Pair of Cobra Candle Holders - France, Circa 1920s
Located in Isle Sur La Sorgue, Vaucluse
Exotic pair of brass candlesticks with intricate etched pattern and red enamel finish.
Pair of Cobra Candle Holders - France, Circa 1920s
Located in Isle Sur La Sorgue, Vaucluse
Exotic pair of brass candlesticks with intricate etched pattern and red enamel finish.
A Pair of Egyptian Revival Enameled Brass Cobra Candle Wall Sconces, ca. 1920
Located in New York, NY
ABOUT SCONCES A pair of vintage enameled brass candle sconces, of sculptural form designed as serpentine cobras, evoking the Egyptian revival style, with lotus form bobeches.
Brass
Cobra Nickel Candle Holder in Brass, Viya by Vikram Goyal
By Viya by Vikram Goyal
Located in Noida, DL
Cobra Nickel Candle Holder in Brass, Viya by Vikram Goyal The serpent slithers through many of our stories, curling and rising with myth and memory.
Brass
Cobra Nickel Candle Holder Small in Brass, Viya by Vikram Goyal
By Viya by Vikram Goyal
Located in Noida, DL
Cobra Nickel Candle Holder Small in Brass, Viya by Vikram Goyal The serpent slithers through many of our stories, curling and rising with myth and memory.
Brass
Pair of Vintage Small Brass Cobra Snake Candle Holders – Hand-Etched Revival
Located in Toronto, CA
A rare and captivating pair of vintage brass cobra snake candle holders in a smaller, highly sought-after scale.
Brass
Enameled Bronze Cobra Snake Candlestick
Located in South Bend, IN
A gorgeous antique Arts & Crafts or Art Deco period bronze and enameled cobra form candlestick Circa Early 20th Century Measures: 7"W x 8.25"D x 8.25"H. Good original vintage cond...
Bronze, Enamel
$2,200 / set
Pair of Cobra Shaped Candlesticks
Located in New York, NY
Pair of circa 1940's Moroccan brass cobra shaped candlesticks. Measurements: Height of body: 8" Diameter at widest: 6.5"
Brass
Persian Style Brass Cobra Snake Candlestick
Located in Queens, NY
Middle Eastern Persian-style brass candlestick in the form of a cobra snake with incised black and red enamel decoration. Condition: Good; Wear consistent with age and use
Brass
Pair Of 1920s Egyptian Revival Cobra Candleholders
Located in London, GB
Pair of 1920s Egyptian Revival cobra candleholders. Wonderful solid brass, Art Deco candleholders with fine detailing. In excellent condition with light age-related wear. We present...
Brass
Pair of Asian Siamese Style Bronze Cobra Candlesticks
Located in Queens, NY
PAIR of Asian Siamese-style (19/20th Century) bronze cobra candlesticks (PRICED AS PAIR)
Bronze
Art Deco Cobra Candlestick in Silvered Bronze, 1920s–1940s
Located in Knivsta, SE
Art Deco Cobra Candlestick in Silvered Bronze, 1920s–1940s A striking and highly sculptural Art Deco candlestick in the form of a cobra, crafted in silvered bronze during the 1920s–...
Silver Plate, Bronze
Art Deco Cobra Candlestick in Silvered Bronze, 1920s–1940s
Located in Knivsta, SE
Art Deco Cobra Candlestick in Silvered Bronze, 1920s–1940s A striking and highly sculptural Art Deco candlestick in the form of a cobra, crafted in silvered bronze during the 1920s–...
Silver Plate, Bronze
Pair of engraved brass cobra candlesticks - Bohemian style, 1960s
Located in Linkebeek, BE
brass animal sculpture - decoration Measures : 12x15cm H:18cm Material: Brass These brass Cobra candlesticks are vintage collectibles, made around the mid-20th century. Materia...
Brass
Carl Auböck #4162-2 Candlestick "Cobra", Austria 2022
By Werkstätte Carl Auböck
Located in Berlin, DE
Carl Auböck #4162-2 candlestick "Cobra", Austria 2022.
Brass
Anthony Redmile Brass Cobra, Ostrich Egg Crown, Malachite Inset, Candelabra
Located in Culver City, CA
This is an Anthony Redmile brass cobra candlestick, and it's exactly as unhinged and magnificent as that sounds.
