Jackson Pollock, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, James Brooks, Alfonso Ossorio, and Conrad Marca-Relli. By 1959, and for the next thirty-five years, the Solomons split the year between Sarasota (in the winter and spring) and the Hamptons (in the summer and fall). In 1959, Solomon began showing regularly in New York City at the Saidenberg Gallery with collector Joseph Hirshhorn buying three paintings from Solomon’s first show. At the same time, his works entered the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, and the Wadsworth Athenaeum in Hartford, Connecticut, among others. Solomon also began showing at Signa Gallery in East Hampton and at the James David Gallery in Miami run by the renowned art dealer, Dorothy Blau. In 1961, the Guggenheim Museum’s H. H. Arnason bestowed to him the Silvermine Award at the 13th New England Annual. Additionally, Thomas Hess of ARTnews magazine chose Solomon as one of the ten outstanding painters of the year. At the suggestion of Alfred H. Barr, Jr., the Museum of Modern Art’s Director, the John and Mable Ringling Museum in Sarasota began its contemporary collection by purchasing Solomon’s painting, Silent World, 1961. Solomon became influential in the Hamptons and in Florida during the 1960s. In late 1964, he created the Institute of Fine Art at the New College in Sarasota. He is credited with bringing many nationally known artists to Florida to teach, including Larry Rivers, Philip Guston, James Brooks, and Conrad Marca-Relli. Later Jimmy Ernst, John Chamberlain, James Rosenquist, and Robert Rauschenberg settled near Solomon in Florida. In East Hampton, the Solomon home was the epicenter of artists and writers who spent time in the Hamptons, including Alfred Leslie, Jim Dine, Ibram Lassaw, Saul Bellow, Barney Rosset, Arthur Kopit, and Harold Rosenberg. In 1970, Solomon, along with architect Gene Leedy, one of the founders of the Sarasota School of Architecture, built an award-winning precast concrete and glass house and studio on the Gulf of Mexico near Midnight Pass in Sarasota. Because of its siting, it functioned much like Monet’s home in Giverny, France. Open to the sky, sea, and shore with inside and outside studios, Solomon was able to fully solicit all the environmental forces that influenced his work. His friend, the art critic Harold Rosenberg, said Solomon’s best work was produced in the period he lived on the beach. During 1974 and 1975, a retrospective exhibition of Solomon’s work was held at the New York Cultural Center and traveled to the John and Mable Ringling Museum in Sarasota. Writer Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. conducted an important interview with Solomon for the exhibition catalogue. The artist was close to many writers, including Harold Rosenberg, Joy Williams, John D. McDonald, Budd Schulberg, Elia Kazan, Betty Friedan...

Désert (artist inventory no. 121) is a unique medium size contemporary modern abstract geometric painting on canvas by French artist Charles Bézie. The painting is an early career wo...

Ya'acov Kaszemacher, well-known artist and photographer whose unique images of Hassidic festivities are fascinating to view, and offer one an opportunity to peek into the community...

Waterline Fine Art, Austin, TX is pleased to present the following work: Acrylic and mixed media on canvas. Signed, titled, and dated verso. 40 x 76.5 in. 41.75 x 78.25 in. (framed) Custom framed in a solid, unfinished maple floater. Provenance Watson/de Nagy & Company, Houston Private Collection, New York Sherron Francis was born in 1940, in Downers Grove, IL outside of Chicago. She originally enrolled at the University of Oklahoma, but later transferred to the Kansas City Art Institute to focus more on art. Initially, Francis' practice was focused on figurative art, with visiting professor and renowned modern realist Philip Pearlstein remarking on Francis’ draftsman acumen. In the early 1960s, art dealers and gallerists from New York would visit the Institute to entice promising artists by offering scholarships and financial aid. Because such financial arrangements were only made for men, Francis had to persuade the school's leadership to allow for women to also be eligible for merit-based aid. Her advocacy was successful, and she ultimately graduated from the Kansas City Art Institute in 1963. She would then proceed to obtain her MFA from the University of Indiana, before assuming a teaching position at Eastern Michigan University. In 1968, with only $300 on hand, Francis moved to 16 Waverly Place in SoHo, New York. The neighborhood was a hotbed for young AbEx artists of the day, and she quickly befriended the likes of Peter Reginato, Walter Darby Bannard, Michael Steiner, Peter Young, Peter Bradley...

