Hermès Constance Elan 25 Amethyst Shiny Niloticus Crocodile with Palladium Hardw
By Hermès
Located in North Miami Beach, FL
Brand: Hermès Model: Constance Elan Size: 25 cm (L 25 × H 13 × W 6 cm) Material: Shiny Niloticus
Hermès Constance Elan 25 Amethyst Shiny Niloticus Crocodile with Palladium Hardw
By Hermès
Located in North Miami Beach, FL
Brand: Hermès Model: Constance Elan Size: 25 cm (L 25 × H 13 × W 6 cm) Material: Shiny Niloticus
HERMES Epsom Constance Elan 25 White
By Hermès
Located in Salt Lake Cty, UT
Authentic Hermes Epsom Constance Elan 25 Leather Shoulder Bag. Features epsom calfskin leather in
Hermès Constance Elan Epsom Tosca PHW
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
- Purple - Constance 25 - Epsom leather - Palladium hardware - Signature H push-lock fastening
Hermès purple Elan Constance
By Hermès
Located in Paris, FR
Stunning Hermès Constance Elan bag in purple crocus Epsom leather. Comes in its original HERMES
Hermes Black 25cm Porosus Crocodile Constance Elan Bag
By Hermès
Located in New York, NY
Hermes Black Constance Elan 25cm in porosus crocodile with gold hardware. This classic Hermes
Hermès 2014 Constance Elan Epsom Leather Shoulder Bag
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
Made in France, this beautiful 2014 Hermès ‘Constance Elan’ handbag has been made from
Unavailable
Hermes Constance Elan Gold GHW
By Hermès
Located in Double Bay, AU
Condition: Like new - plastic on hardware, no signs of wear on bag Colour: Gold Leather: Epsom Leather Hardware Colour: Gold Stamp/ Year: B Stamp (2023) Year of Production: 2...
Hermes Black Constance Elan in silk
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
The Constance is undergoing a revival at the moment, the trend for small bags means that it is
Hermes Constance Elan Crossbody Bag
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
Hermes Constance Elan Crossbody Bag Crossbody bag crafted in smooth etoupe Swift leather with gold
HERMES Constance Elan Black Swift Gold
By Hermès
Located in Miami, FL
Coveted Constance ELAN in timeless black swift leather. With gold hardware could not be more
Sold
H 5.52 in W 10.24 in D 3.15 in
Hermès Vert Emeraude Shiny Mississippiensis Alligator Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
Hermès Vert Emeraude Shiny Mississippiensis Alligator Leather Constance Elan Brand- Hermès Model
Dark Brown Exotic PHW Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
This 25cm Constance Elan shoulder bag from Hermès was meticulously crafted in France from highly
Hermes Constance Elan Bag Geranium Crocodile Gold Hardware
By Hermès
Located in Miami, FL
Coveted Hermes Constance Elan crocodile in vivid Geranium with gold hardware could not be more
Hermès Constance Elan Bleu Electrique PHW
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
This 25cm Constance Elan shoulder bag from Hermès was meticulously crafted in France from a highly
2010 Hermes Rubis Tadelakt Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
HERMÈS Rubis Tadelakt Leather Constance Elan Reference: HB2509 Serial Number: [N] Age (Circa
2010 Hermès Rubis Tadelakt Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
HERMÈS Rubis Tadelakt Leather Constance Elan Reference: HB2509 Serial Number: [N] Age (Circa
HERMES Constance Elan Bag Coveted Rose Tyrien Epsom Palladium
By Hermès
Located in Miami, FL
Coveted Constance ELAN Rose Tyrien in Epsom leather. Fresh with palladium hardware could not be
Hermès Vert Fonce Crocodile Constance Elan 25cm Bag
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
This 25cm Constance Elan shoulder bag from Hermès was meticulously crafted in France from a highly
HERMES Constance Elan Bag in Malachite Green Epsom Leather
By Hermès
Located in Paris, FR
HERMES Constance Elan bag in Malachite green Epsom leather. It is a size 23 with a palladium-plated
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H 5.91 in W 9.85 in D 1.97 in
2015 Hermes Paprika Veau Doblis & Soufre Swift Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
HERMÈS Paprika Veau Doblis & Soufre Swift Leather Constance Elan Reference: CB139 Serial Number: T
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN bag royal Iris rare Palladium hardware New
By Hermès
Located in Miami, FL
Coveted Constance Elan in royal IRIS. Swift leather with palladium hardware could not be more
2014 Hermès Flamingo Epsom Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
HERMÈS Flamingo Epsom Leather Constance Elan Xupes Reference: HB3228 Serial Number: [R] Age (Circa
2010 Hermès Rubis Tadelakt Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