Malachite, Brass
$1,020Sale Price|20% Off
19th Century Anglo, Indian Engraved & Jeweled Bronze Cobra Candlestick
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
The quality of the craftsmanship of the casting, the sculpture is complete with an inset ( green-glass) 'emerald gemstone' A substantial work, Realistically cast and modeled, the...
Bronze
Indian Bronze Cobra Candlestick, Naga Lamp, Hand-Hammered, Circa 1930
Located in ROUEN, Normandie
This sculptural candlestick is a rare early 20th-century Indian bronze Naga lamp, depicting a rearing cobra emerging from a coiled base and crowned with a lotus-form candle cup.
Metal, Bronze
Pair of Indian Art Deco Brass Cobra Candlesticks, circa 1930s–1940s
Located in Knivsta, SE
Pair of Indian Art Deco Brass Cobra Candlesticks, circa 1930s–1940s A striking and highly decorative pair of brass candlesticks in the form of rearing cobras, likely produced in Ind...
Brass
Candelabra Cobra G022 Cast Brass Gold coloured made in Spain by David Marshall
By David Marshall
Located in Benahavis, AN
The decorative Candelabre was created by David Marshall, it is made of sand cast brass. Handmade, mounted and finished in our foundry and workshop in Spain from recycled materials. ...
Brass
Antique French Art Deco Brass Serpent Form Candle Holders, Pair, Circa 1920s
Located in Elkhart, IN
A striking pair of antique French brass serpent candle holders dating to the 1920s, sculpted with elegantly coiled bodies that rise into finely detailed cobra heads supporting candle...
Brass
Pair of Egyptian Revival Nickle-Plated Cobra-Form Candleholders
By Angel & Zevallos
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
This stylish and exotic pair of cobra-form candle sticks date from the 1920s during the height of the Tutankhamun discoveries in Egypt.
Bronze, Nickel
Mid-20th Century Anglo-Indian Brass Cobra Candle Sconces, Pair
Located in Elkhart, IN
A stunning pair of mid-20th century Anglo-Indian brass cobra candle wall sconces Measures: 3.75"W x 4.75"D x 18.5"H Very good vintage condition.
Brass
Pair of 1960s French Brass Cobra Candle Holders
Located in London, GB
Pair of 1960s French cobra sconces. Superb pair of solid brass candleholders. Beautiful Egyptian Revival style sconces sourced from a large Parisian apartment. In excellent conditio...
Brass
Pair of Serpentine Cobra Candle Sconces
Located in Astoria, NY
Pair of mid-20th century sculptural candle sconces as serpentine cobras, with metallic finish, each surmounted by lotus bobeche.
Metal
Sensational Pair of Enamel Brass Egyptian Revival Cobra Candle Sconces
Located in Hopewell, NJ
A very chic pair of enameled brass candle sconces in the shape of stylized serpentine cobras with lotus form bobeches.
Brass
Matched Pair of Etched Brass Cobra Wall Sconces
Located in Palm Beach, FL
A matched pair of etched floral design brass cobra candle wall sconces. These sconces can be easily and reasonable wired for electricity.
Large Stamped and Etched Brass Cobra Candlesticks
Located in Palm Beach, FL
A large pair of stamped and etched cobra candlesticks. Wonderful tall form, with candle holder protruding from the mouth of the cobras.
Pair of Cobra Form Candlesticks, 1940s
Located in Doylestown, PA
Pair of cobra form candlesticks in brass with enamel decoration, Moroccan, circa 1940.
Brass
A Unique Pair of Cobra Candlesticks attributed to Anthony Redmille
Located in NYC, NY
A unique pair of figural candlesticks depicting a standing cobra. The entire body is exquisitely carved to show scales with glass eyes with metal tongue.Attributed to the great Engli...
Persian Style Brass Cobra Snake Candlestick - 20th
Located in Linkebeek, BE
Persian Style Brass Cobra Snake Candlestick - 20th polychrome sculpture - candlestick - India Middle Eastern Persian-style brass candlestick in the form of a cobra snake with incised...
Metal, Brass
Pair of Mid Century Brass Cobra Candlesticks
Located in New York, NY
A brass pair of candelsticks each in the shape of a cobra. Cast brass has etched details on the length of the body and across the cup surface. Mid 20th Century.
