Chanel, open woven wool dress with white collar
By Chanel
Located in AMSTERDAM, NL
Chanel, open woven wool dress with white collar. The item is in good condition
Chanel, open woven wool dress with white collar
By Chanel
Located in AMSTERDAM, NL
Chanel, open woven wool dress with white collar. The item is in good condition
Chanel 2004 Black Button Up Collared Dress and Belt
By Chanel
Located in Scottsdale, AZ
This classic mid-length dress exudes understated elegance with its structured collar, reminiscent of Chanel's iconic designs.
Chanel Black Wool High-Collar Button Dress circa 1990s
By Chanel
Located in Scottsdale, AZ
The Chanel Black Wool High-Collar Button Dress from the circa 1990s is a quintessential example of timeless elegance and sophisticated style.
rare CHANEL 2015 Runway black silk white cotton collar trompe loeil dress FR36 S
By Chanel
Located in Hong Kong, NT
rare CHANEL 2015 Runway black silk white cotton collar trompe loeil dress FR36 S Reference: GEGG/A00084 Brand: Chanel Designer: Karl Lagerfeld Collection: Fall Winter 2015 - Runway M...
Chanel Black and White Pinstriped Cotton Nylon Collared Short Dress
By Chanel
Located in Miami, FL
Chanel black and white pinstripe shirt dress perfect for the summer.
Chanel Navy Blue High Collar Textured Wool Dress
By Chanel
Located in Krakow, PL
A neat design in a dynamic navy blue, this Chanel textured wool dress has distinctive high collar and a tapered silhouette.
Chanel Black Mini Dress with White Collar - Size 38
By Chanel
Located in Krakow, PL
Stunning Chanel black mini dress featuring a chic white collar.
80s CHANEL black silk dress with satin collar
By Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Very Chic CHANEL silk chiffon dress. french cuff. satin collar.
Chanel Black Velvet Dress with a White Collar, Fall 1993
By Chanel
Located in SAINT-OUEN-SUR-SEINE, FR
Chanel - (Made in France) Black velvet dress with a white collar and ornamented with golden metal buttons.
CHANEL White Sleeveless Collared Tennis Dress W. Navy Blue Accents Sz. 36
By Chanel
Located in New York, NY
CHANEL White Sleeveless Collared Tennis Dress W. Navy Blue Accents Sz. 36 Made in France Materials: 97% cotton, 3% elastic.
Chanel navy blue sequinned mini dress with lace collar and satin bow, C. 1987
By Karl Lagerfeld, Chanel
Located in London, GB
A fine and rare Chanel navy blue mini dress, circa 1987. The dress features black satin bow, Chantilly lace collar, two gold-tone clover leaf buttons and invisible zipper at rear.
Chanel 2009 White Tweed with Black Satin Trim & Collar Detail - 36
By Chanel
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Chanel 2009 White Tweed with Black Satin Trim & Collar Detail - 36.
runway CHANEL 18A navy wool cashmere cable knit sailor collar sweater dress FR42
By Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld
Located in Hong Kong, NT
runway CHANEL 18A navy wool cashmere cable knit sailor collar sweater dress FR42 Brand: Chanel Designer: Karl Lagerfeld Collection: 2018 Metier D'Arts Model Name / Style: Sweater dre...
Chanel Spring 2013 Black Runway Gown with White Collar / Cuffs
By Chanel
Located in Toronto, ON
Chanel Spring 2013 Runway and Ad Campaign collection long black gown. Detachable white collar and cuffs, black shimmer fabric, pearly CC buttons at cuffs, pockets at front hip and re...
CHANEL Size 10 White Cotton Equestrian Collar Shirt Dress
By Chanel
Located in San Francisco, CA
This fabulous CHANEL shirt dress comes ina light weight cotton and features a pointed collar, three quarter sleeves, and a button up closure with ruffled detail.
CHANEL Size 10 White Cotton Equestrian Ruffle Collar Shirt Dress
By Chanel
Located in San Francisco, CA
This fabulous CHANEL shirt dress comes ina light weight cotton and features a pointed collar, three quarter sleeves, and a button up closure with ruffled detail.