Woman and Child in the Woods - Midcentury Abstracted Landscape in Oil on Canvas Dramatic abstracted painting of a woman holding a child in the woods by Maley (20th Century). This pi...

Signed lower right, 'C. S. Sanchez' for Clyde Sanchez (American, 20th century), and painted circa 1975; additionally signed, verso, with artist location, 'Aptos, CA'. A substantial,...

Clifford Singer's Geometrical Clouds configurations.

A substantial linear abstract comprising contiguous rectangles in primary and secondary colors contrasted against a background of scumbled chestnut and aubergine. Signed lower right...

#5-3465 Red Bold Abstract ,modernist style, acrylic palette on canvas applied to a board, set in a gilt-wood frame, signed by Borge lower right.

Vintage American modernist portrait of iconic artist Peter Max. Signed. Framed. Original oil on canvas.

Abstract brown and red surface is a contemporary artwork realized by Genny Puccini in 1972. Mixed colored acrylic painting on canvas. Hand signed and dated on the back.

George Dannatt (1915-2009) Shoreline No 3 - Three Greys & Pink 1975 Oil on paper Image: 11.5 x 17.5 cm Frame: 32.4 x 36.2 cm Provenance: The George and Ann Dannatt Estate, T...

Signed lower left, 'Inman' for Robert Inman (American, 1927–2016) and dated, lower right, outside of design, '79'. Retaining original, card, mat and backi...

Signed on the lower right side. It has the original strip frame from the Museum exhibition at the Portland Museum of Art 1983. Illustrated in the catalog, page 35 illustration #40 ...

Sloyer Untitled, 1976 Oil on canvas 36 1/4 x 24 x 1 3/8 in. Artist label verso (text slightly obscured) Signed on stretcher bar

Edward Avedisian Gouache Watercolor Abstract Painting on Arches paper. (notebook cover not included) Unsigned, (bears name verso in pencil.) Dimensions: 10" X 14" Late 1970s, early ...

'Portrait of Woman in Yellow', oil on cardstock paper (circa 1970s), by Raymond Debiève. A cubist portrait of this lovely young woman at her window is ...

Artist/Designer; Manufacturer: Francis Newton Souza (Indian, 1924-2002) Marking(s); notes: signed; 1975 Materials: acrylic on canvas Dimensions (H, W, D): 30"h, 49.75"w image; 35.5"h...

An abstract mid century painting by Duayne Hatchett . Oil on canvas, circa 1975. Signed verso. Framed. Duayne Hatchett was a visual artist whose work included prints, painting...

Beautiful abstract Minimalist painting by unknown artist. Dated 1977. Oil on canvas measures 36 x 60 inches. Signed and dated lower right.

Jean-Paul Jérôme, Canadian, 1928-2004 La fenaison, 1976 Oil on canvas 6.5 x 9.5 in 16.5 x 24.1 cm signed and dated 1976 lower right; signed, titled and dated “Mont. 1976” on the back...

Cleve Gray 'End of October,' 1978 Acrylic on canvas 55 x 55 inches Signed verso This work was donated to the Foundation for Contemporary Arts (FCA) by the The Estate of Cleve Gray for FCA's 2021 benefit exhibition held at Greene Naftali.

The Pathway by Andre Guillou (French 1925-2017) signed and dated 1970 oil on canvas, unframed canvas: 23.5 x 29 inches provenance: private collection, Fr...