Brass
Pair Brass Cobra Candlesticks, mid 20th Century
Located in New York, NY
These exquisite brass candlesticks embody the captivating allure of the cobra. Standing proudly at a height of 8 inches, each candlestick is a masterful work of art crafted with stun...
Brass
Art Nouveau "Jeweled Cobra" Candlestick by Tiffany Studios
By Tiffany Studios
Located in Englewood, NJ
An Art Nouveau bronze and glass candlestick "Jeweled Cobra" candlestick by, Tiffany Studios decorated with a jeweled candleholder all finished in a gilt bronze finish further decorat...
Bronze
Cool Pair of Brass Cobra Candlesticks from the 1930s
Located in Knivsta, SE
A very cool pair of Brass Cobra Candlesticks. Probably made in India during the 1930s. Fine craftmanship with rich decoration of flowers and leaves. Wear consistent with age and use.
Brass
Sold
H 9.06 in Dm 7.09 in
1970s Golden Brass Italian Couple of Cobra-Shaped Candelsticks, with Contrasts
Located in Valladolid, ES
Awesome and fun couple of cobra-shaped golden brass candelsticks, Italian desig, with contrasts, a very nice detail for any corner.
Brass
Sold
H 9.45 in W 5.91 in D 5.52 in
A pair of Raj period Indian bronze candlesticks in the form of striking cobras
Located in Central England, GB
The eyes are inlaid in orange coral and from behind their raised heads the candle sconces have been fitted with decorative shaped and engraved drip pans.
Bronze
Pair of Etched Brass Electrifed Cobra Wall Sconces
Located in Palm Beach, FL
Pair of recently electrified etched brass cobra wall sconces, with wax candle cups. Please check out our website at fshenemaderantiques.com
Pair of Anglo Indian Brass Cobra Wall Sconces
Located in Palm Beach, FL
Pair of brass wall sconces in the form of cobras or snakes with floral candle cups at the top, hand hammered symbolic designs throughout, and traces of enamel over a bronze like patina.
Brass
Sold
H 9.5 in W 3.5 in D 4 in
Wonderful Modern Georg Jensen Cobra Set 3 Candle Holders Small Medium Large
By Georg Jensen
Located in Roslyn, NY
A Wonderful Modern Georg Jensen Cobra Set 3 Candle Holders: Small Medium & Large
Stainless Steel
Sold
H 9 in W 6 in D 7 in
Pair of Vintage Brass Cobra Snake Candle Holders – Hand-Etched Revival Style
Located in Toronto, CA
Striking and symbolic, this pair of vintage brass cobra snake candle holders is a bold statement of mysticism and design.
Brass
Sold
H 7 in W 6 in D 5 in
Pair of Vintage Brass Cobra Snake Candle Holders – Hand-Etched Revival Style
Located in Toronto, CA
Striking and symbolic, this pair of vintage brass cobra snake candle holders is a bold statement of mysticism and design.
Brass
Cobra Snake Brass Bronze Candleholders
Located in Toronto, ON
A pair of Cobra snake shaped bronze candleholders. Made in the 1950s.
Brass
Small Cobra Snake Brass Bronze Candleholders
Located in Toronto, ON
A pair of Cobra snake shaped bronze candleholders. Made in the 1950s.
Brass
French Art Deco Brass Cobra Candlesticks
Located in New York, NY
Exquisite pair of Art Deco brass Cobra candlesticks with scaled and coiled bodies.
Brass
Large Brass Cobra Snake Wall Sconces Pair
Located in Toronto, CA
Enhance your decor with this rare pair of large brass cobra snake candle wall sconces. Each sconce features a gracefully coiled cobra, intricately detailed with vibrant brass accents.
Brass
Pair of French Midcentury Bronze Cobra Candlesticks
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Pair of French midcentury bronze cobra candlesticks, each one realistically cast and modeled, warm original patina.
Bronze
Pair of Midcentury Enameled Brass Cobra Candlesticks
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Pair of midcentury enameled brass cobra candlesticks, each realistically cast and modled, with incised enamel decoration.
Brass
A Magnificent italian Vintage brass cobra wall sconce
Located in BARCELONA, ES
The magnificent Italian vintage brass cobra wall sconce is a striking piece that embodies both artistry and functionality. This sconce is a testament to the exquisite craftsmanship a...
