Lithograph Photography

This exquisite heliogravure after Sir Cecil Beaton (1904–1980), titled Marilyn Monroe, from the folio Cecil Beaton, Electa Editrice Portfolios, 1981, originates from the 1981 edition...

This series of cyanotype triptychs showcases the beauty of nature scenes, including stunning beaches and oceans, as well as the intricate textures of water, forests, and skies. These...

This exquisite heliogravure after Sir Cecil Beaton (1904–1980), titled Audrey Hepburn, from the folio Cecil Beaton, Electa Editrice Portfolios, 1981, originates from the 1981 edition...

This is an exclusive handprinted limited edition cyanotype. "Bright Sunrise Bay " is a handmade cyanotype print of Mediterranean shiny waves. Details: + Title: Bright Sunrise Bay +...

Debi Szarkowski-Effron Warhol in Cookieland, 1987 Limited Edition offset lithograph poster Bears the photographer's copyright stamp and pencil numbered 138/190 on the lower left fron...

This exquisite heliogravure after Sir Cecil Beaton (1904–1980), titled Buster Keaton, from the folio Cecil Beaton, Electa Editrice Portfolios, 1981, originates from the 1981 edition ...

This unique monotype cyanotype, rendered in rich blue tones, draws inspiration from mid-century modern shapes to explore themes of balance and duality. Abstract forms echo harmony an...

This exquisite heliogravure after Diane Arbus (1923–1971), titled A Young Brooklyn Family Going for a Sunday Outing, N.Y.C., originates from the 1979 folio Diane Arbus, Electa Editri...

Raymond Pettibon, "No Mag,'" 1981: A rare late 70's/early 80's Los Angeles Punk scene publication featuring several stand out illustrations by Raymond Pettibon Medium: Newspaper mag...

This piece is a photolithograph from the original negative by Laszlo Willinger, original shot in 1937 and printed at a later date. It depicts English actress, Vivien Leigh...

This exquisite heliogravure after Sir Cecil Beaton (1904–1980), titled Rudolf Nureyev, from the folio Cecil Beaton, Electa Editrice Portfolios, 1981, originates from the 1981 edition...

This exquisite heliogravure after Diane Arbus (1923–1971), titled The Junior Interstate Ballroom Dance Champions, Yonkers, N.Y., originates from the 1979 folio Diane Arbus, Electa Ed...

This series of cyanotype triptychs showcases the beauty of nature scenes, including stunning beaches and oceans, as well as the intricate textures of water, forests, and skies. These...

This one-of-a-kind cyanotype monotype layers soft, sinuous bands of blue to create a serene, wave-like field of motion. The artist shapes light-sensitive chemistry directly on waterc...