Sold
Size: No sizing label
1980s Chanel Pink, Black Trim Peter Pan Collar & Tulip Hem Jacket, or Mini-Dress
By Chanel
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Chanel from the 1980s by Karl Lagerfeld, pink with black trim, long tailored jacket, or mini-dress.
Double-breasted navy blue crêpe dress with detachable white collar Chanel
By Chanel
Located in Saint-Ouen-Sur-Seine, FR
Double-breasted navy blue crêpe dress with detachable white collar and gold metal branded buttons. No brand tag but branded buttons. Camelia's shape buttons ( branded on the back, s...
Chanel Autumn ’94 Lace Collar Sequin Shift Dress
By Chanel
Located in San Francisco, CA
Chanel Autumn ’94 Lace Collar Sequin Shift Dress Little gunmetal sequinned sleeveless shift dress with lace ruffle and velvet bow by Chanel from Autumn Winter 1994-5 Size: FR 38/ a...
Chanel Sleeveless Dress with Asymmetric Collar and Camellia Buttons Navy Size 44
By Chanel
Located in Port Saint Lucie, FL
This chic little dress was made by Chanel for their 2002 collection.
Sold
Size: none; comparable to size S
Chanel Camellia Shift Dress with Detachable Collar and Cuffs, 1960s
By Chanel
Located in Tucson, AZ
Velveteen A-line dress with long sleeves and detachable taffeta collar and cuffs; organza Chanel camellia pin on collar.
1987 CHANEL navy blue sequined mini dress with chantilly lace collar & satin bow
Located in San Fransisco, CA
Very rare navy blue sequined mini dress with chantilly lace collar and black satin bow from designed by Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel dating to 1987.
1994 CHANEL black sequined dress with chantilly lace collar & satin bow
By Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld
Located in San Fransisco, CA
Jet-black sequined dress with chantilly lace collar and black satin bow from designed by Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel dating to fall of 1994 as seen on the runway.
Chanel S/S 1990 Vintage Black Pleated Grecian Collar Gown
By Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel, Chanel
Located in Jersey City, NJ
A standout detail is the removable collar, allowing this dress to transform depending on the mood: wear it clean and minimal as a classic strapless gown, or add the collar for a shar...
Chanel Long Black Dress With Detachable Collar & Cuff 40 FR
By Chanel
Located in DOUBLE BAY, NSW
This timeless Chanel above-knee dress is perfect for any occasion, featuring a detachable collar and cuffs for versatile styling options.
Chanel Long Black Wool Dress With Detachable Collar 40 FR
By Chanel
Located in DOUBLE BAY, NSW
Brand: Chanel Product: Long Wool Dress Size: 40 Fr Colour: Black Material: Outer: 50% Wool, 48% Viscose & 2% Polyamide Lining: 100% Silk Product Code: P35979V19004 Condition...
Chanel Monochrome Lurex Cotton Blend Collared Sheath Dress M
By Chanel
Located in Dubai, Al Qouz 2
This chic dress comes from the iconic house of Chanel. Crafted from quality materials, it comes with a pure silk lining.
CHANEL Dress White Sleeveless Multicolor Floral Silver HW Collar 42 RUNWAY 2016
By Chanel
Located in Hollywood, FL
GUARANTEED AUTHENTIC BEAUTIFUL CHANEL RUNWAY SPRING 2016 SLEEVLESS FLORAL TRIM DRESS Retail excluding sales taxes $3,900 Design: - Runway beautiful sleeveless white dress with mul...
CHANEL Dress White Sleeveless Multicolor Floral Silver HW Collar 42 RUNWAY 2016
By Chanel
Located in Hollywood, FL
GUARANTEED AUTHENTIC BEAUTIFUL CHANEL RUNWAY SPRING 2016 SLEEVLESS FLORAL TRIM DRESS Retail excluding sales taxes $3,900 Design: - Runway beautiful sleeveless white dress with mult...