Lou Fink The Patriot Oil on canvas, 1970 (mixed media with iron lock) Provenance: Collection of The Southampton Hospital Association, Southampton, New York. This abstract expressionist painting entitled "the Patriot" is done in patriotic shades of red, white and blue in a color field pattern reminiscent of Mark Rothko. It has an assemblage, collage, lock installed at its center, with great color and texture. This piece has a sculpture quality to it. Louis R. Fink (1925 - 1980) American modernist artist. He lived in Staten Island, New York. Lou Fink is known for abstract painting, collage and assemblage Education Art Students League (studied with Harry Sternberg, Louis Bosa, and John C. McPherson) Solo Exhibitions: 1955 Wagner College Studio-Gallery, Staten Island 1960-1980 Environment Gallery, N.Y., seven one-man shows 1981 Elaine Benson Gallery, Bridgehampton, N.Y., Memorial Exhibition Group Exhibitions: 1949 Art Students League (works by disabled GI Bill students) 1952-54 Art Institute of Chicago, International Exhibition of Contemporary Drawing (traveling exhibition) 1955 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Annual Exhibition 1956 National Academy of Design, 131st Annual Exhibition 1956 Museum of Modern Art, "Recent Drawings— U.S.A." (along with Andy Warhol, Josef Albers, Louis Schanker, Larry Rivers, John Levee, Varujan Boghosian, Morris Graves and Herbert Bayer.) 1957 Staten Island Museum, Annual Spring exhibition 1959 Columbia (South Carolina) Museum, Audubon Artists exhibition 1969 Environment Gallery Louis Fink, Frank Manuela, Richard Banks, Phillip Lloyd Powell 1980 Gallery Kyoto, Japan, 1987 Elaine Benson Gallery, Bridgehampton, “Remembering” Lou Fink made Christmas card designs for Tiffany...

Here for your consideration is a great example of the artwork of the well known American artist, Syd Solomon. Signed top left. Titled and dated verso 1978. The painting is oil and acrylic paint on mounted synthetic canvas. Condition is excellent. Overall framed measurements are 44.75 by 24.5 inches. Provenance: A Sarasota, Florida collector. SYD SOLOMON BIOGRAPHY American 1917-2004 Written by Dr. Lisa Peters/Berry Campbell Gallery “Here, in simple English, is what Syd Solomon does: He meditates. He connects his hand and paintbrush to the deeper, quieter, more mysterious parts of his mind- and he paints pictures of what he sees and feels down there.” --Kurt Vonnegut Jr. from Palm Sunday, 1981 Syd Solomon was born near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in 1917. He began painting in high school in Wilkes-Barre, where he was also a star football player. After high school, he worked in advertising and took classes at the Art Institute of Chicago. Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, he joined the war effort and was assigned to the First Camouflage Battalion, the 924th Engineer Aviation Regiment of the US Army. He used his artistic skills to create camouflage instruction manuals utilized throughout the Army. He married Ann Francine Cohen in late 1941. Soon thereafter, in early 1942, the couple moved to Fort Ord in California where he was sent to camouflage the coast to protect it from possible aerial bombings. Sent overseas in 1943, Solomon did aerial reconnaissance over Holland. Solomon was sent to Normandy early in the invasion where his camouflage designs provided protective concealment for the transport of supplies for men who had broken through the enemy line. Solomon was considered one of the best camoufleurs in the Army, receiving among other commendations, five bronze stars. Solomon often remarked that his camouflage experience during World War II influenced his ideas about abstract art. At the end of the War, he attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Because Solomon suffered frostbite during the Battle of the Bulge, he could not live in cold climates, so he and Annie chose to settle in Sarasota, Florida, after the War. Sarasota was home to the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, and soon Solomon became friends with Arthur Everett “Chick” Austin, Jr., the museum’s first Director. In the late 1940s, Solomon experimented with new synthetic media, the precursors to acrylic paints provided to him by chemist Guy Pascal, who was developing them. Victor D’Amico, the first Director of Education for the Museum of Modern Art, recognized Solomon as the first artist to use acrylic paint. His early experimentation with this medium as well as other media put him at the forefront of technical innovations in his generation. He was also one of the first artists to use aerosol sprays and combined them with resists, an innovation influenced by his camouflage experience. Solomon’s work began to be acknowledged nationally in 1952. He was included in American Watercolors, Drawings and Prints at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. From 1952–1962, Solomon’s work was discovered by the cognoscenti of the art world, including the Museum of Modern Art Curators, Dorothy C. Miller and Peter Selz, and the Whitney Museum of American Art’s Director, John I. H. Baur. He had his first solo show in New York at the Associated American Artists Gallery in 1955 with “Chick” Austin, Jr. writing the essay for the exhibition. In the summer of 1955, the Solomons visited East Hampton, New York, for the first time at the invitation of fellow artist David Budd...

