$672Sale Price|20% Off
VERSACE 2018 black satin byzantine cross encrusted heels EU38
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
VERSACE 2018 black satin byzantine cross encrusted heels EU38 Reference: TGAS/E00232 Brand: Versace
$368Sale Price|20% Off
VERSACE 2018 Tribute Byzantine Cross Jewel crystal black satin sandals EU38
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
VERSACE 2018 Tribute Byzantine Cross Jewel crystal black satin sandals EU38 Reference: TGAS/A04792
$4,560
W 1.13 in D 0.13 in L 2.38 in
Vintage Versace Fine Jewelery Black Onyx Greek Key Cross 18 Karat
By Versace
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
18 karat yellow gold cross suspended from a box link chain with a Versace name plate near the
Onyx, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
F/W 2012 Versace Gothic Cross Printed Velvet Runway Jacket Coat
By Versace
Located in Concord, NC
Versace black velvet coat featuring an allover multicolor gothic baroque cross pattern throughout
F/2012 Look # 8 Versace Macrame Gothic Cross Cocktail Dress 38 - 2
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Fall/Winter 2012 look # 8 Macrame Gothic Cross Cocktail Dress. This long sleeve, scoop
ATELIER VERSACE Black Clear Criss Cross Medusa Peacock Feather Heels Size 40
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Thiensville, WI
Atelier Versace black clear criss cross strap peacock feather heels. Extremely rare. Clear criss
$4,560
W 1.13 in L 2.38 in
Vintage Versace Fine Jewelry White Agate Greek Key Cross 18 Karat White Gold
By Versace
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
18 karat white gold cross suspended from a box link chain with a Versace name plate near the
Agate, 18k Gold, White Gold
80s Gianni Versace by Ugo Correani Triple cross pendant necklace
By Ugo Correani
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
80s Beautiful Ugo Correani cross pendant chain necklace designed for late Gianni Versace. cut glass
Gilt Metal
$1,347Sale Price|43% Off
Size: IT38
F/W 1993 Gianni Versace Couture Baroque Technicolor Crucifix Print Button Down
By Gianni Versace, Gianni Versace Couture
Located in West Hollywood, CA
Presenting a stunning silk Gianni Versace Couture cross button-up shirt designed by Gianni Versace
F/W 2000 Gianni Versace by Donatella Black Stretch Knit Crystal Halter Dress
By Donatella Versace for Gianni Versace, Gianni Versace Couture
Located in West Hollywood, CA
2000 Gianni Versace. The cross-over halter neck is accented with a row of six iridescent rhinestone
F/W 1992 Gianni Versace Bondage Buckle Bustier Bra Top Miss S&M
By Gianni Versace, Gianni Versace Couture
Located in Concord, NC
Gianni Versace Couture black bustier bra top from the Fall/Winter 1992 “Miss S&M” collection. As
Versace Grey & Silver Glitter "Cross Chainer" Sneakers Size 40
By Versace
Located in Paradise Island, BS
These Versace Cross Chainer silver sneakers feature puff-croc neoprene accents on the tongue and
Versace Grey & Silver Glitter "Cross Chainer" Sneakers Size 40
By Versace
Located in Paradise Island, BS
These Versace Cross Chainer silver sneakers feature puff-croc neoprene accents on the tongue and
VERSACE Oversized Graphic Cross Ring with Crystals
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE This oversized, graphic cross features tiered panels encrusted with clear crystals of
Versace Crystal-embellished Cross velvet and leather knee boots 40 - 10
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Crystal-embellished velvet and leather knee boots Crystal and bead-embellished leather
Versace Runway Red Calfskin Belt with Cross Buckle, F / W 2011
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
Versace F/W 2011 Look #15 Actual Runway Belt worn by Emily Baker during the show Burgundy Red
Versace Criss Cross Full Skirt Black Dress IT43 US 4-6
By Versace
Located in Brossard, QC