This exquisite heliogravure after Man Ray (1890–1976), titled Rayograph, originates from the 1980 folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolios. Published by Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano, and printed by Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano, 1980. This image exemplifies Man Ray’s pioneering “rayograph” technique—a cameraless photographic process in which objects were placed directly onto photosensitive paper and exposed to light, creating luminous abstract compositions that fused chance, intuition, and surrealist invention. Through this groundbreaking process, Man Ray transformed photography into pure visual poetry, redefining its potential as a form of modern art. Executed as a heliogravure on velin paper, this work measures 15.75 x 11.75 inches. Unsigned and unnumbered as issued. The edition exemplifies the refined craftsmanship of Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano. Artwork Details: Artist: After Man Ray (1890–1976) Title: Rayograph Medium: Heliogravure on velin paper Dimensions: 15.75 x 11.75 inches (40.01 x 29.84 cm) Inscription: Unsigned and unnumbered as issued Date: 1980 Publisher: Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano Printer: Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano Condition: Well preserved, consistent with age and medium Provenance: From the folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolios, published and printed by Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano, 1980 Notes: Excerpted from the folio (translated from Italian), Limited edition of M examples, drawn in heliogravure on special paper, designed specifically for the Portfolios Electa. Gruppo Editoriale Electra/Milan. Printed in Italy. About the Publication: The Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolio (1980) was published by Gruppo Editoriale Electra in Milan as part of the distinguished Electa Portfolios series, which celebrated the masters of 20th-century photography through the artisanal process of heliogravure printing. This edition was dedicated to Man Ray’s seminal body of photographic work from 1920 to 1934—an era in which he redefined modern image-making through technical invention, surrealist experimentation, and intellectual daring. Produced in collaboration with leading photographic historians and Italian master printers, the portfolio was printed on specially manufactured velin paper designed exclusively for the Electa Portfolios, ensuring tonal precision and textural depth true to the artist’s originals. The publication represents one of the most refined posthumous tributes to Man Ray’s legacy, combining Italian craftsmanship with avant-garde vision to preserve the luminous complexity of his photographs. Created with the same devotion to innovation and elegance that characterized Man Ray’s own practice, this edition remains an important intersection of fine art publishing and modernist history. About the Artist: Man Ray (1890–1976) was an American-born painter, sculptor, photographer, filmmaker, and conceptual visionary whose radical imagination and technical innovation transformed modern art and established him as one of the leading figures of the 20th century. Born Emmanuel Radnitzky in Philadelphia, he became a central force in both the Dada and Surrealist movements, defying artistic boundaries and redefining the relationship between art, technology, and the unconscious. After early involvement in New York’s avant-garde with Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray moved to Paris in 1921, where he joined a revolutionary circle of artists including Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Wassily Kandinsky, and Marcel Duchamp. There, he pioneered the “rayograph,” or photogram—a cameraless photographic technique that used light and shadow to create ethereal abstract compositions—and produced some of the most iconic images in art history, including Le Violon d’Ingres (1924) and Noire et Blanche (1926). His photography, distinguished by its fusion of elegance, surrealism, and psychological depth, captured the essence of modernist Paris and immortalized creative icons such as Kiki de Montparnasse, Gertrude Stein, and James Joyce. At the same time, Man Ray’s experimental films, including Le Retour a la Raison (1923) and L’Etoile de mer (1928), and his sculptural works like The Gift (1921) and Object to Be Destroyed (1923), expanded the possibilities of art itself, transforming ordinary objects into symbols of mystery and desire. His conceptual approach—viewing art as an idea rather than an object—anticipated later movements such as Pop Art, Minimalism, and Conceptual Art, profoundly influencing artists like Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, and Joseph Beuys, as well as photographers Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin, Cindy Sherman, and Richard Avedon. Even in exile during World War II, while working in Los Angeles, he continued to innovate, blending Surrealist fantasy with the luminosity of the California landscape before returning to Paris, where he spent his final decades refining his poetic, intellectual, and sensuous vision. Exhibited in major institutions such as the Museum of Modern Art, the Tate Modern, and the Centre Pompidou, Man Ray’s work remains foundational to modern art history—bridging painting, photography, film, and sculpture in a body of work that continues to shape the language of visual culture. Standing alongside Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Wassily Kandinsky, and Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray endures as one of the most original and influential artists of the modern era. His highest auction record was achieved by Noire et Blanche (1926), which sold for 3.13 million USD at Christie’s, Paris, on November 9, 2017, confirming his status as a timeless innovator whose genius continues to inspire artists, collectors, and dreamers worldwide. Man Ray Rayograph...

This series of cyanotype triptychs showcases the beauty of nature scenes, including stunning beaches and oceans, as well as the intricate textures of water, forests, and skies. These...

