1870s Art

Common Gull is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1870. ...

Alfred De Breanski Senior Oil on canvas Signed and inscribed on the reverse Canvas Size: 24 x 36" (60 x 90cm) Outside Frame Size: 35 x 47" (87.5 x 117.5cm) Free shipping worldwide ALFRED De BREANSKI Snr Alfred De Breanski was a distinguished landscape painter who became famous for his resplendent views of the Welsh and Scottish Highlands; he also painted many views of the Thames. Often bathed in a flood of golden light, these landscapes usually feature water and cattle or sheep on grassy banks; sometimes a solitary figure is seen the distance. Breanski belonged to the real stamp of those landscape painters who nimbly seized moments of the day. He had a great passion for the Highlands and perhaps more than any other, caught the atmospheric influences of the undulating landscape. Born in Greenwich...

Roller is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917). Woodcut print on ivory-colored paper. Hand-colored, published by London, Bell...

Antique Hudson River School landscape painting by William Louis Sonntag, Sr. (1822 - 1900). Watercolor and gouache on board. Framed. Signed. Measuring: 13 by 17 inches overall, and ...

"Paysage avec batteuse a Montfoucault (Landscape with Thresher at Montfoucault)" is a pastel by French Impressionist Camille Pissarro. The artwork is signed lower right, "C. Pissarro". The framed piece measures 20 1/2 x 25 x 2 3/4 in. Camille Pissarro was born on July 10th 1830 on the Caribbean Island of St. Thomas. He live...

James William Cole English, 19th century Children Playing Dress-Up Oil on canvas Signed and dated lower right A finely observed Victorian genre scene depicting two young children ...

6143 Antique interior painting of an artist studio works on artist board Set in a period walnut frame image size 19.5x13.5"

Snowy Owl a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1870. Name ...

"The Kitchen Garden" by Giovanni Boldini stands out for several reasons. Boldini was known for his dynamic and fluid brushwork, which imbued his paintings with a sense of movement an...

Watercolor and gouache on cream wove paper. Signed and titled in watercolor in the lower right image area. Small circular pea-sized damp stain in the top center image area (visible in the are of the sky), and some additional small spots of unobtrusive foxing in the upper left sheet area. Otherwise in very good condition with fresh colors and intricate brushwork. Henri Schäfer...

Night Heron is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917). Woodcut print on ivory-colored paper. Hand-colored, published by London,...

Mystery Artist, likely French Untitled, c. 1876 Oil on canvas 18 1/2 x 11 1/4 in. Framed: 22 x 14 3/4 x 1 in. Signed and dated lower right

JOHN WILLIAM NORTH, ARA, RWS (1842-1924) Courtship - Bicknoller, Somerset Signed with initials l.r.: JWN Watercolour Framed 17.5 by 13.5 cm., 7 b...

Lithograph hand watercolored. Plate from "Atlante di Botanica popolare ossia Illustrazione di Piante Notevoli di ogni famiglia" (Atlas of popular botany or illustration of notable p...

William Merritt Chase Still Life with Fruit, Glasses, and a Bottle, circa 1872-77 Signed and inscribed lower left: W.M. Chase Munich Oil on canvas 17 3/4 x 14 inches Provenance Coll...