CHANEL Dress in Black Silk with White Collar Size 38EU
By Chanel
Located in Paris, FR
Very elegant silk CHANEL dress. Straight cut, it is adorned on the collar and cuffs of snap buttons.
1990's Chanel Low-Cut Plunge Portrait-Collar Black Wiggle Dress
By Chanel
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Chanel is known to be one of the most luxurious and decadent fashion houses in the world. This breathtaking black cotton-knit cocktail wiggle is a perfect example of why this couture...
Chanel Couture Crepe Column Dress with Embellished Collar circa late 1990s/2000s
By Chanel
Located in Los Angeles, CA
This is a long dress by Chanel. It features an embellished collar consisting of tiny leaf shaped sequins.
Chanel Pink & Lilac Boucle Collared Cap Sleeve Dress - Size US 4
By Chanel
Located in London, GB
Chanel Pink Lavender Boucle Collared Cap Sleeve A Line Dress - Pleated Skirt - Cap-sleeve - CC patterned Lining - Back Neck Fastening with CC buttons and Back invisible Zip - Fro...
1990's Chanel Black Silk Tiered Portrait-Collar & Cuffs Backless Cocktail Dress
By Chanel
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Measurements Bust:35-36 inches Waist:29 inches Hips:38 inches Sleeve Length:11 inches Total Length:38 inches This Chanel designer dress is in excellent condition with no...
1990's Chanel Ivory-White Satin Draped-Collar Belted Mini Cocktail Dress
By Chanel
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
The blouse has an avant-garde draped collar and a button-down front. You can wear it with the matching Chanel quilted mini-skirt or with your favorite pair of skinny jeans.
Chanel Black Sheath Dress - '10s
By Chanel
Located in Milano, Lombardia
This Chanel black sheath dress from the 2019 Collection is crafted in a classic tweed style and features a subtle iridescent effect in the light. It features concealed pleats to ensu...
CHANEL PARIS-BYZANCE 11A Black Wool Short Sleeve Gripoix Button Dress Sz 36
By Karl Lagerfeld, Chanel
Located in Thiensville, WI
CHANEL black wool short sleeve dress. Draped open panels at front center and back. Front of dress is embellished with six gold-tone metal Byzatine-inspired Gripoix details. Black sil...
1990s Prada Black Shirt with Black Patent Leather Belt
By Prada
Located in Toronto, Ontario
This 1990s Prada piece is somewhere between a shirt and a light jacket. Black polyester/nylon techno fabric that has some weight and a very light bit of stretch to it. A black pate...
Chanel Autumn/Winter 2005 Cream Wool Dress with Black Passimenterie Trim
By Chanel
Located in Toronto, Ontario
Classic and very chic Chanel shift dress from the Autumn/Winter 2005 collection. The dress was number 9 in the A/W 2005 show, that was inspired by the 1960s. The beautiful cream wool...
$1,159
Chanel 04C Tweed Dress
By Chanel
Located in Dubai, AE
Chanel 04C sleeveless ivory dress from the 2004 Cruise Resort Collection, featuring a 6.5 cm chiffon hem, empire waist, and low round neckline. Finished with a delicate 0.6 cm fringe...
2010s Chanel Black Cocktail Dress With Keyhole Neckline and Pleated Skirt Detail
By Chanel
Located in San Francisco, CA
Chanel 2010s black sleeveless cocktail dress with keyhole accents woven around a silk strap at neck. Seven inch pleat accents around hem give it a bit of an "I'd rather be playing te...
Mid 2000's Prada Belted Little Black Dress
By Prada
Located in Toronto, Ontario
Classic Prada little black dress from the mid 2000's. Sleeveless with a clean bateau neckline and a sleek fit and flair silhouette - a figure-skimming silk blend techno fabric bodice...
Off-white crochet dress CHANEL
By Chanel
Located in Saint-Ouen-Sur-Seine, FR
Off-white crochet dress . Knit composition: 65% cotton, 35% nylon. SIZE 34 (Fr) S
Chanel · Chanel Vintage Cruise 1997 Black Textured Cotton Dress
By Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel, Chanel
Located in London, GB
Timeless chic vintage Chanel little black dress from the Cruise 1997 97C collection. Unworn with tag/swatch/button. Made from bubble textured black cotton with a full soft silk linin...