John Baldessari Love and Work 1991: Baldessari’s Love & Work 1991, photogravure and color aquatint, features clasped hands clutching surrealistically amidst a black background. Classic, timeless Baldessari imagery that is sure to work well in any setting. Medium: Color photogravure and aquatint on wove paper. 1991. Dimensions: 26 x 11.5 inches. Well-preserved and in very good overall condition. Framed in acrylic plexiglass. One of the 15 numbered artist's proofs, aside from the general edition of 60. Signed, inscribed "A.P." and numbered 12/15 in pencil, lower margin. Published by Brooke Alexander, Inc., New York. Collections: MoMa New York John Baldessari: It is hard to characterize John Baldessari's varied practice—which includes photomontage, artist’s books, prints, paintings, film, performance, and installation—except through his approach of good-humored irreverence. Baldessari is commonly associated with Conceptual or Minimalist art, though he has called this characterization “a little bit boring.” His two-dimensional works often incorporate found images, composed in layers or presented as distinct pieces with an element of surprise, like a brightly colored geometric shape in the place of a face or a starkly printed sardonic caption. Baldessari has demonstrated a lasting interest in language and semantics, articulating these concerns through the use of puns or the juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated images and words, as in his 1978 work Blasted Allegories. His self-referencing photomontages and use of text have been sources of inspiration for countless artists, including Cindy Sherman, David Salle, and Barbara Kruger. Baldessari identifies his own artistic lineage, saying, "I would prefer to go to the source with Duchamp rather than credit Warhol as an influence." Related Categories: Surrealist. Ed Ruscha. Los Angeles. Conceptual art. Photography. Minimalist. John Baldessari prints.

Mid-Century Shapes XIII is a captivating cyanotype monotype that draws on the visual language of mid-century abstraction. Featuring fluid, interlocking forms rendered in rich Prussi...

This exquisite heliogravure after Man Ray (1890–1976), titled Untitled, originates from the 1980 folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolios. Published by Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Mi...

This exquisite heliogravure after Man Ray (1890–1976), titled Rayograph, originates from the 1980 folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolios. Published by Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano, and printed by Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano, 1980. This image exemplifies Man Ray’s pioneering “rayograph” technique—a cameraless photographic process in which objects were placed directly onto photosensitive paper and exposed to light, creating luminous abstract compositions that fused chance, intuition, and surrealist invention. Through this groundbreaking process, Man Ray transformed photography into pure visual poetry, redefining its potential as a form of modern art. Executed as a heliogravure on velin paper, this work measures 15.75 x 11.75 inches. Unsigned and unnumbered as issued. The edition exemplifies the refined craftsmanship of Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano. Artwork Details: Artist: After Man Ray (1890–1976) Title: Rayograph Medium: Heliogravure on velin paper Dimensions: 15.75 x 11.75 inches (40.01 x 29.84 cm) Inscription: Unsigned and unnumbered as issued Date: 1980 Publisher: Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano Printer: Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano Condition: Well preserved, consistent with age and medium Provenance: From the folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolios, published and printed by Gruppo Editoriale Electra, Milano, 1980 Notes: Excerpted from the folio (translated from Italian), Limited edition of M examples, drawn in heliogravure on special paper, designed specifically for the Portfolios Electa. Gruppo Editoriale Electra/Milan. Printed in Italy. About the Publication: The Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolio (1980) was published by Gruppo Editoriale Electra in Milan as part of the distinguished Electa Portfolios series, which celebrated the masters of 20th-century photography through the artisanal process of heliogravure printing. This edition was dedicated to Man Ray’s seminal body of photographic work from 1920 to 1934—an era in which he redefined modern image-making through technical invention, surrealist experimentation, and intellectual daring. Produced in collaboration with leading photographic historians and Italian master printers, the portfolio was printed on specially manufactured velin paper designed exclusively for the Electa Portfolios, ensuring tonal precision and textural depth true to the artist’s originals. The publication represents one of the most refined posthumous tributes to Man Ray’s legacy, combining Italian craftsmanship with avant-garde vision to preserve the luminous complexity of his photographs. Created with the same devotion to innovation and elegance that characterized Man Ray’s own practice, this edition remains an important intersection of fine art publishing and modernist history. About the Artist: Man Ray (1890–1976) was an American-born painter, sculptor, photographer, filmmaker, and conceptual visionary whose radical imagination and technical innovation transformed modern art and established him as one of the leading figures of the 20th century. Born Emmanuel Radnitzky in Philadelphia, he became a central force in both the Dada and Surrealist movements, defying artistic boundaries and redefining the relationship between art, technology, and the unconscious. After early involvement in New York’s avant-garde with Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray moved to Paris in 1921, where he joined a revolutionary circle of artists including Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Wassily Kandinsky, and Marcel Duchamp. There, he pioneered the “rayograph,” or photogram—a cameraless photographic technique that used light and shadow to create ethereal abstract compositions—and produced some of the most iconic images in art history, including Le Violon d’Ingres (1924) and Noire et Blanche (1926). His photography, distinguished by its fusion of elegance, surrealism, and psychological depth, captured the essence of modernist Paris and immortalized creative icons such as Kiki de Montparnasse, Gertrude Stein, and James Joyce. At the same time, Man Ray’s experimental films, including Le Retour a la Raison (1923) and L’Etoile de mer (1928), and his sculptural works like The Gift (1921) and Object to Be Destroyed (1923), expanded the possibilities of art itself, transforming ordinary objects into symbols of mystery and desire. His conceptual approach—viewing art as an idea rather than an object—anticipated later movements such as Pop Art, Minimalism, and Conceptual Art, profoundly influencing artists like Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, and Joseph Beuys, as well as photographers Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin, Cindy Sherman, and Richard Avedon. Even in exile during World War II, while working in Los Angeles, he continued to innovate, blending Surrealist fantasy with the luminosity of the California landscape before returning to Paris, where he spent his final decades refining his poetic, intellectual, and sensuous vision. Exhibited in major institutions such as the Museum of Modern Art, the Tate Modern, and the Centre Pompidou, Man Ray’s work remains foundational to modern art history—bridging painting, photography, film, and sculpture in a body of work that continues to shape the language of visual culture. Standing alongside Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Wassily Kandinsky, and Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray endures as one of the most original and influential artists of the modern era. His highest auction record was achieved by Noire et Blanche (1926), which sold for 3.13 million USD at Christie’s, Paris, on November 9, 2017, confirming his status as a timeless innovator whose genius continues to inspire artists, collectors, and dreamers worldwide. Man Ray Rayograph...