Albin Mattenheimer. German ( b.1823 - d.1875 ). Self Portrait, Munich 1875. Oil On Canvas. Signed & Dated Lower Left. Image size 34.1 inches x 26.6 inches ( 86.5cm x 67.5cm ). Frame size 42.5 inches x 34.8 inches ( 108cm x 88.5cm ). Available for sale; this original oil painting is by the German artist Albin Mattenheimer and is dated 1875. The painting is presented and supplied in its original period frame (which is shown in these photographs). The frame has benefitted from cleaning, restoration and reinforcement, which was performed on our instruction, supervision and approval. The canvas and the painted surface have been professionally restored whilst in previous ownership, probably within the last 20 years. This includes a couple of repairs to perforations in the canvas which are of good material integrity. This antique painting is in good condition. It wants for nothing and is supplied ready to hang and display. The painting is signed and dated 1875 lower left. Albin Mattenheimer (1823–1875) was a German painter associated with the artistic traditions of Bavaria during the nineteenth century. Born in Bamberg in 1823, he belonged to the distinguished Mattenheimer family of artists, several generations of whom worked as painters, restorers, and teachers in southern Germany. The family had established a notable artistic reputation from the eighteenth century onwards, particularly through Andreas Theodor Mattenheimer and his descendants, who were active in Bamberg, Munich, and other Bavarian cultural centres. Mattenheimer studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, one of the most important artistic institutions in Germany during the nineteenth century. He subsequently worked in Munich and is generally regarded as a landscape painter. His surviving recorded works include views of Nuremberg and other Bavarian subjects, reflecting the enduring popularity of topographical and landscape painting in the period. He is often associated with the circle of painters known as the Chiemseemaler, artists inspired by the scenery of the Chiemsee region of Upper Bavaria. Like many German painters of his generation, Mattenheimer worked during a period when Romanticism was gradually giving way to a more naturalistic approach to landscape and genre painting. His works demonstrate an appreciation of atmosphere, place, and the character of the Bavarian countryside. Although comparatively little is known about his career today, Mattenheimer’s paintings occasionally appear on the art market and are represented in specialist reference works on nineteenth-century German art. His relative obscurity has meant that much of his oeuvre remains under-researched, and works by the artist are consequently of particular interest to collectors of German and Central European painting. Albin Mattenheimer died in 1875, leaving behind a small but intriguing body of work that forms part of the rich tradition of nineteenth-century Bavarian painting...

Carl Skånberg (1850-1883) Sweden A Barbizon Garden (1879) oil on wood panel signed C. Skånberg, dated 1879 (lower front) unframed: 19 × 24 cm (7.5 × 9.4 inches) framed: 40 × 45 cm ...

Long-Eared Owl is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1870....

Carrier-Belleuse bronze Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse 19th century French bronze sculpture Barbedienne foundry bronze French decorative sculpture Authentic antique bronze Classic F...

Albert Roosenboom was a Belgian genre painter celebrated for his elegant depictions of everyday life in the mid to late 19th century. A pupil of the renowned Constantin Meunier, Roos...

Cliché-verre. Magnificent proof of ancient edition, numbered in red pencil on verso, and whose subject wasn’t included in the later reprints by Bouasse-Lebel and Le Garrec. Signed on...

In this exquisite painting by Victor Ravet, we are transported to an elegant interior setting reminiscent of the grandeur of high-class homes. The focal point is a woman adorned in a shimmering pink gown, radiating grace and sophistication. Bathed in gentle light, her dress catches the glimmer, accentuating her beauty. She holds a treat for a dog in her hand, enticing the furry companion who stands on its hind legs in eager anticipation. The canine's eyes fixated on the delicious morsel, capturing a moment of playful interaction between the woman and her loyal companion. The scene takes on a narrative quality as the young woman's other hand delicately lifts a curtain, hinting at another room beyond. This subtle gesture adds depth to the composition, suggesting a world of hidden secrets and intriguing possibilities within the opulent surroundings. Victor Ravet took inspiration from the Dutch Golden Age painters of the 17th century, such as Vermeer, Jacob Ochtervelt, and Gerrit Dou. This homage to their style and subject matter pays tribute to the timeless allure of domestic scenes, capturing a slice of life in a bygone era. With meticulous attention to detail, Ravet masterfully recreates the textures and fabrics, immersing the viewer in the sumptuousness of the period. The soft play...

This beautiful late 19th-century oil painting by Austrian artist Albert Rieger (1834-1905) depicts a river landscape at dawn. It demonstrates the qualities that established him as on...

Adolphus Knell (1795–1875) Beached Fishing Vessel at Low Tide Oil on artist’s board, signed verso Circa 1870 A beautifully restrained and atmospheric Victorian coastal scene by the ...

