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Max Ernst

American, German, French, 1891-1976

Born in Germany in 1891, later naturalized as an American, then a French citizen, Max Ernst was a pioneer in the Dada and Surrealist movements, the boundaries of which he pushed with his unconventional methods of printmaking, drawing and collage.

Ernst had no formal art training — and that may have been his greatest asset. He produced his first work following four years serving in World War I. At the time, he was in Cologne, Germany, working closely with fellow Dada pioneers Jean Arp and Johannes Baargeld. His output during this period consisted largely of collages, which allowed him to represent the shards, rubble and explosions from his traumatic wartime experience.

In 1922, Ernst moved to France, where he soon became affiliated with Surrealism, the avant-garde art movement taking shape in Paris. Alongside Man Ray, Joan Miró and a couple of others, Ernst was among the first visual artists to experiment with imagery and techniques associated with Surrealism.

Ernst’s greatest contribution to the Surrealist movement was his invention of frottage (French for “rubbing”), wherein an artist rubs a pencil or crayon over a paper atop a textured surface, and later grattage (French for “scraping”), where a similar technique is applied with paint. Both methods showcase Ernst’s fascination with the unconscious and serendipitous elements of artistic creation, a theme that connected the Dadaists and the Surrealists. Ernst had deep knowledge of psychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud’s dream theories, which were big influences on Surrealists. He was among the first Surrealists to use Freud’s work to examine his own creative impulses. He also published a series of books of his collages, all of which were deeply symbolic and often philosophical.

When Germany occupied France during World War II, Ernst escaped to America with the help of patron and collector Peggy Guggenheim, whom he married in 1941. While living in New York, Ernst’s work and techniques proved instrumental in inspiring the early development of Abstract Expressionism — influencing Robert Motherwell and Jackson Pollock in particular. He later moved to Sedona, Arizona, where he lived with his fourth wife, Dorothea Tanning, a fellow Surrealist and prolific visual artist and poet.

While Ernst and Tanning are largely responsible for Sedona’s reputation as an artist colony, they relocated to France in the 1950s and remained until Ernst’s death in Paris in 1976.

Find original Max Ernst art on 1stDibs.

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Creator: Max Ernst
Contemporary Art Bed - Gabbia by Max Ernst
Contemporary Art Bed - Gabbia by Max Ernst

Contemporary Art Bed - Gabbia by Max Ernst

By Max Ernst, Mirabili

Located in Pistoia, IT

Bed, wood, brass, 2 signed silkscreen prints with mirror on the back, decorated mink bedspread. “I have always held the belief that painting must be the nuptial bed for the marriage...

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21st Century and Contemporary Italian Other Max Ernst

Materials

Brass

1971 Max Ernst "Orangerie Des Tuileries" Exposition Lithograph
1971 Max Ernst "Orangerie Des Tuileries" Exposition Lithograph

1971 Max Ernst "Orangerie Des Tuileries" Exposition Lithograph

By Max Ernst

Located in San Carlos, CA

Gorgeous color lithograph after Max Ernst. Printed in 1971 to announce a Max Ernst exhibition at L'orangerie des Tuilieres in Paris, France. This Max Ernst Lithograph...

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1970s French Modern Vintage Max Ernst

Materials

Other

Max Ernst “Déchets d’Atelier” vintage signed poster
Max Ernst “Déchets d’Atelier” vintage signed poster

Max Ernst “Déchets d’Atelier” vintage signed poster

By Max Ernst

Located in Henley-on Thames, Oxfordshire

Signed Max Ernst original lithographic poster from the “Déchets d’Atelier” exhibition held at Galerie Alphonse Chave in Vence 1968 hand signed in pe...

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1960s French Modern Vintage Max Ernst

Materials

Paper

Max Ernst Christmas Card 1938 Signed Modern Mixed Media Collage and Drawing
Max Ernst Christmas Card 1938 Signed Modern Mixed Media Collage and Drawing

Max Ernst Christmas Card 1938 Signed Modern Mixed Media Collage and Drawing

By Max Ernst

Located in Keego Harbor, MI

A Modern Dadaist mixed media collage on paper titled “Christmas Card, 1938.” Signed in pencil “Max Ernst” on the bottom right. The artwork is composed of an addressed stamped envelop...

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19th Century Unknown Antique Max Ernst

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Abstract Modern Lithographs Joan Miro Max Ernst Sonia Delaunay $650 each
Abstract Modern Lithographs Joan Miro Max Ernst Sonia Delaunay $650 each

Abstract Modern Lithographs Joan Miro Max Ernst Sonia Delaunay $650 each

By (after) Sonia Delaunay, Max Ernst, (after) Joan Miró

Located in Atlanta, GA

Mid century modern lithographs after Sonia Delaunay, Max Ernst, and Joan Miro, circa 1950s. They are priced at $650 each. They have been recently professionally framed under UV resis...