This exquisite heliogravure after Erwin Blumenfeld (1897–1969), titled The Devil's Cross, originates from the 1981 folio Erwin Blumenfeld, Electa Editrice Portfolios. Published by Gr...

This is an exclusive handprinted limited edition cyanotype. "Mediterranean Blue Sea Waves" is a handmade cyanotype print of the subtle tidal flow moving in on the Mediterranean Sea. ...

4th issue of VERVE, "the magazine to look for" Teriade, E. (director), texts by Henri Michaux, Paul Valéry, Rainer Maria Rilke, Jean-Paul Sartre et. al Verve Volume One No. 4; No. 4...

This series of cyanotype triptychs showcases the beauty of nature scenes, including stunning beaches and oceans, as well as the intricate textures of water, forests, and skies. These...

Allen Ruppersberg (American, 1944-) Lithograph, Mixed media From the Top Ten Historical Similarities (and Differences) Between Prints and Photographs. This sale is of one print not t...

This exquisite heliogravure after Diane Arbus (1923–1971), titled Child with a Toy Hand Grenade in Central Park, N.Y.C., originates from the 1979 folio Diane Arbus, Electa Editrice P...

This series of cyanotype triptychs showcases the beauty of nature scenes, including stunning beaches and oceans, as well as the intricate textures of water, forests, and skies. These triptychs are large pieces that feature lush blues, making them an impressive addition to any beautifully designed space. Each triptych is printed by hand and carefully crafted to capture the unique essence of these natural environments, with a focus on the interplay of light and shadows, and the subtle nuances of tone and texture. The beach and ocean scenes depict the dynamic beauty of waves crashing against the shore, with the cyanotype process lending a dreamy, ethereal quality to the images. Similarly, the forest and wood scenes offer a glimpse into the hidden depths of nature, with the cyanotype process lending a sense of mystery and wonder to the images, while the lush blues of cyanotypes imitate the sky and clouds perfectly. These triptychs are perfect for anyone who loves to surround themselves with the beauty of nature, and they make an excellent centerpiece for any beautifully designed space. Details: + Title: Pleasant Waters in Tulum Beach...