Josef Carl Berthold Püttner (Planá, Bohemia, 1821 – Vöslau, Austria, 1881) Locomotive Speeding Through the Snow in Winter, 1873 Oil on canvas Signed and dated lower right: “JCB Pü...

Great White Heron is a modern artwork realized in 1870. Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1870. Name of the bird printed ...

Buff-Backed Heron is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1...

Egypt in words and pictures is an original rare book written by Georg Ebers between 1879 and 1880. Two volumes. Eduard Hallberger publisher, bound editions, moldy and dirty spots, pages with cracks. A marvellous edition of hundres of illustration depicting ancient Egypt and scene of ordinary life in late 19th Century. Georg Moritz Ebers (1837-1898) was a German Egyptologist and writer. With his historical novels and popular science books...

This large French Barbizon-style landscape, *A River Sunset*, by Charles Lemaître, is an oil on canvas depicting a peaceful river landscape illuminated by the warm light of sunset. S...

Numidian Crane is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917). Woodcut print on ivory-colored paper. Hand-colored, published by Lond...

"The Celebrated Clipper Ship Dreadnought" is an original hand-colored lithograph by Currier & Ives. It depicts a sailing ship. 13 1/4" x 17 1/2" art 19" x 23 1/2" frame Nathaniel Currier was a tall introspective man with a melancholy nature. He could captivate people with his piercing stare or charm them with his sparkling blue eyes. Nathaniel was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts on March 27th, 1813, the second of four children. His parents, Nathaniel and Hannah Currier, were distant cousins who lived a humble yet spartan life. When Nathaniel was eight years old, tragedy struck. Nathaniel’s father unexpectedly passed away leaving Nathaniel and his eleven-year-old brother Lorenzo to provide for the family. In addition to their mother, Nathaniel and Lorenzo had to care for six-year-old sister Elizabeth and two-year-old brother Charles. Nathaniel worked a series of odd jobs to support the family, and at fifteen, he started what would become a life-long career when he apprenticed in the Boston lithography shop of William and John Pendleton. A Bavarian gentleman named Alois Senefelder invented lithography just 30 years prior to young Nat Currier’s apprenticeship. While under the employ of the brothers Pendleton, Nat was taught the art of lithography by the firm’s chief printer, a French national named Dubois, who brought the lithography trade to America. Lithography involves grinding a piece of limestone flat and smooth then drawing in mirror image on the stone with a special grease pencil. After the image is completed, the stone is etched with a solution of aqua fortis leaving the greased areas in slight relief. Water is then used to wet the stone and greased-ink is rolled onto the raised areas. Since grease and water do not mix, the greased-ink is repelled by the moisture on the stone and clings to the original grease pencil lines. The stone is then placed in a press and used as a printing block to impart black on white images to paper. In 1833, now twenty-years old and an accomplished lithographer, Nat Currier left Boston and moved to Philadelphia to do contract work for M.E.D. Brown, a noted engraver and printer. With the promise of good money, Currier hired on to help Brown prepare lithographic stones of scientific images for the American Journal of Sciences and Arts. When Nat completed the contract work in 1834, he traveled to New York City to work once again for his mentor John Pendleton, who was now operating his own shop located at 137 Broadway. Soon after the reunion, Pendleton expressed an interest in returning to Boston and offered to sell his print shop to Currier. Young Nat did not have the financial resources to buy the shop, but being the resourceful type he found another local printer by the name of Stodart. Together they bought Pendleton’s business. The firm ‘Currier & Stodart’ specialized in "job" printing. They produced many different types of printed items, most notably music manuscripts for local publishers. By 1835, Stodart was frustrated that the business was not making enough money and he ended the partnership, taking his investment with him. With little more than some lithographic stones, and a talent for his trade, twenty-two year old Nat Currier set up shop in a temporary office at 1 Wall Street in New York City. He named his new enterprise ‘N. Currier, Lithographer’ Nathaniel continued as a job printer and duplicated everything from music sheets to architectural plans. He experimented with portraits, disaster scenes and memorial prints, and any thing that he could sell to the public from tables in front of his shop. During 1835 he produced a disaster print Ruins of the Planter's Hotel, New Orleans, which fell at two O’clock on the Morning of the 15th of May 1835, burying 50 persons, 40 of whom Escaped with their Lives. The public had a thirst for newsworthy events, and newspapers of the day did not include pictures. By producing this print, Nat gave the public a new way to “see” the news. The print sold reasonably well, an important fact that was not lost on Currier. Nat met and married Eliza Farnsworth in 1840. He also produced a print that same year titled Awful Conflagration of the Steamboat Lexington in Long Island Sound on Monday Evening, January 18, 1840, by which melancholy occurrence over One Hundred Persons Perished. This print sold out very quickly, and Currier was approached by an enterprising publication who contracted him to print a single sheet addition of their paper, the New York Sun. This single page paper is presumed to be the first illustrated newspaper ever published. The success of the Lexington print launched his career nationally and put him in a position to finally lift his family up. In 1841, Nat and Eliza had their first child, a son they named Edward West Currier. That same year Nat hired his twenty-one year old brother Charles