HERMÈS Rubis Tadelakt Leather Constance Elan Xupes Reference: HB2509 Serial Number: [N] Age (Circa
Hermès Tyrien Pink Epsom Leather Constance Elan Bag
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
Sleek, subtle and sophisticated, this unique 24cm Constance Elan bag from Hermès is crafted from
Hermès Lime Green Epsom Leather Constance Elan Bag
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
Sleek, subtle and sophisticated, this unique 24cm Constance Elan bag from Hermès is crafted from
Hermès Bleu Abysse Niloticus Crocodile Constance Elan 25cm Bag
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
This 25cm Constance Elan shoulder bag from Hermès was meticulously crafted in France from a highly
Mini Constance HERMES crinoline and swift Rouge Casaque
By Hermès
Located in Paris, FR
Mini Constance Elan HERMES in red leather and horsehair. The hardware is in palladium-plated
Hermès Bubblegum Epsom Constance Elan PHW
By Hermès
Located in New York, NY
Listing Title: Hermes Bubblegum Epsom Constance Elan SKU: Z146274 Condition: Pre-owned Condition
Sold
H 5.91 in W 9.85 in D 1.97 in
2015 Hermès Paprika Veau Doblis & Soufre Swift Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
HERMÈS Paprika Veau Doblis & Soufre Swift Leather Constance Elan Xupes Reference: HB3046 Serial
Hermes Sac Constance Elan Crocodile Niloticus Lisse
By Hermès
Located in Melbourne, Victoria
Hermès 25cm Brown Crocodile Constance Elan Bag A Collectable-vintage 25cm shiny Niloticus
Hermes Constance Elan Bag Swift 25
By Hermès
Located in NY, NY
This Hermes Constance Elan Bag Swift 25, crafted from Orange H Swift leather, features a long
Hermes Constance Elan Bag Swift 25
By Hermès
Located in NY, NY
This Hermes Constance Elan Bag Swift 25, crafted from Orange H Swift leather, features a long
DELICIOUS HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN GRANNY * PALLADIUM * SWIFT
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
DELICIOUS HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN GRANNY * PALLADIUM * SWIFT AS ALWAYS, ANOTHER ONE OF MY FAB
Hermès 25cm Blue Electric Crocodile Constance Elan Bag
By Hermès
Located in Melbourne, Victoria
Hermès 25cm Blue Electric Crocodile Constance Elan Bag A Collectable-vintage 25cm shiny Nilo
Hermes Constance Elan Handbag Epsom 25
By Hermès
Located in NY, NY
This authentic Hermes Constance Elan Handbag Epsom 25 is a timeless classic piece from Hermes
SUPER RARE KIWI CONSTANCE ELAN. EPSOM LEATHER PALLADIUM HARDWARE
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
SUPER RARE KIWI CONSTANCE ELAN. EPSOM LEATHER PALLADIUM HARDWARE GORGEOUS SUPER RARE KIWI
Hermes Constance Elan Bag Swift 25
By Hermès
Located in NY, NY
", Strap Drop 22" Designer: Hermes Model: Constance Elan Bag Swift 25 Exterior Material: Leather Exterior
Hermes Constance Elan Bag Swift 25
By Hermès
Located in NY, NY
Measurements: Handle Drop 12", Height 6", Width 10", Depth 2", Strap Drop 22" Designer: Hermes Model: Constance
Hermes Black Epsom Constance Elan Palladium Hardware
By Hermès
Located in New York, NY
Hermes Black epsom leather Constance Elan with tonal stitching, palladium hardware, metal "H" snap
Hermes Thalassa Evercolor Leather Constance Elan Bag
By Hermès
Located in Dubai, Al Qouz 2
The Hermes Constance Elan is crafted using Swift leather and features the iconic H clasp on the
Hermes Black Epsom Leather Constance Elan Bag
By Hermès
Located in Dubai, Al Qouz 2
This Hermes black Constance Elan is crafted using Epsom leather and features the iconic H clasp on
Hermes Black Epsom Constance Elan 25cm
By Hermès
Located in New York, NY
Hermes Black epsom leather Constance Elan 25cm with gold hardware. This classic Hermes style
Hermes Constance Elan White Suede Galet and Palladium Hardware
By Hermès
Located in Sheridan, WY
Discontinued Hermes Constance Elan in white swift leather with galet suede insets and palladium
HERMES FEU ORANGE CONSTANCE ELAN WITH PALLADIUM HARDWARE
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
HERMES STUNNING FEU ORANGE CONSTANCE ELAN WITH PALLADIUM HARDWARE IN EPSOM LEATHER 25CM. ANOTHER
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN GERANIUM W PALLADIUM EPSOM THE "IT" BAG
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN GERANIUM W PALLADIUM EPSOM THE "IT" BAG As always, another one of my fab
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN KIWI W PALLADIUM EPSOM
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN KIWI W PALLADIUM EPSOM As always, another one of my fab finds
Hermes Constance Elan Crocodile Blue Electric Pall Hardware Wow!