Brass
Cool Pair of Brass Cobra Candlesticks from the 1930s
Located in Knivsta, SE
A very cool pair of Brass Cobra Candlesticks. Probably made in India during the 1930s. Fine craftmanship with rich decoration of flowers and leaves. Wear consistent with age and use.
Brass
Pair of Solid Brass Cobra Snake Sculpture Candlestick Holders
Located in New York, NY
A striking pair of solid brass Cobra snake sculpture candlestick holders. Beautiful details from base to top, with brass resembling snakeskin look and feel. Each measure: 8.75 in. H...
Brass
Anglo-Indian Cast Brass and Black Enamel Cobra Wall Sconce
Located in Atlanta, GA
A single early 20th century Anglo-Indian cast brass wall sconce in the form of a snake or cobra. The sconce holds a tapered candle and has black enamel details all-over.
Brass, Enamel
Sold
H 13.5 in W 6.5 in D 8 in
Vintage Brass Figural Hollywood Regency Coiled Cobra Snake Candlesticks - a Pair
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Vintage Brass Figural Hollywood Regency Coiled Cobra Snake Candlesticks - a Pair. Circa mid 20th century Measurements: 13.5" H x 6.5" W x 8" D.
Brass
Unique Pair of Cobra and Snake Brass and Painted Enamel Candleholders
Located in San Diego, CA
A very cool pair of vintage brass and painted enamel candlesticks shaped like a Cobra ready to strike. The candlesticks are intricately painted and can be disassembled into four piec...
Brass, Enamel
Sold
H 7 in W 6 in D 4.5 in
Pair of Original, Antique Tiffany Studious Candlesticks, "Cobra Pattern" ca.1905
By Tiffany Studios
Located in Petaluma, CA
If you are looking for a pair of Tiffany candlesticks these are hard to beat. Beautifully cast and richly patinated with reddish brown with green highlights that Tiffany was known f...
Bronze
Sold
H 13 in W 6.5 in D 4.25 in
Pair Tiffany Studios Cobra Bronze Candlesticks with L.C.T. Favrile Lamp Shades
By Louis Comfort Tiffany, Tiffany Studios
Located in Dallas, TX
A rare pair Tiffany Studios cobra bronze candlesticks with L.C.T. Favrile lamp shades. Absolutely beautiful green, red and brown patina with no issues; just age. The gold Favrile sig...
Bronze
Vintage Pair of Brass Cobra Sconces
Located in Palm Beach, FL
Unique and exotic pair of vintage, candle powered cobra sconces crafted in brass and inscribed with detailed snake skin.
Four Snake Candle Sconces
Located in Chicago, IL
These are very interesting Cobra Candle Sconces. They could be drilled and wired for electric or left the way they are.
Tiffany Studios Cobra Candlestick
Located in Stamford, CT
On a scale of 1 to ten, this patina is a 10. Signed Tiffany Studios 1203
Bronze
Pair of Bronze Cobra Candleholders
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Wonderful pair of etched bronze cobra candleholders. Please feel free to contact us directly for any additional information or a shipping quote by clicking "Contact Dealer" below.
Bronze
Tiffany Studios Bronze Cobra Candlestick
By Tiffany Studios
Located in Salt Lake City, UT
A green glass and bronze candlestick stamped and numbered "Tiffany Studios."
Bronze
Sold
H 23.62 in Dm 3.86 in
Georg Jensen Cobra Floor Large Candleholder Gold Plated by Constantin Wortmann
By Constantin Wortmann, Georg Jensen
Located in New York, NY
Tall and sinewy, the shape gives the illusion of movement, especially when reflecting the golden light of the lit candle. It makes a striking addition to any home.
Stainless Steel
Chased and Painted Brass Cobra Candlesticks
Located in North Hollywood, CA
These charming cobra snake candlesticks are sure to add an exotic touch to any decor! The brass has been hand chase hammered, and hand painted. Both are in excellent original conditi...
Pair of French Egyptian Revival Bronze Cobra Wall Sconces
Located in Chicago, IL
A pair of Egyptian Revival bronze cobra sconces with candle cups, c. 1920s. Lovely patina, black and red highlights; in pristine condition.