and taught him the lithography trade, he also hired his artistically inclined brother Lorenzo to travel out west and make sketches of the new frontier as material for future prints. Charles worked for the firm on and off over the years, and invented a new type of lithographic crayon which he patented and named the Crayola. Lorenzo continued selling sketches to Nat for the next few years. In 1843, Nat and Eliza had a daughter, Eliza West Currier, but tragedy struck in early 1847 when their young daughter died from a prolonged illness. Nat and Eliza were grief stricken, and Eliza, driven by despair, gave up on life and passed away just four months after her daughter’s death. The subject of Nat Currier’s artwork changed following the death of his wife and daughter, and he produced many memorial prints and sentimental prints during the late 1840s. The memorial prints generally depicted grief stricken families posed by gravestones (the stones were left blank so the purchasers could fill in the names of the dearly departed). The sentimental prints usually depicted idealized portraits of women and children, titled with popular Christian names of the day. Late in 1847, Nat Currier married Lura Ormsbee, a friend of the family. Lura was a self-sufficient woman, and she immediately set out to help Nat raise six-year-old Edward and get their house in order. In 1849, Lura delivered a son, Walter Black Currier, but fate dealt them a blow when young Walter died one year later. While Nat and Lura were grieving the loss of their new son, word came from San Francisco that Nat’s brother Lorenzo had also passed away from a brief illness. Nat sank deeper into his natural quiet melancholy. Friends stopped by to console the couple, and Lura began to set an extra place at their table for these unexpected guests. She continued this tradition throughout their lives. In 1852, Charles introduced a friend, James Merritt Ives, to Nat and suggested he hire him as a bookkeeper. Jim Ives was a native New Yorker born in 1824 and raised on the grounds of Bellevue Hospital where his father was employed as superintendent. Jim was a self-trained artist and professional bookkeeper. He was also a plump and jovial man, presenting the exact opposite image of his new boss. Jim Ives met Charles Currier through Caroline Clark, the object of Jim’s affection. Caroline’s sister Elizabeth was married to Charles, and Caroline was a close friend of the Currier family. Jim eventually proposed marriage to Caroline and solicited an introduction to Nat Currier, through Charles, in hopes of securing a more stable income to support his future wife. Ives quickly set out to improve and modernize his new employer’s bookkeeping methods. He reorganized the firm’s sizable inventory, and used his artistic skills to streamline the firm’s production methods. By 1857, Nathaniel had become so dependent on Jims’ skills and initiative that he offered him a full partnership in the firm and appointed him general manager. The two men chose the name ‘Currier & Ives’ for the new partnership, and became close friends. Currier & Ives produced their prints in a building at 33 Spruce Street where they occupied the third, fourth and fifth floors. The third floor was devoted to the hand operated printing presses that were built by Nat's cousin, Cyrus Currier, at his shop Cyrus Currier & Sons in Newark, NJ. The fourth floor found the artists, lithographers and the stone grinders at work. The fifth floor housed the coloring department, and was one of the earliest production lines in the country. The colorists were generally immigrant girls, mostly German, who came to America with some formal artistic training. Each colorist was responsible for adding a single color to a print. As a colorist finished applying their color, the print was passed down the line to the next colorist to add their color. The colorists worked from a master print displayed above their table, which showed where the proper colors were to be placed. At the end of the table was a touch up artist who checked the prints for quality, touching-in areas that may have been missed as it passed down the line. During the Civil War, demand for prints became so great that coloring stencils were developed to speed up production. Although most Currier & Ives prints were colored in house, some were sent out to contract artists. The rate Currier & Ives paid these artists for coloring work was one dollar per one hundred small folios (a penny a print) and one dollar per one dozen large folios. Currier & Ives also offered uncolored prints to dealers, with instructions (included on the price list) on how to 'prepare the prints for coloring.' In addition, schools could order uncolored prints from the firm’s catalogue to use in their painting classes. Nathaniel Currier and James Merritt Ives attracted a wide circle of friends during their years in business. Some of their more famous acquaintances included Horace Greeley, Phineas T. Barnum, and the outspoken abolitionists Rev. Henry Ward, and John Greenleaf Whittier (the latter being a cousin of Mr. Currier). Nat Currier and Jim Ives described their business as "Publishers of Cheap and Popular Pictures" and produced many categories of prints. These included Disaster Scenes, Sentimental Images, Sports, Humor, Hunting Scenes, Politics, Religion, City and Rural Scenes, Trains, Ships, Fire Fighters, Famous Race Horses, Historical Portraits, and just about any other topic that satisfied the general public's taste. In all, the firm produced in excess of 7500 different titles, totaling over one million prints produced from 1835 to 1907. Nat Currier retired in 1880, and signed over his share of the firm to his son Edward. Nat died eight years later at his summer home 'Lion’s Gate' in Amesbury, Massachusetts. Jim Ives remained active in the firm until his death in 1895, when his share of the firm passed to his eldest son, Chauncey. In 1902, faced will failing health from the ravages of Tuberculosis, Edward Currier sold his share of the firm to Chauncey Ives...