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN CROCODILE BLUE ELECTRIC PALL HARDWARE WOW! As always, another one of my
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN BLACK W PALLADIUM EPSOM THE "IT" BAG
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN BLACK W PALLADIUM EPSOM THE "IT" BAG — As always, another one of my
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN TOSCA W PALLADIUM EPSOM
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN TOSCA W PALLADIUM EPSOM As always, another one of my fab
Hermes Constance Elan Ultraviolet Glazed Niloticus Crocodile Bag
By Hermès
Located in Toronto, ON
Hermes Constance Elan Ultraviolet Glazed Niloticus Crocodile Bag. Palladium hardware, date stamp Q
Hermes Ultra Violet Togo Leather Constance Elan
By Hermès
Located in London, GB
Hermes Ultra Violet Togo Leather Constance Elan - Age [P] 2012 - Palladium Hardware - Two pockets
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN BLACK with PALLADIUM HARDWARE AMAZING
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
As always, another one of my fab finds! Hermes BLACK constance elan 25cm, made longer then the
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN ORANGE with GOLD HARDWARE AMAZING
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
As always, another one of my fab finds! Hermes ORANGE constance elan 25cm, made longer than the
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN MALACHITE GOLD HARDWARE Janefinds
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
As always, another one of my fab finds! Hermes constance elan 25cm. THE INCREDIBLE MALACHITE. Comfy
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN CROCODILE BOUGENVILLE GOLD HW
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN CROCODILE BOUGENVILLE GOLD HARDWARE As always, another one of
Stunning Bag Hermes Constance Elan Crocodile Amethyst Palladium
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
… Hermes Constance Elan 25cm made longer than the original 23cm. Comfy longer strap that is perfect cross
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN BLUE PAON W PALLADIUM EPSOM
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
THE "IT" BAG HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN BLUE PAON W PALLADIUM EPSOM As always, another one of my fab
THE "IT" BAG HERMES Constance Elan ETAIN PALLADIUM EPSOM
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
As always, another one of my fab finds! Hermes new Constance Elan 25cm. Etain COLOR! Comfy longer
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN ANEMONE with PALLADIUM HARDWARE AMAZING COLOR!
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
As always, another one of my fab finds! Hermes ANEMONE constance elan 25cm made longer then the
THIS BAG IS ON FIRE!! HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN CROCODILE GERANIUM P
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
THIS BAG IS ON FIRE!! HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN CROCODILE GERANIUM PHW As always, another one of my
HERMES CONSTANCE ELAN Blue Izmir PALLADIUM EPSOM JaneFinds
By Hermès
Located in NYC Tri-State/Miami, NY
As always, another one of my fab finds! Hermes new Constance Elan 25cm. BLUE IZMIR COLOR! Comfy
Giorgio Armani Vintage Dress Hand Beaded Fleurette on Tulle Formal Gown 40
By Giorgio Armani
Located in Miami, FL
Mightychic offers a rare and vintage Giorgio Armani gown so divinely exquisite that it can take you from the Red Carpet to the White House. Breathtaking and the epitome of the Giorgi...
John Galliano for Christian Dior S/S 2009 Silk Halter Dress
By Christian Dior, John Galliano
Located in Water Mill, NY
A gorgeous rich purple silk halter dress by John Galliano for Christian Dior. It is fitted through the bodice with a stunning intricately detailed ruffle trimmed plunge halter neckli...
Louis Vuitton Mink Brown Beret
By Louis Vuitton
Located in Torre Del Greco, IT
Wonderful Louis Vuitton beret in mink with a branded logo. Very good condition.Size S.
Paco Rabanne Gold Chain Cocktail Dress
By Paco Rabanne
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Never worn Paco Rabanne Gold chain link sleeveless cocktail dress. New with tag. In excellent condition. Fit size 4-6
Hermès Blue Frida Epsom Sellier Kelly 25 GHW
By Hermès
Located in New York, NY
Listing Title: Hermès Blue Frida Epsom Sellier Kelly 25 GHW SKU: Z151201 Condition: Pre-owned Condition Description: Officially renamed in 1977, the Hermès Kelly was originally call...