Sheer mesh stripes and insets lend a daring element to this sexy Versace cocktail dress. Sleek
Versace Runway Silk Metallic PVC Trim Crystal Gothic Cross Bustier, Fall 2012
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Cincinnati, OH
Versace, Autumn-Winter 2012, yellow silk structured bustier, embroidered gothic cross appliquéd
Fall/2012 Look #15 VERSACE BLACK CROSS PRINTED VELVET Bag w/ BOTTOM HANDLE
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Actual runway sample Fall 2012 Look # 14, 15 Versace Black Velvet handbag embellished
F/2012 look # 8 NEW VERSACE MACRAME GOTHIC CROSS COCKTAIL DRESS 38 - 2
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Macrame Gothic Cross Cocktail Dress This long sleeve, scoop neck cocktail dress
F/2012 look # 6 NEW VERSACE MACRAME GOTHIC CROSS COCKTAIL SILK DRESS 38 - 2
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Actual Runway Samole Fall/Winter 2012 Look # 6 Macrame Gothic Cross Cocktail Dress
F/W 2011 Look #34 VERSACE RUNWAY NAVY BLUE PYTHON BELT with CROSS BUCKLE
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Actual runway sample Fall/Winter 2011 Look #34 Actual Runway Belt worn by Sigrid Agren
F/W 2011 Look #15 VERSACE RUNWAY RED CALFSKIN BELT with CROSS BUCKLE 75/30
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Collection F/W 2011 Look #15 Actual Runway Belt worn by Emily Baker during the show
F/W 2011 Look #6 VERSACE WHITE WOOL BELT with GOLD TONE CROSS BUCKLE 70/28
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Actual runway sample Fall/Winter 2011 Look #6 White Wool Belt with Gold-Tone Cross buckle
F/W 2011 Look #14 VERSACE RUNWAY BLACK SUEDE BELT with GOLD CROSS BUCKLE 65/26
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Actual runway sample Fall/Winter 2011 Look #14 Black Suede Belt with gold Cross buckle
F/W 2011 Look #37 VERSACE WHITE PYTHON BELT with GOLD TONE CROSS BUCKLE 65/26
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Actual runway sample Fall/Winter 2011 Look #37 White python Leather Belt with Cross buckle
VERSACE BLACK PAILLETE DETAIL and OPEN BACK SILK LONG GOWN Dress 38 -2
By Versace
Located in Montgomery, TX
VERSACE Black Silk Long Dress crossed straps on the back Palleted Details Content: 100% silk
VERSACE Cross Chainer white mesh suede greca tab gum chain sole sneaker EU39
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
VERSACE Cross Chainer white mesh suede greca tab gum chain sole sneaker EU39 Reference: PYCN/A00079
VERSACE Cross Chainer fluorescent neon pink mesh low top sneaker EU41 US8
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
VERSACE Cross Chainer fluorescent neon pink mesh low top sneaker EU41 US8 Reference: TGAS/A06271
new VERSACE Cross Chainer fluorescent neon pink mesh low top sneaker EU41 US8
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Cross Chainer fluorescent neon pink mesh low top sneaker EU41 US8 Reference: TGAS
new VERSACE Cross Chainer fluorescent neon pink mesh low top sneaker EU45 US12
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Cross Chainer fluorescent neon pink mesh low top sneaker EU45 US12 Reference: TGAS
new VERSACE Cross Chainer Runway white red blue mesh low sneaker EU44.5 US11.5
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Cross Chainer Runway white red blue mesh low sneaker EU44.5 US11.5 Reference: TGAS
Versace Double Criss Cross Jumpsuit
By Versace
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Vintage Gianni Versace Couture black jumpsuit featuring two ornate buttons at the front, double
Versace Baroque & Criss-Cross Embellished Tank Top
By Versace
Located in London, GB
Versace Baroque & Criss-Cross Embellished Tank Top White cotton top adorned with a multicoloured
Versace Catholic Crystal Cross Dress
By Gianni Versace
Located in New York, NY
juxtaposition with the 18th century crosses the dress is printed with. Leather detail in the peplum.