Lithograph on on Arches wove paper from Men in the Cities portfolio. Hand signed and numbered by Robert Longo. Published by Wolfryd-Selway Fine Art, New York, with their blindstamp....

“Stacking Stones” is a unique cyanotype monotype by Kind of Cyan that explores balance, rhythm, and form through organic abstraction. Created using traditional light-sensitive proces...

This vintage exhibition poster features a David Hockney photographic collage. Hockney’s keen eye and uncanny ability to capture his subjects’ individuality is evident in this casual...

This exquisite heliogravure after Sir Cecil Beaton (1904–1980), titled Pablo Picasso, from the folio Cecil Beaton, Electa Editrice Portfolios, 1981, originates from the 1981 edition ...

This series of cyanotype triptychs showcases the beauty of nature scenes, including stunning beaches and oceans, as well as the intricate textures of water, forests, and skies. These...

Exceptional photo of Marilyn in her Dior black dress during her last session for Vogue magazine. Photographed by Bert Stern. Very limited edition of 72 copies. Signed on the front an...

This is an exclusive handprinted limited edition cyanotype diptych of foamy gorgeous clouds. Details: + Title: Floating Clouds Diptych + Year: 2023 + Edition Size: 20 + Stamped and ...

This is an exclusive handprinted limited edition cyanotype. "Infinity Pool" is a sophisticated image that captures the water reflections shimmering over ...

Unframed In excellent condition Measures 27x19

The inaugural issue of VERVE, the influential modernist magazine – original lithographs - texts in English. Teriade, E. (director), André Gide, Georges Bataille, Henri Michaux, Andr...

Area Nightclub 1984: A RARE original 1984 street poster for the seminal & much legendary 1980s New York nightclub Area, uniquely featuring an alien-like Ronald Reagan; a poster that ...

This is an exclusive handprinted limited edition cyanotype of a beautiful palm leave. Details: + Title: Tropical Palm Branches + Year: 2024 + Edition Size: 20 + Stamped and Certificate of Authenticity provided + Measurements : 70x100 cm (28x 40 in.), a standard frame size + All cyanotype prints are made on high-quality Italian watercolor paper * Frame is for illustrative purposes only. Artwork shipped carefully rolled and packaged in a tube. WHAT IS A CYANOTYPE? The cyanotype (a.k.a. sun-print) process is one of the oldest in the history of photography, dating back to the 1840's. Cyanotypes were then made famous by Anna Atkins, considered the first female photographer. Inspired by nature, we feel the need to look back at a craft that is handmade, analogue, and using an all-natural light source: the sun. Our cyanotypes are made by coating high-quality Italian watercolor paper with a light-sensitive emulsion. We then expose it in direct sunlight for several minutes using a photo negative to get the best image quality. Finally, the print is washed and fixed with water to stop the reaction and prevent fading. What you get is an amazing, royal blue image...

Keith Haring Painted Man: Original 1983 announcement card for Keith Haring’s well-documented exhibition, Keith Haring 'Into 84' at Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York, 1983. For this series Haring borrowed Jones' body — from head to toe — as the canvas to his work. A bodily canvas defined by much of the bold pictograms characteristic of Haring's artistic signature. Photos by Haring's long-time friend and collaborator Tseng Kwong Chi. Off-set printed, 1983. Dimensions: 6 x 4 inches. Some minor fading to the reverse; otherwise very good overall condition with strong colors. Literature: Keith Haring: Posters (Prestel pub.) Further About In 1983 Keith Haring teamed up with award-winning choreographer and dancer Bill T. Jones, founder of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. Keith and Bill met in London in 1983 at a time when the graffiti artist was opening a major show at the Robert Fraser Gallery, and together they produced a series of exceptional collaborations in both performance and drawing. Related Categories Keith Haring dancer. Ballet. Keith Haring Figurative Drawings. Keith Haring Into 84 poster. Keith Haring and Tony Shafrazi. Haring Shafrazi.

