Directoire Seating
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Fabric, Textile, Upholstery, Wood, Paint
20th Century Directoire Seating
Fabric, Oak
1930s American Vintage Directoire Seating
Bronze, Wrought Iron
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Wood
1940s Vintage Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Velvet, Wood, Giltwood
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Velvet, Maple, Paint
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Seating
Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Seating
Cherry
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Fabric, Wood
Mid-20th Century American Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Seating
Textile, Wood
1920s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Brass
1920s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Wood, Velvet
Early 20th Century French Directoire Seating
Linen, Wood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Down, Hardwood, Leather
19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Seating
Walnut
20th Century French Directoire Seating
Cane, Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Wood
18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Seating
Mohair, Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Cherry
20th Century Italian Directoire Seating
Wrought Iron
19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Mahogany
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Seating
Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Ash
20th Century Directoire Seating
Fabric, Wood
1980s American Vintage Directoire Seating
Fabric, Silk, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Brass, Ormolu
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Seating
Giltwood
Late 20th Century American Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Cane, Walnut
Late 19th Century European Antique Directoire Seating
Cane, Wood
1960s American Vintage Directoire Seating
Chrome
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Elm, Pearwood
1970s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Walnut
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Velvet, Walnut, Paint
1790s French Antique Directoire Seating
Brass
1960s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Mahogany
Late 20th Century Unknown Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Walnut
1950s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Seating
Brass, Iron
Early 18th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Fabric, Beech
19th Century French Antique Directoire Seating
Upholstery, Wood
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Seating
Walnut
20th Century French Directoire Seating
Fabric, Wood
1790s French Antique Directoire Seating
Fabric, Wood
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Seating
Fabric, Wood
1940s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Walnut
1950s Vintage Directoire Seating
Brass, Iron
1950s French Vintage Directoire Seating
Brass, Wrought Iron
19th Century Northern Irish Antique Directoire Seating
Pine