1990s Gianni Versace Baroque Crystal Cross Silk Shirt
By Versace
Located in New York, NY
1990s Gianni Versace Baroque Crystal Cross Silk Shirt
Gianni Versace 1990s Cross Print Jeans
By Gianni Versace
Located in Scottsdale, AZ
Can you say, "statement pant?" These gorgeous Gianni Versace Couture cross print jeans from the 90s
Vintage Gianni Versace 1990's Silk & Crystal Cross Bracelet
By Versace
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Vintage Gianni Versace black silk cord bracelet with large rhinestone embellished silver-tone cross
Versace 18 Karat Yellow Gold Black Jet Cross Necklace
By Versace
Located in Southampton, PA
This Versace necklace is presented with a black cord onto which a cross pendant is attached, made
Yellow Gold
Gianni Versace Black Leather Jacket with Jewel Crosses
By Gianni Versace
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Gianni Versace Iconic leather cropped motorcycle jacket with embellished jeweled cross emblems and
Gianni Versace Atelier Vintage Scarf Silk Rich Cross Motif New
By Versace, Gianni Versace
Located in Miami, FL
Guaranteed authentic GIANNI VERSACE ATELIER Vintage scarf with stunning colors and hand rolled edge
new VERSACE 2019 Cross Chainer Black high top sneaker EU46 DSU7430DTP2GD41
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE 2019 Cross Chainer Black high top sneaker EU46 DSU7430DTP2GD41 Brand: Versace Model
Signed VERSACE 2.10 Carat Diamond Cross Gold Pendant Estate Fine Jewelry
By Versace
Located in Montreal, QC
Beautiful finely detailed Large Versace Diamond Gold Cross Pendant. Hand set with 113 round
Diamond, Gold, 18k Gold, White Gold
VERSACE Size 8 Black Long Sleeve Silver Chainmail Cross Cocktail Dress
By Versace
Located in San Francisco, CA
VERSACE cocktail dress comes in black woven wool blend fabric with a square boat neck, long sleeves
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Byzantine Cross jewel embellished black satin mule EU38
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Byzantine Cross jewel embellished black satin mule EU38 Reference: TGAS
1990s Men's Gianni Versace Baroque Silk Shirt With Crosses
By Gianni Versace
Located in New York, NY
1990s Men's Gianni Versace Baroque Silk Shirt With Crosses
new VERSACE 2018 Tribute Byzantine Cross Jewel crystal black satin sandals EU38
By Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE 2018 Tribute Byzantine Cross Jewel crystal black satin sandals EU38 Reference: TGAS
Versace F/W 2012 Runway Unworn Gothic Cross Embroidered Leather Velvet Dress
By Versace
Located in Naples, FL
Versace F/W 2012 Runway Unworn Gothic Cross Embroidered Leather Velvet Black Dress IT 38 Look 2
Versace F/W 2012 Runway Unworn Gothic Cross Embroidered Leather Velvet Dress
By Versace
Located in Naples, FL
Versace F/W 2012 Runway Unworn Gothic Cross Embroidered Leather Velvet Black Dress IT 44 Look 2
new VERSACE SS18 Runway Byzantine Cross strass jewel embellished knee boot EU38
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE SS18 Runway Byzantine Cross strass jewel embellished knee boot EU38 Brand: Versace
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Runway Byzantine cross jewel embellished bustier top XS
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Runway Byzantine cross jewel embellished bustier top XS Brand: Versace
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Byzantine Cross jewel embellished black satin mule EU38
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Byzantine Cross jewel embellished black satin mule EU38 Brand: Versace
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Byzantine Cross jewel embellished black satin mule EU37
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Byzantine Cross jewel embellished black satin mule EU37 Brand: Versace
Sold
H 5.52 in W 9.06 in
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag Brand: Versace
Sold
H 5.52 in W 9.06 in D 1.58 in
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag Brand: Versace
Sold
H 5.52 in W 9.06 in D 1.58 in
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag Brand: Versace
Sold
H 5.52 in W 9.06 in
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag Brand: Versace
Sold
H 5.52 in W 9.06 in
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Runway black leather Byzantium Cross embellished wallet on chain bag Brand: Versace
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Runway Byzantine cross jewel encrusted mini dress IT40
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Runway Byzantine cross jewel encrusted mini dress Brand: Versace Designer
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Runway Byzantine cross jewel encrusted mini dress IT40
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE SS18 Tribute Runway Byzantine cross jewel encrusted mini dress Brand: Versace Designer
VERSACE 2012 royal blue Byzantine Cross print yellow leather waist shift dress
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