Signed lower right, 'Schoener' for Jason Schoener (American, 1919-1997) and painted circa 1970. Titled 'Kennebec Race' (labels, verso) Previously with M...

Surrealist composition French School, dated 1975 verso oil on canvas, framed framed: 33.5 x 27 inches canvas: 32 x 25.5 inches inscribed verso provenance: private collection, France ...

David Hare Cronus Elephant, 1975 Acrylic on linen 82 x 60 inches “Freedom is what we want,” David Hare boldly stated in 1965, but then he added the caveat, “and what we are most afr...

Expressive late 1970's green and red abstract on rough plywood, with scribbled linear forms in the style of Basquiat, by Bay Area artist Micha...

'Composition with Circles II', gouache on art paper, by James Pichette. A dynamic, lively abstract composition by an artist known for such stunning, viv...

Signed lower right, 'C. S. Sanchez' for Clyde Sanchez (American, 20th century), and painted circa 1975; additionally signed, verso, with artist location, 'Aptos, CA'. A substantial,...

Expressive mid-century abstracted figurative of a reclining woman by an unknown artist (American, 20th Century). Impasto gives added depth and interest. Unsigned. Unframed. Image siz...

Walter Darby Bannard (born September 23, 1934 in New Haven, CT) "Natural Christmas (1972)" Alkyd Resin Magna Medium Aquatec Gel on Canvas Painting Walter Darby Barnard is a Profess...

Larry Zox (1937-2006) was a central figure in the evolution of American abstraction. He played an essential role in the emergence of Color Field during the 1960s and 1970s, eventuall...

Spartito - Mixed media on music score, signed lower right. Musician, pianist and visual artist Giuseppe Chiari began writing music in 1950. In 1963 he ...

Sonia Gechtoff Portico I, 1979 Signed, dated, and inscribed Acrylic and pencil on paper 40 x 40 inches Sonia Gechtoff was born in Philadelphia to Ethel "Etya" and Leonid Gechtoff. ...

In The New York Times Arts in America column, Edward M. Gomez writes of Valton Tyler, "visionary seems the right word for describing his vivid, unusual and technically refined paintings, prints and drawings, whose style defies convenient labels. Abstract, surreal, cartoonish, sci-fi fantastic, metaphysical, apocalyptic-Baroque - all of these fit but also fall short of fully describing his art." (Edward M. Gomez, "Futuristic Forms Frolic Under Eerie Texan Skies...

Signed lower left, 'Clausen' for Don Clausen (American, 1930-2020) and dated 1974. A self-proclaimed "sculptor of paint," Donald Clausen used tools of his own invention to create co...

Signed, verso, on stretcher bar, 'Renee Harwin' (Austrian-American, born 1924) and painted circa 1975. A dramatically balanced abstract comprising adjacent and overlapping geometric forms in muted shades of saffron, brick red and ultramarine. Renee Harwin's figures are gestural, reflective of human design and set within an environment of patterns suggestive of clouds and sky. She comes to the figure through years of hard-edge painting. Her work combines the influence of Midwest painters such as Clyfford Still and her San Francisco Art Institute instructor Jack Jefferson...

Dessert Landscape, ca. 1975-80. Gouache on Arches rag paper, Sheet measures 23 x 30 inches. Image measures 22 x 29 inches. Signed lower left. Excellent condition. Unframed.

Antique American abstract expressionist painting. OIl on canvas. Framed. Signed.

A very good large 20th century Abstract Expressionist oil circa 1975. Stanley Smith (b. 1923) British. oil on board 61cmx 122cm. Gallery frame 65cmx 126c...

This minimalist abstract acrylic painting is by Canadian artist Milly Ristvedt. Sea Span is one of a series of paintings Milly Ristvedt produced in the 1970s that used a clean, bol...