1970s Chanel Creations Black Silk Micro Pleated Shirt Dress
By Chanel
Located in Toronto, Ontario
Very sweet 1970s Chanel Creations short sleeve shirtdress. Micro pleated black silk with removable white cotton Peter Pan neckline and cuffs. Black and bronze tone lions head small b...
Chanel Black Double-Breasted Belted Dress FR 36 Wool Silk Blend
By Chanel
Located in Krakow, PL
Chanel Black Double-Breasted Belted Dress Size FR 36 Description Elegant Chanel black dress featuring a classic double-breasted silhouette, silver-tone hardware, and a matching belt....
$1,118Sale Price|60% Off
Size: 42 / US 10 - 14
Vintage Chanel Size 42 / 10 - 14 Black and White 2000s Cotton Knit Dress Y2K
By Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel, Chanel
Located in San Diego, CA
Chic and classic Chanel, by Karl Lagerfeld, early 2000s black and white short sleeve knit dress. Soft cotton knit stretches to fit, and simply slips over the head. Silver logo CC met...
Chanel F/W 2009 by Karl Lagerfeld turnlock belted runway black dress
By Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel
Located in PARIS, FR
Chanel Fall Winter 2009 runway leather turnlock belted dress by Karl Lagerfeld, removable leather belt, large CC logo, size 36 FR it fits US 0 up to slim US 4. CC logo crystals butto...
2008 Chanel Navy Silk Dress
By Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld
Located in Paris, FR
Chanel Navy silk dress featuring a detachable front bow, back neck slit, center back zip opening, with sides bra wires, full silk lining. Composition: 100% Silk Lining: 100% Silk C...
New Tom Ford for Gucci F/W 2003 Silk Black Corset Belt Cocktail Dress It.38
By Tom Ford for Gucci, Gucci
Located in Montgomery, TX
New Tom Ford for Gucci Black Silk Corset Belt Cocktail Dress F/W 2003 Collection Italian size -38 Stretch Silk, Detachable Corset Belt, Back Zip Closure. Made in Italy. New without tag.
Chanel black wool dress pre fall 2011 Paris Byzance FR 46
By Chanel
Located in Rubiera, RE
CHANEL Pre-fall 2011 PARIS BYZANCE Métiers d'Art Look 11/67 Black wool jersey dress embellished with 6 jewel ornaments. Size FR 46 Made in France 100% wool 100% silk lining Measures:...
Valentino New Vintage Silk Halter Gown with Waist Cut outs & Train S/S 2007
By Valentino
Located in Water Mill, NY
A gorgeous pink silk halter gown from Valentino S/S 2007 collection. It has a halter neckline, fitted ruched woven panels across the bodice with 2 cut outs on each side and 4 adjus...
Chanel Vintage S/S 1988 White Black Lace Camellia Bow Dress Gown
By Chanel
Located in Jersey City, NJ
This stunning vintage Chanel gown from the Spring/Summer 1988 collection is a timeless masterpiece that exudes elegance and sophistication. The dress features a striking contrast be...
Valentino Women's Pink Silk Cape Gown, Italian Size 44
By Valentino
Located in Water Mill, NY
A fabulous pink silk cape dress from Valentino. It is a sleeveless body skimming dress with a panel draping over the shoulders forming a cape in the back. The bust is lined in the s...
$948Sale Price|25% Off
Size: Medium
1960s Guy Laroche Couture Lipstick Red Virgin Wool A Line Vintage 60s Mini Dress
By Guy Laroche
Located in San Diego, CA
1960s GUY LAROCHE Couture lipstick red virgin wool A-Line mini dress! The perfect alternative to a little black dress, this red gem is sure to stand out! Hand made, with the utmost a...