VERSACE 2012 royal blue Byzantine Cross print yellow leather waist shift dress Reference: TGAS
VERSACE 2012 royal blue Byzantine Cross print yellow leather waist shift dress
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
VERSACE 2012 royal blue Byzantine Cross print yellow leather waist shift dress Reference: TGAS
Sold
H 8.67 in W 12.21 in
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa black saffiano leather large speedy boston cross bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa black saffiano leather large speedy boston cross bag Brand: Versace
Sold
H 8.67 in W 12.21 in
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa pink saffiano leather large speedy boston cross bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa pink saffiano leather large speedy boston cross bag Brand: Versace
Sold
H 7.09 in W 9.85 in D 5.52 in
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa black saffiano leather small speedy boston cross bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa black saffiano leather small speedy boston cross bag Brand: Versace
Sold
H 7.09 in W 9.85 in D 5.52 in
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa black saffiano leather small speedy boston cross bag
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Palazzo Medusa black saffiano leather small speedy boston cross bag Brand: Versace
Gianni Versace Shirt - Vintage - Multicolor Silk Mardi Gras Crucifix Cross
By Gianni Versace
Located in San Francisco, CA
print and oversize crosses, "ATELIER VERSACE" in black and red. Wide sleeves and loose fitting body
new VERSACE Tribute SS18 byzantine red jewel crystal cross black satin mule EU38
By Versace, Donatella Versace
Located in Hong Kong, NT
new VERSACE Tribute SS18 byzantine red jewel crystal cross black satin mule EU38 Brand: Versace
1970s Louis Feraud Couture Tan Lace Floral Embroidered Dress
By Louis Feraud
Located in San Francisco, CA
Louis Feraud 1970s haute couture light brown lace dress in a 1920s style drop waist silhouette. Amazing embroidered lace and hand finished seam allowances. Small buttons conceal a ba...
New Gucci Flora Bamboo Runway Pumps Heels Sz 6.5
By Gucci
Located in Conroe, TX
Brand New Gucci Flora Heels Size: 6.5 Beautiful Iconic Canvas Flora Pattern Bamboo & Gold Hardware Leather Insole Wood Heel Heel Height 3" With Box
Jacques Fath Ivory Silk Organza Top-6
By Jacques Fath
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Jacques Fath Ivory Silk Organza Top-6. This stunning Jacques Fath top is in excellent condition, it shows minimal sign of use. It is made of ivory silk organza throughout and has lac...
Thierry Mugler Black Suit Jacket
By Thierry Mugler
Located in Oakland, CA
Vintage Thierry Mugler black shaped jacket. 80's does 40's style. Double breasted with hidden snap closures. Deep neckline. Slit pockets. Lined. No size tag. Bust: 38” Waist: 30" Le...
Yves Saint Laurent Coco Brown Form-Fitting Lined Jersey Dress
By Yves Saint Laurent
Located in New York, NY
Yves Saint Laurent coco brown form-fitting lined jersey scoop-neck dress features a handkerchief hemline on both the dress's hem and also on the bell-sleeve's cuff. Detaile...
$595
Size: best fits M/L, see measurements
Christian Lacroix 1990s Black Gold Accent Pocket Front Maxi Wrap Dress Gown
By Christian Lacroix
Located in San Francisco, CA
Christian Lacroix vintage black full length wrap dress with gold embellishment at one strap. Fastens closed at other strap and wraps with belt and snap at waist. Patch pockets at fr...
1960'S Pyschedelic Floral Cotton Long Sleeve Mod Dress With Pockets
Located in New York, NY
1960'S Pyschedelic Floral Cotton Long Sleeve Mod Dress With Pockets
1990s Loris Azzaro Brown Sequin Strapless Cocktail Dress
By Loris Azzaro
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
1990s Loris Azzaro brown sequin metallic strapless cocktail party dress. fit size 4
Alexander McQueen Asymmetric Dress with Chain Cutout SS 2006
By Alexander McQueen
Located in Water Mill, NY
A fabulous black silk jersey dress by Alexander McQueen. It is fitted with a scoop neckline, one short sleeve and a circular nude mesh cut out at one side covered with rows of drapi...
1990s Geoffrey Beene Grey Silk Gown
By Geoffrey Beene
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Elegant Vintage Geoffrey Beene charcoal grey maxi silk gown. Matching coat sold separately. see listing from our store. Bust : 36. /hip: 36 Fit US Size : 4-6
John Galliano Lace Cardigan and 2 Camisoles Set
By John Galliano
Located in Water Mill, NY
A fabulous cardigan and camisole set in black knit lace plus an additional matching red camisole all from John Galliano. The set consists of 2 flower pattern lace knit camisoles one ...
1990s Valentino Black Chiffon and Velvet Dress Shirt Dress
By Valentino
Located in Toronto, Ontario
Amazing 1990s Valentino little black shirt dress from Holt Renfrew Canada. Top is black chiffon with a pussy bow tie, sheer bishop sleeves and delicate ruching at shoulders. Jet blac...