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1950s French Mid-Century Modern Vintage Max Ernst

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Glass, Wood, Paper

Original Vintage Art Exhibition Poster MAX ERNST, 1970 Galerie Alphonse Chave
Original Vintage Art Exhibition Poster MAX ERNST, 1970 Galerie Alphonse Chave

Original Vintage Art Exhibition Poster MAX ERNST, 1970 Galerie Alphonse Chave

By Max Ernst

Located in Melbourne, Victoria

Original vintage Art Exhibition Poster MAX ERNST, 1970 Galerie Alphonse Chave "A key member of first Dada and then Surrealism in Europe in the 1910s and 1920s, Max Ernst used a va...

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1970s French Mid-Century Modern Vintage Max Ernst

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Previously Available Items
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Max Ernst furniture for sale on 1stDibs.

Max Ernst furniture are available for sale on 1stDibs. These distinctive items are frequently made of paper and are designed with extraordinary care. There are many options to choose from in our collection of Max Ernst furniture, although brown editions of this piece are particularly popular. We have 4 vintage editions of these items in-stock, while there is 1 modern edition to choose from as well. Many of the original furniture by Max Ernst were created in the modern style in europe during the 20th century. If you’re looking for additional options, many customers also consider furniture by Roman Cieslewicz, André Lanskoy, and Eugene Berman. Prices for Max Ernst furniture can differ depending upon size, time period and other attributes — on 1stDibs, these items begin at $349 and can go as high as $62,340, while a piece like these, on average, fetch $3,119.
Questions About Max Ernst
  • 1stDibs ExpertApril 26, 2024
    Max Ernst lived in several places during his life. He was born in Brühl, Germany, in 1881 and later moved to Bonn to attend the university located there. Then he settled in Cologne, not far from his birthplace. In 1922, Ernst moved to France, where he soon became affiliated with Surrealism, the avant-garde art movement taking shape in Paris. Alongside Man Ray, Joan Miró and others, Ernst was among the first visual artists to experiment with imagery and techniques associated with Surrealism. When Germany occupied France during World War II, Ernst escaped to America with the help of patron and collector Peggy Guggenheim, whom he married in 1941. While living in New York, Ernst's work and techniques proved instrumental in inspiring the early development of Abstract Expressionism. He later moved to Sedona, Arizona, where he lived with his fourth wife, Dorothea Tanning, a fellow Surrealist and prolific visual artist and poet. While Ernst and Tanning are largely responsible for Sedona's reputation as an artist colony, they relocated to France in the 1950s and remained there until Ernst's death in Paris in 1976. On 1stDibs, shop a collection of Max Ernst art.
  • 1stDibs ExpertMarch 13, 2024
    You can see Max Ernst paintings in many places around the world. The Max Ernst Museum Brühl des LVR in Brühl, Germany, is home to one of the largest exhibitions of his work. Other museums that have Max Ernst paintings in their permanent collections include the Museum of Modern Art in New York, New York; the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco, California; the Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois and the Detroit Institute of Arts in Detroit, Michigan. Explore a range of Max Ernst art on 1stDibs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 15, 2024
    Max Ernst used Surrealism to process the traumas he experienced during World War I. His early works consisted largely of collages, which allowed him to represent the shards, rubble and explosions from his wartime experience. In 1922, Ernst moved to France, where he soon became affiliated with Surrealism, the avant-garde art movement taking shape in Paris. Alongside Man Ray, Joan Miró and others, Ernst was among the first visual artists to experiment with the imagery and techniques that became associated with Surrealist art. Ernst’s greatest contribution to the Surrealist movement is often considered his invention of frottage, wherein an artist rubs a pencil or crayon over a paper atop a textured surface, and later grattage, where a similar technique is applied with paint. Both methods showcase Ernst’s fascination with the unconscious and serendipitous elements of artistic creation, a theme that connected the Dadaists and the Surrealists. Explore a range of Max Ernst art on 1stDibs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertNovember 20, 2024
    Max Ernst contributed to Surrealism by pushing the boundaries of the movement with his unconventional methods of printmaking, drawing and collage. He invented frottage (French for “rubbing”), wherein an artist rubs a pencil or crayon over a paper atop a textured surface, and later grattage (French for “scraping”), where a similar technique is applied with paint. Both methods showcase Ernst’s fascination with the unconscious and serendipitous elements of artistic creation, a theme that resonated with the Dadaists and the Surrealists. Ernst had deep knowledge of psychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud’s dream theories, which were big influences on Surrealists. He was among the first Surrealists to use Freud’s work to examine his own creative impulses. He also published a series of books of his collages, all of which were deeply symbolic and often philosophical. Explore a selection of Max Ernst art on 1stDibs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 30, 2024
    How much Max Ernst paintings are worth depends on their size, history, condition and other factors. In 2023, his oil-on-panel piece Taya's Sun sold for more than $304,000 at auction. Ernst was a pioneer in the Dada and Surrealist movements, pushing their boundaries with his unconventional methods of printmaking, drawing and collage. If you own an Ernst, consider having a certified appraiser or experienced art dealer evaluate it. Explore a selection of Max Ernst art on 1stDibs.