Pair of Egyptian Revival Cobra-Form Wall Mount Candleholders
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
This stylish set of Egyptian Revival wall-mount, cobra-form candleholders will make the perfect addition to your French Empire setting or perhaps as an exotic accent to a modern inte...
Brass
Sold
H 1.93 in W 3.9 in D 3.9 in
Georg Jensen Cobra Tealights Set in Stainless Steel by Constantin Wortmann
By Constantin Wortmann, Georg Jensen
Located in New York, NY
The movement and fragility of a flickering candle is caught in shiny stainless steel in these beautiful and decorative tea light holders.
Stainless Steel
$6,950 / item
H 47.25 in Dm 21.66 in
Florian Schulz Double Onos 55-Pendant Lamp with Side Counter Weights
By Florian Schulz
Located in Berlin, DE
Really beautiful Florian Schulz double Onos 55-pendant lamp with one E27 / model for each lamp 100 Watt bulbs. Also available in US wired.
Brass
1926 Rene Lalique Vase Danaides Smoked Topaz Glass with White Patina
By René Lalique
Located in Boulogne Billancourt, FR
Vase "Danaïdes" made in smoked topaz glass with white patina by Rene Lalique in 1926. Molded signature on bottom. Perfect condition. Beautiful et very rare color. height : 18,5 cm...
Glass, Art Glass
Bird Cage Jugendstil, Art Nouveau, Liberty, Year: 1900, France
Located in Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C
Bird Cage, Art Nouveau Year: 1900 Country: French Material: Iron It is an elegant and sophisticated bird cage. We have specialized in the sale of Art Deco and Art Nouveau styles s...
Iron
Egyptian Stone Relief of Man and Wife
Located in London, GB
This painted limestone relief is an exquisite example of New Kingdom relief carving from the apogee of Egyptian artistic production. Carved in raised relief - a labour-intensive tech...
Limestone
Meiji Period Japanese Bronze Cranes Sculpture, 43.7 Inches Tall
Located in Lincoln, GB
A Pair of Monumental Japanese Bronze Cranes, Meiji Period (1868–1912) An exceptionally fine pair of Japanese bronze cranes, displaying the masterful realism and technical virtuosity ...
Bronze
$4,172 / item
H 23.63 in Dm 7.88 in
Josef Hoffmann Silk and Brass Pendant Wiener Werstaette 5th Avenue, Re Edition
By Woka Lamps, Josef Hoffmann, Wiener Werkstätte
Located in Vienna, AT
This marvellous pendant was designed for the New York branch of the historical Wiener Werkstaette. All components according to the UL regulations, with an additional charge we will ...
Brass
$7,576 / set
H 35.44 in W 21.66 in D 5.91 in
Pair of Large Ginkgo Leave Brass Wall Lights, Organic Shape, Tommaso Barbi Style
By Tommaso Barbi
Located in Bochum, NRW
Amazing pair of wall lights made of two overlapping brass leaves of ginkgo. Organic shape, this wall light could make an eye catcher of your interior. Entirely hand made, this piece ...
Brass
$11,995
H 78.75 in W 56.5 in D 4.5 in
Pair Antique American Stained Glass Gothic Art Nouveau Doors Windows Povey Bros
By Louis Comfort Tiffany
Located in Portland, OR
A rare & important pair of antique American Art Nouveau with Gothic frames stained glass doors/windows, by Povey Brothers, Portland Oregon, circa 1900. Over 6.5' in height. Povey Bro...
Stained Glass
$60,542Sale Price|20% Off
H 104.34 in W 153.55 in D 19.69 in
Antique Pharmacy Cabinet, Walnut Bookcases and Glass Doors with Sign, '800 Italy
Located in Cuneo, Italy (CN)
Complete antique pharmacy cabinet, with 3 open bookcases on the sides, 1 bookcase with drawers and 2 original doors with glass and enameled mirror sign. Built in the mid-19th century...
Glass, Walnut
Pierre-Paul Montagnac Cabinet
By Pierre-Paul Montagnac
Located in Philadelphia, PA
French 1940s cabinet by Pierre-Paul Montagnac. Model exhibited at the 1945 Salon d'Automne. This cabinet is a masterpiece of French cabinet-making designed by Pierre-Paul Montagnac....