Giorgio Armani Beige Jersey Halter Neck Strap Back Evening Dress
By Giorgio Armani
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Giorgio Armani Black Jersey Halter Neck Strap Back Evening Dress. From the late 1990s this amazing dress will keep all eyes on you! Graceful & sexy, simple & elegant it doesn...
Thierry Mugler Couture Flame Beaded Dress
By Thierry Mugler Couture
Located in Norwich, GB
Vintage Thierry Mugler couture dress, in wine red/deep purple liquid silk, with a black chiffon hem detailed with a glass beaded flame tip design. Circa 2000. This is the exact dress...
Versace S/S 2006 Bustier High Slit Silk Black Evening Dress Gown
By Versace
Located in Naples, FL
Versace S/S 2006 Bustier High Slit Black Evening Dress Gown IT 42
Thierry Mugler Red Jacket
By Thierry Mugler
Located in Capri, IT
Thierry Mugler Red Jacket silver tone zip and closure asymmetric style total lenght 74 cm shoulder to hem 37 cm
Subversive, maximalist and unabashedly seductive, Gianni Versace’s (1946–97) designs infused high fashion with an entirely new ethos. “I don’t believe in good taste,” the legendary Italian couturier once explained. Instead, he had a sexy good time with fashion — as he did with life. Today, vintage Versace clothing, handbags and other accessories look astonishingly fresh and freshly relevant.
More than any designer before him, Versace mined celebrity, music and Pop art for inspiration. In fact, the New York Times noted in 1997 that the fashion industry “is now driven by contemporary culture because Mr. Versace made it that way.”
Insiders consider his 1991/1992 Autumn/Winter runway show — which featured supermodels Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell and Linda Evangelista lip-synching George Michael’s “Freedom! '90” — the moment when the two worlds of fashion and pop culture became one, changing both forever.
Versace was born in Reggio di Calabria, Italy. His mother was a successful dressmaker who employed more than 40 seamstresses. As a child, little Gianni marveled at her workshop, which would become a university of sorts, where he learned the exceptional construction techniques that were at the foundation of his creative expression.
In 1972, at age 25, Versace moved to Milan to work in fashion. He launched his first collection — and his label — in 1978, with his older brother Santo managing the business concerns. Soon, sister Donatella, whom Gianni dressed and took to discos when she was still a child, joined the family venture, where she had a creative role and managed enormously popular ready-to-wear lines such as Versus.
Vintage Versace — and Gianni Versace Couture, which debuted in 1989 — has become catnip for modern fashion enthusiasts who seek out the now-iconic house codes that originated in the designs of the 1980s and 1990s. His glamorous and seductive apparel — the clingy skirts and slender, strappy party dresses, as well as the erotic magazine ads that publicized them — looms large, but Versace’s art and historical influences were also vast.
Versace was an art collector, and he took on commissions to create costumes for theatrical performances during the 1980s and spoke of looking to numerous cultures for inspiration. This adventurous spirit of design resulted in his creating jewel-toned prints rooted in Grecian motifs, Etruscan symbols, the Italian Baroque and Andy Warholʼs Marilyn Monroe. There were slinky dresses in Oroton, his patented chain-mail textile that draped like satin, and leather bondage ensembles. Sex sold, for both women and men. Wrote the late curator Richard Martin, “[Versace] became the standard-bearer of gay men’s fashion because he eschewed decorum and designed for desire.”
Following Versace’s tragic murder in 1997, Donatella took over the role of artistic director and continued to evolve the house codes with a twist of her feminine and feminist perspective. Today, Santo Versace is chief executive officer of Versace and Donatella is its chief creative officer.
Browse an extraordinary collection of vintage Versace evening dresses, handbags, day dresses, accessories and more on 1stDibs.
The artists put fresh spins on pieces from the ’90s and early aughts.
Composed of a mishmash of patterns and textures, the dress's disparate elements somehow come together to make a harmonious whole.
Iconic Italian fashion houses Fendi and Versace teamed up on this delightfully outrageous Fendace reimagining.
Ready to party? So is this dress.
From Chanel to YSL, the logos of some legacy fashion houses spark instant brand recognition and have come to symbolize a kind of luxury that feels at once aspirational and attainable.