Bert Stern Gravure lithograph and serigraph Created by Bert Stern for the 1968 cover of the art magazine, "Avant Garde". Depicts Marilyn Monroe and is hand signed, dated and titled...

This unique cyanotype monotype transforms organic, river-like forms into a serene field of flowing blues. Soft, undulating shapes echo water, canyon horizons, and desert calm, giving...

This is an exclusive handprinted limited edition cyanotype. This beautiful triptych is called "French Riviera Cove" and it shows the water reflection of one of the most iconic coves ...

This exquisite heliogravure after Man Ray (1890–1976), titled Illustration for the Novel, Aurelien, by Louis Aragon, originates from the 1980 folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolio...

This exquisite heliogravure after Sir Cecil Beaton (1904–1980), titled Greta Garbo, from the folio Cecil Beaton, Electa Editrice Portfolios, 1981, originates from the 1981 edition pu...

This series of cyanotype triptychs showcases the beauty of nature scenes, including stunning beaches and oceans, as well as the intricate textures of water, forests, and skies. These triptychs are large pieces that feature lush blues, making them an impressive addition to any beautifully designed space. Each triptych is printed by hand and carefully crafted to capture the unique essence of these natural environments, with a focus on the interplay of light and shadows, and the subtle nuances of tone and texture. The beach and ocean scenes depict the dynamic beauty of waves crashing against the shore, with the cyanotype process lending a dreamy, ethereal quality to the images. Similarly, the forest and wood scenes...

My Secret Business, 1992-1993 Duotone offset litho, Lithograph Sheet measures 30.13'' x 22.5'' (76 X 56 cm). 23 1/2 × 18 in (59.7 × 45.7 cm) image. Hand-signed by artist, Signed, da...

This is an exclusive handprinted limited edition cyanotype. "Greek Beach Bliss" is a cyanotype of a woman's feet in the fresh water of a sandy beach shore...

This exquisite heliogravure after Man Ray (1890–1976), titled Fashion Photography, Partial Solarization, originates from the 1980 folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolios. Published...

This gorgeous offset lithograph poster was created on the occasion of the Eva Arnold exhibition, Marilyn Monroe: An Appreciation, at the famed Leo Castelli Gallery in 1987 - Castelli...

Signed Keith Haring poster 1985: A highly collectible hand-signed 1985 Keith Haring exhibition poster published on the occasion of: Keith Haring Painting...

Philip Pearlstein The Complete Paintings, 1984 Hardback monograph with dust jacket Hand signed, dated and inscribed to Nadine by Philip Pearlstein 12 × 10 1/2 × 1 3/4 inches This i...

Ed Ruscha Some Los Angeles Apartments, 1970 Softback monograph with stiff wraps Second Edition Limited Edition of 3000 (the first edition in 1968 was 700) 7 × 5 1/2 inches Accompanie...

Andy Warhol 1967: Film Culture magazine, 1967 featuring cover art by Andy Warhol. Warhol designed the cover using portraits taken in a photo booth ...

This exquisite heliogravure after Man Ray (1890–1976), titled Solarized Portrait of Georges Braque, originates from the 1980 folio Man Ray, Electa Editrice Portfolios. Published by G...

Pink Wall is an original artwork realized by Sergio Picciaredda in the 2010s. Mixed colored print on Matte Photo Paper. Good conditions. Give a t...

Created as an original lithograph by Bert Stern in 1973 from his original negative taken during The Last Sitting, commissioned by Vogue Magazine in 1962/1973, Marilyn (Blue) is hand-...

Richard Corman Jean-Michel Basquiat 1984 (Red), 2020 Offset lithograph poster on color archival pigment paper Signed and numbered 2/100 by Richard Corman in silver sharpie on the fro...

Allen Ruppersberg (American, 1944-) Lithograph, Mixed media From the Top Ten Historical Similarities (and Differences) Between Prints and Photographs. This sale is of one print not t...

This one-of-a-kind cyanotype monotype layers soft, sinuous bands of blue to create a serene, wave-like field of motion. The artist shapes light-sensitive chemistry directly on waterc...