Metal
$3,757
H 22.45 in W 31.11 in D 1.97 in
An Egyptian revival bronze wall hanging of Horus, Berlin Foundry - late 19th C
Located in London, GB
Exquisite decorative architectural element, a wall hanging of generous scale. Sand cast bronze, with old verdigris patination and painstaking detail to the composition, the scales an...
Bronze
$1,320Sale Price|20% Off
H 27 in W 34 in D 19 in
Egyptian Revival Gilded Cerule Form Gilded Horse Head Bench Stool
Located in Swedesboro, NJ
This exquisite Egyptian Revival bench stool captures the timeless allure of neoclassical design with a bold nod to antiquity. Crafted in a sculptural cerule form, the bench is distin...
Walnut
$48,000
H 22.25 in W 9 in D 9 in
Art Nouveau "Vase with Water Plants and Bats" by Paul Dachsel for RStK Amphora
By Paul Dachsel, Amphora
Located in Palm Beach, FL
Note: We highly recommend shipping through 1stDibs for its cost effectiveness, full insurance coverage, and reliable handling. While standard parcel services are an option, the defau...
Earthenware
1919 René Lalique, Vase Perruches Electric Blue Glass with White Patina
By René Lalique
Located in Boulogne Billancourt, FR
Vase "Perruches" made in electric blue glass with white patina by René Lalique in 1919. Engraved control signature on bottom. Perfect condition. Exceptionnal and deep color and grea...
Blown Glass
$55,000
H 21.75 in W 11 in D 11 in
Art Nouveau Vase with Fiery Dragon by Stellmacher & Dachsel for RStK Amphora
By Eduard Stellmacher, Paul Dachsel
Located in Palm Beach, FL
Note: We highly recommend shipping through 1stDibs for its cost effectiveness, full insurance coverage, and reliable handling. While standard parcel services are an option, the defau...
Porcelain
$18,000
H 60 in W 32 in D 8.5 in
Early 20th Century Egyptian Revival Painted Wall Cabinet with 2 Doors
Located in Queens, NY
Egyptian-style (19/20th Century) painted hanging wall cabinet with carved & decorated figures and 2 front doors above a single drawer with 2 side shelves
Wood
For centuries, candles have been used in religious ceremonies such as Hanukkah, provided light to work or read by and more. During meals, the soft glimmer of candles adds warmth to a dinner table that no lighting solution could possibly imitate. With the right antique or vintage candleholder, candles can elevate a table setting or just help support your efforts to create a romantic atmosphere in any room.
When you combine the distinctive glow of a candle with a candleholder that matches the color scheme and decor you’ve painstakingly put together, the result can feel like magic. Finding the candleholder that best meets your needs can be daunting because you’re essentially bringing a piece into your home that is as important as the candle itself. Unsurprisingly, venturesome designers over the years have crafted innumerable alternatives to the traditional form of candleholders, and today a broad array of these decorative objects can be found on 1stDibs, whether they’re 19th-century candleholders made of silver or sleek mid-century modern glass candleholders for an understated accent to your dining area.
Try a tabletop orb candleholder from Lynne Meade Ceramics for a distinctive interpretation of this long-loved furnishing. An alluring pair of Georg Jensen stainless-steel candleholders, featuring pronounced organic curves, or Art Nouveau–informed natural-world motifs, on the other hand, can bring a dose of sculptural elegance to your living room.
If you’re more inclined to opt for antique or vintage pieces, find a collection that includes everything from simple wood taper candleholders to elaborate candelabras of gilt bronze or cut glass on 1stDibs now.
The French sculptor shaped dense blocks into tactile forms meant to be used and held.
After synthetic dyes changed fashion, home goods and printed matter, it was only a matter of time till glass caught up.
The brilliantly simple design turns a modest bouquet into a major statement.
The Greek tragedian is said to have been handsome in his day.
Even for those who don’t indulge, elegant smoking accessories and audacious art portraying cigar enthusiasts hold a nostalgic allure.
It’s an excellent example of the sought-after ceramics coming out of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province.
Thanks to its new leadership, the Spanish maker of figurines, busts and lighting is on a mission to update the art of porcelain for the 21st century.
The free-form stoneware piece is inspired by the magnolia tree and its associations with home.