Directoire Chaise Longues
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
1790s Italian Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Giltwood
1790s French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Linen, Upholstery, Walnut
1930s French Vintage Directoire Chaise Longues
Velvet, Beech
1970s French Vintage Directoire Chaise Longues
Metal
1880s French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Fabric, Beech
20th Century Italian Directoire Chaise Longues
Concrete, Stainless Steel
19th Century French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Velvet, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Upholstery, Fruitwood
Mid-20th Century Directoire Chaise Longues
Velvet, Wood
21st Century and Contemporary Italian Directoire Chaise Longues
Leather, Straw, Ash
19th Century Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Mahogany
1920s French Vintage Directoire Chaise Longues
Bamboo, Rattan
1970s Italian Vintage Directoire Chaise Longues
Chrome, Metal
1970s American Vintage Directoire Chaise Longues
Wood
1990s Italian Directoire Chaise Longues
Cane, Wood, Down
1920s French Vintage Directoire Chaise Longues
Walnut
20th Century French Directoire Chaise Longues
Upholstery, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Walnut, Upholstery
1890s French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Mohair, Mahogany
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Linen, Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Wood
1830s French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Early 20th Century French Directoire Chaise Longues
Fabric, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Early 20th Century French Directoire Chaise Longues
19th Century French Antique Directoire Chaise Longues
Upholstery, Wood