$96,623
H 7.49 in W 9.85 in D 5.12 in
Hermès Birkin 25 Crocodile Porosus Lisse Rose Mexiko Palladium Hardware
By Hermès
Located in Berlin, DE
Hermès Birkin 25 in rose mexiko and shiny crocodile porosus leather with palladium hardware. The bag is unworn and comes as full set including the original receipt and Cites. Stamp Z...
Hermes Kelly 25 Retourne Bag Vert d'Eau Matte Alligator with Palladium Hardware
By Hermès
Located in Miami, FL
Mightychic offers an Hermes Kelly 25 Retourne bag featured in sublime Vert d'Eau Matte Alligator. Timeless and chic, this gorgeous Kelly bag only grows more beautiful as it ages, sho...
$8,750
H 6.7 in W 5.91 in L 16.54 in
Hermes Kelly 42 Sanguine Taurillon Clemence Leather Palladium Hardware
By Hermès
Located in Aventura, FL
The Kelly is a name synonymous with Hermès. It is a symbol of their wondrous dedication to craftsmanship and classic style. First designed by Robert Dumas, the Kelly bag is known and...
Hermes Birkin 25 Rouge Exotic Lizard Bag Palladium Hardware
By Hermès
Located in Miami, FL
Mightychic offers a limited edition Hermes Birkin 25 bag Rouge Exotic in rare coveted Lizard. A gorgeous strawberry red that is neutral and perfect for year round wear. A glorious po...
Faberge Bi-Color Ribbed Gold Cigarette Case
By Fabergé
Located in Capri, IT
1896 - 1908 Circa Yellow and Rose Gold Faberge Cigarette Case. Workmaster August Hollming, ST Petersburg with scratched inventory number 5695. Of rectangular shape.
New $24.000 Gucci Crocodile Dusty Turquoise Top Handle Shoulder Strap Medium Bag
By Gucci
Located in Montgomery, TX
New Gucci Crocodile Bamboo Top Handle Bag with Shoulder Strap F/W 2017 Collection, Size Medium. Dusty Turquoise Crocodile Leather, Top Handle Bag with Removable Crocodile Shoulder St...
Dolce & Gabbana Lace up Silk Dress
By Dolce & Gabbana
Located in Water Mill, NY
A beautiful stretch silk leopard print dress from Dolce & Gabbana. The bodice has adjustable straps, functional and adjustable side lacing through to the hips plus rows of top stitch...
Jean Paul Gaultier Sweater with Belt 1990s
By Jean Paul Gaultier
Located in Water Mill, NY
A fabulous rust orange striped wool sweater from Jean Paul Gaultier. It has long sleeves, a standup collar with functional silver buttons closure along it's side and one shoulder and...
Alexander McQueen New Silk Dress with Ruffle Hem 'NO. 13' S/S 1999
By Alexander McQueen
Located in Water Mill, NY
A fabulous black silk dress from an early collection of Alexander McQueen. It skims the body has a scoop neckline and 3 rows of ruffles beginning at knee level in the front and 8 sta...
$2,080Sale Price|20% Off
W 3.5 in Dm 3.5 in L 37.5 in
Judith Leiber White Crystal Gold Disco Ball Minaudières Evening Bag with Tassel
By Judith Leiber
Located in Miami Beach, FL
RARE Judith Leiber white crystal sphere minaudières shoulder bag in excellent vintage condition. White Swarovski crystal exterior trimmed with gold edges and clear crystals along top...
Dolce & Gabbana Lace up Silk Dress
By Dolce & Gabbana
Located in Water Mill, NY
A beautiful silk dress in a pink and green geometric print from Dolce & Gabbana. The bodice is vertically boned, fitted through to the hips and has an attached matching pink adjusta...
For Hermès, what began as a maker of leather equestrian goods for European noblemen would eventually grow into one of the most storied fashion labels in the world. In 1837, German-born French entrepreneur Thierry Hermès opened a saddle and harness purveyor in Paris. Gradually, the house extended into accessories and luggage for its riders, and today, in paying homage to its origins, the family-run luxury brand resurfaces horse motifs in everything from clothing and modernist jewelry to pillows and handbags.
The first top-handled bag ever produced by Hermès was the Haut à courroies, which made its debut in 1892. A tall bag secured with a folded leather flap (fastened with bridle-inspired straps), it was designed to transport riding boots and a harness.
As the world made the switch from horse to automobile, the bag adapted, becoming a multifunctional travel satchel instead of a designated saddlebag. Today, 120 years later, the HAC remains in Hermès’s line — and its distinctive flap and clasping straps have laid the groundwork for some of the house’s other iconic bags.