CHANEL Creme Bouclé Wool Jacket with Iconic Sunburst CC Buttons – c. 1999
By Chanel
Located in Boca Raton, FL
Understated elegance with signature Chanel refinement. This cream bouclé jacket from the late 1990s—designed under Karl Lagerfeld’s direction—features a structured silhouette with cl...
Thierry Mugler S/S 1994 White Pleated Dress
By Thierry Mugler
Located in New York, NY
Thierry Mugler S/S 1994 White Fan Pleated Dress; with pleated gathering to central metal ring at midriff, satin-covered lightly-boned corset to interior. Fits US size 4, EU 34; Miss...
Comme des Garçons Spring 2008 Blue Gingham Chiffon Ruffled Bolero
By Comme des Garçons, Rei Kawakubo Comme Des Garcons
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Rei Kawakubo for Comme des Garçons Ready-to-Wear Spring 2008 navy blue gingham heavily ruffled bolero. This playful piece will strike CdG collectors as visually similar to the iconic...
Calvin Klein Collection by Calvin Vintage 1990s Tailored Pinstriped Suit
By Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein Collection
Located in Antwerpen, Vlaams Gewest
Calvin Klein collection by Calvin Klein vintage 1990's tailored pin stripe suit Calvin Klein defined the look of American minimalism in the 1990s, sleek, understated, and effortlessl...
CARMEN MARC VALVO 90's Vintage Silver Beaded Evening Gown Bridal Wedding Dress
By Carmen Marc Valvo
Located in Leonardo, NJ
Carmen Marc Valvo Vintage 1990's Silver / Grey / Icy cool toned Delicate floral beaded pattern Looks like liquid silk, but it's not silk Sexy square neckline Size USA 12 - easily tai...
UNWORN Christian Dior by John Galliano Deep Cleavage Laceup Silk Dress 4
By John Galliano for Christian Dior, Christian Dior
Located in Switzerland, CH
This dress is a variation of Goldie Hawn's Golden Globe Dress created exclusively by John Galliano An extremely luxurious and CHRISTIAN DIOR signature piece that will last you for y...
1993 AZZEDINE ALAIA black lace dress with molded bustier
By Azzedine Alaïa
Located in San Fransisco, CA
Very rare, black lace dress with blush pink lining and molded busier designed by Azzedine Alaia dating to spring of 1993. This is a very collectible and highly documented piece. Lace...
Versace Silk Halter Dress with Embroidery
By Donatella Versace, Versace
Located in Water Mill, NY
A fabulous fine stretch silk halter dress from Versace with a colorful pink lily print on a turquoise background. The halter neck and bust area are comprised of intricate silk cord f...
Christian Dior by John Galliano Green Knit and Satin Evening Ensemble, SS 1999
By Christian Dior, John Galliano for Christian Dior
Located in London, GB
A two-piece ensemble from Christian Dior by John Galliano, Spring-Summer 1999, consisting of a fitted cable-knit sweater and a coordinating column skirt in a muted seafoam green hue....
NARCISO RODRIGUEZ 2018 Silk Soft Pink/Peach Gown Maxi Dress
By Narciso Rodriguez
Located in Leonardo, NJ
Narciso Rodriguez 2018 Original Price $2,995 Special Capsule Collection for Barneys NY The most adorable softest baby pink color bordering on peach Pullover Lined 100% silk IT40 fits...
Dolce & Gabbana F/W 1999 Vintage Bustier Silk Floral Print Midi Dress
By Dolce & Gabbana
Located in Englishtown, NJ
Dolce & Gabbana F/W 1999 Vintage Bustier Silk Floral Print Bodycon Midi Dress Condition: Good vintage condition, size tag is missing, fits like M-L.
Vintage 1950's Aqua Floral Silk Brocade Dress and Coat Ensemble UK 8 US 4
By Mardi Gras
Located in Nashville, TN
Rendered in the most mesmerising shantung silk brocade, in shades of iridescent green and aqua blue, this original 1950's floral brocade dress and coat ensemble, is just the set to a...