White Owl is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by Londo...

Tengmalm's Owl is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917). Woodcut print on ivory-colored paper. Hand-colored, published by Lond...

Work on canvas

Crane is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917). Woodcut print on ivory-colored paper. Hand-colored, published by London, Bell ...

Swedish artist Egron Lundgren sketched a small herd of goats and sheep resting together in this scene. Two goats recline quietly at the center while another stands nearby, creating a...

William Thornley was a painter of coastal scenes whose work is very similar to Hubert and Charles Thornley, who may have been members of the same family. He painted scenes of genre, architecture and landscapes as well. A number of the landscapes were of Belgium, Holland, Italy and Norway. However, it is for his seascapes that he is best remembered. Thornley’s works are beautifully detailed and show a masterful understanding of the moods of both weather and sea. They are often small in size and put together with fine detail and great artistic merit. Thornley’s fishing scenes are spirited and similar in style to those of “Jock” Wilson, and are often painted in pairs. Thornley’s works have always been popular when they appear on the art market. He was believed to have first exhibited marines at the Royal Academy in 1859 from an address in Paddington, London and also at the British Institution from 1861 until it closed in 1867. He continued to exhibit at the Royal Academy until 1898. Thornley also exhibited at the Paris Salon and the Salon of French Artists, receiving an honourable mention in 1881 and a third place medal in 1888. William Thornley also went by the names Georges William and William...

Bewick's Swan is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1870....

Little Egret is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917). Woodcut print on ivory-colored paper. Hand-colored, published by London...