In the 1930s, Robert Dumas (son-in-law to Émile-Maurice Hermès, Thierry’s grandson) designed a smaller, trapezoidal take on the flap bag with a handle and two side straps. Later, actress Grace Kelly, then engaged to Prince Rainier of Monaco, is said to have used one of these bags to conceal her pregnancy during the 1950s. Because she was photographed constantly, the coverage catapulted her handbag to international popularity.
In 1977, Hermès officially renamed the model for her, and the Kelly bag was born. Each Kelly bag takes between 18 and 25 hours to produce, and its 680 hand stitches owe solely to one Hermès artisan.
Robert Dumas was also responsible for another one of the brand’s most iconic offerings: the launch of its first silk scarf on the occasion of Hermès’s 100th anniversary in 1937. Based on a woodblock designed by Dumas and printed on Chinese silk, the accessory was an immediate hit.
Today, vintage Hermès scarves, typically adorned in rich colors and elaborate patterns, serve many functions, just as they did back then. Well-heeled women wear it on their heads, around their necks and, in a genius piece of cross-promotion, tied to the straps of their Hermès bags. Kelly even once used one as a sling for her broken arm.
In 1981, Robert Dumas’s son Jean-Louis Dumas, then Hermès chairman, found himself sitting next to French actress and musician Jane Birkin on a plane, where she was complaining about finding a suitable carryall for the necessary accoutrements of motherhood. After the two travelers were properly introduced, Birkin helped design Jean-Louis’s most famous contribution to the Hermès canon: the Birkin bag, a roomy, square catchall with the HAC’s trademark leather flap top and the addition of a lock and key.
Owing to the brand’s legendary commitment to deft, handcrafted construction, the Birkin is an investment that is coveted by collectors everywhere.
While the Kelly and Birkin may be standouts, gracing the arms of everyone from royal heiresses to hip-hop stars in the past few decades, the handbags are but a small part of Hermès’s fashion offerings.
Since the 1920s, the brand has produced some of the most desirable leather goods in the world. There’s the Constance bag, a favorite of Jacqueline Kennedy, the recently relaunched 1970s-era Evelyne and, on the vintage market, a slew of designs dating back to the 1920s.
Good design never goes out of style. Find a variety of vintage Hermès handbags, day dresses, shoes and more on 1stDibs.
An integral part of fashion, handbags and purses have been indispensable accessories ever since we began to carry around personal items. Level of craftsmanship, style and shape matters — from coin purses in ancient Greece to early 20th-century opera bags and onward, handbags have evolved considerably over the years to meet our needs and desires, whether or not you happen to be prioritizing functionality over a flashy exterior.
Once, a single “It” handbag ruled each fashion season. No more. Today, lovers of vintage handbags are savvier and have a wider range of shopping options. Nevertheless, classics created by the likes of Louis Vuitton, Dior and Balenciaga still rule.
“It is not a fashion bag — it is a statement bag,” says Mightychic's Debra Kent of Hermès's widely beloved accessories. “When you carry an iconic Hermès bag — Birkin, Kelly, Constance — no one knows how long you have been into this culture or if you are a newbie. Your status is validated immediately.”
First released in 1997, Fendi's Baguette rose to fame along with Carrie Bradshaw, the Sex and the City character portrayed by Sarah Jessica Parker. Recently, the design has seen such a resurgence in popularity that Fendi has reissued it.
They are part of design history, so owning a handbag has meaning. As New York–based fashion historian Sarah C. Byrd says, “You have made the choice to invest in this piece because you understand the value of it in the past and in the future to come.”
From a 1980s Chanel black leather quilted mini buckle bag to the rare Hermès Birkin 30cm Himalayan with diamond hardware to a range of 19th-century bags, find a rich variety of vintage and designer handbags and purses spanning numerous brands on 1stDibs — seasonal “It” designation no longer needed.
Before the Birkin there was the Haut à Courroies, which has become the chic carryall of choice for the league's most stylish athletes.
Does wicker get more high-end than this?
Find out why this under-the-radar piece is so exceptional.
The iconic Birkin bag is much coveted — and often copied. Find out how to tell the real deal from a convincing fake. Of course, you don't have to worry about this on 1stDibs, where every seller is highly vetted.
More than a fashion statement, this iconic style continually appreciates in value.
A symbol of luxury and elegance, the design has a storied past and a legion of devoted collectors.
When the name of a bag is as well-known as its brand, you know it's a classic.
The color, texture and durability of an Hermès Birkin bag is as important as its iconic shape. Here, we present all you need to know about Birkin leathers and hides.