Purple Martin is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917). Woodcut print on ivory-colored paper. Han...

Dalmatian Regulus is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 18...

Antoine-Louis Barye (1795 - 1875) Lion au serpent n°1 Bronze à patine brune H. : 25 cm; L. : 34,6 cm; P. : 16 cm Signé «BARYE» sur la terrasse Numéroté « 2338 » sur le dessous ...

Ortolan is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1870. Name ...

Fabulous 19th Century oil on canvas portrait of a child with their dog. It is signed and dated 1872 underneath the gold matting. I cannot decipher the signature. Painting could be ei...

Hermann Ottomar Herzog Signed Dated Lower right 1871 Oil on Canvas 25x44 Inches Sight Size 29x58 Inches With Frame Housed in the Original Gorgeous Gilded Frame Good overall Condition, Unlined, will benefit cleaning Private Collection Massachusetts Image Depicts a Large Stunning Beach Scene by the famous American Artist Hermann Ottomar Herzog. Freshly purchased from a massachusetts estate, Had not been thru auction for over 50 years. Extremely powerful and gorgeous contrast in colors Frame is original and Fabulous and alone worth over $6,000 as Hudson River Frame...

Rock Dove is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 1870. Nam...

Buonaparte's Gull is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, published by London, Bell & Sons, 18...

Alfred De Breanski Senior Oil on canvas Signed Canvas Size: 20 x 30" (50 x 76cm) Outside Frame Size: 27 x 37" (69 x 95cm) Free shipping worldwide ALFRED De BREANSKI Snr Alfred...

Walter Blackman (1847–1928) Apple Blossom in a Vase Signed lower left Oil on canvas applied to board 10 × 8 inches Walter Blackman was born in New York in 1847 and pursued formal s...

"Susanna surprised at her bath" by Giovanni Battista LOMBARDI (1822-1880) Sculpture made in white Carrara marble Signed and dated "GB. Lombardi, Roma 1873" Italy 1873 height 91 cm...

Kawanabe Kyosai (1831-1889) Above: Tokyo kaika meisho (Famous Sites of Civilized Tokyo): Kaianji Below: Samezu Myojin koji (Ancient Event Involving Samezu Myojin) Color woodcut, 1875...

Moody Paul Andorff painting of a town, stormy skies and foreboding! Housed in a period European frame circa 1875. Pairs very well with the other Paul Andorff painting that we have l...

Artwork on canvas Golden wooden frame 52.5 x 40.5 x 3.3 cm

Beautiful late 19th century Japanese woodblock print diptych of two kabuki actors by Kunichika Toyohara (Japanese, 1835-1900). This pair of prints is united by a continuous landscape...

Etching realized by Giovan Battista Piranesi in 1775. Image dimension: 40.5x52 cm. Sheet dimension  68.5x74.3 cm. Signed on the plate lower right. Plate from Views of Rome. Excell...

Passenger Pigeon is a modern artwork realized in 1870 by the British artist Alexander Francis Lydon (1836-1917) . Woodcut print, hand colored, publi...

Original Miniature 19th Century Austrian Pastoral Figurative Oil Painting on Wood Painted in the manner of late Romanticism, this charming miniature pastoral landscape by Edmund Fri...

Untitled (also known as "1811 THE BACKWOODSMAN'S CHRISTMAS") Oil on canvas, c. 1875-1925 Unsigned Provenance: Found in Ohio A charming American naive nocturn of a hunter and his two ...

Leonardo da Vinci, After by Amand Durand, Italian (1452 - 1519) - Quatre Etudes pour une Figure Equestre, Year: circa 1878, Medium: Heliogravure, Size: 11.75 x 8.5 in. (29.85 x 21...

Jean Marie Constantin Joseph (Jan) VAN BEERS Oil on Panel Panel Size: 32 x 24" (81 x 62cm) Outside frame Size: 38 x 33" (97 x 83cm) Van Beers (1852 ...