In the years following the opening of her modest millinery shop, Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel became a pivotal designer of both fashionable casual wear and Paris haute couture as well as an icon and arbiter of 20th-century style with her bob haircut and pearls. Today vintage Chanel handbags, jackets and evening dresses are among the most sought-after clothing and accessories for fashion lovers all over the world.
The first Chanel shop was established in 1910 in Paris on rue Cambon by the young milliner Gabrielle Chanel (1883–1971), who had picked up the nickname “Coco” while working as a club singer. The boutique drew the attention of the Parisian fashion elite who popularized her wide-brimmed Chanel Modes hats. Soon she added a sportswear store in the Normandy resort town of Deauville, where Coco set the tone for her defining sense of style — traditionally masculine garments reimagined for feminine shapes, made from simple jersey fabric.
Effortless and elegant, Chanel's designs promoted comfort and grace in women’s wear that had been dominated in the previous century by complicated layers of fabric and cumbersome corsets. She followed this success with a couture house, opened in 1915 in Biarritz.
But Chanel was not born into a life of glamour. Following the death of her mother, her father left her in an orphanage where she lived until the age of 18. It was there that she learned to sew as well as appreciate the classic pairing of black and white as worn by the nuns.
In 1926, Chanel introduced her first little black dress, reclaiming a color that had once been reserved for mourning and working-class women. That same decade, she debuted her perfume, Chanel No. 5, as well as the Chanel suit with a fitted skirt, inspired by the boxy lines of men’s clothing and employing a sporty tweed.
Chanel closed her fashion operations during World War II, then returned to the industry in 1954 to design for the functional needs of modern women.
Structure and wearability endured in all of Chanel’s clothing and accessories, like the quilted leather 2.55 handbag — a 1955 update of a 1920s-era design — with its gold-chain shoulder strap that freed up a woman’s hands. The 1957 two-tone slingback pumps had a practical heel height while offering a bold statement in the black tip of the shoes. Her collarless jacket reacted against the constricting styles of Christian Dior's New Look, replacing them with a design that was timeless, an instant classic.
After Coco Chanel died in 1971, the brand underwent several changes in leadership, including fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld, who took over as artistic director in 1983. His collections for Chanel displayed his knack for synthesizing old and new, high and low. Lagerfeld revived Chanel ballet flats and thoroughly embraced the classic logo's interlocking CCs, which took the form of a clasp featured on so many of the rare Chanel bags that are much sought after today.
Vintage Karl Lagerfeld designs for Chanel dresses, coats and other clothing of the 1980s, '90s and 2000s riffed on its iconography, accenting a lexicon of Chanel-isms with tastes of the moment. And as the 1990s have become associated with styles adopted by today’s supermodels and influencers, vintage Chanel bags of the 1990s are among the most prized of the brand’s offerings.
Over the years, the company has continued to innovate, such as expanding into ready-to-wear fashion in 1978 and, in 2002, establishing a subsidiary company — Paraffection — dedicated to preserving the heritage skills of fashion artisan workshops. The House of Chanel still operates its flagship on rue Cambon in Paris, where it all began.
Browse vintage Chanel bags, evening dresses, shoes, jewelry and other clothing and accessories on 1stDibs.
Start building your collection of covetable and iconic vintage clothing today — no matter where you roam, there is a curated selection of designer dresses and gowns, sweaters, shirts, dazzling shoes and more on 1stDibs that will keep you covered in the hottest styles from head to toe.
From elegant museum-worthy vintage Chanel dresses and jackets to audacious T-shirts and trousers from provocative punk designer Vivienne Westwood, one thing is abundantly clear: If the clothing for sale on 1stDibs could talk, it would certainly make a statement.
For fashion lovers, the 1990s have become associated with styles adopted by today’s supermodels and influencers — think John Galliano and Roberto Cavalli — but maybe ‘80s accessories are among your (guilty?) pleasures.
Playful, boldly colored coats and outerwear from Moschino, Ralph Lauren and other titans of the era can take a simpler ensemble to the next level, while chic and practical suits from the likes of Christian Dior and Balmain endure for haute couture advocates and beyond.
And vintage is the name of the game on today’s red carpets, too. Celebrity stylists are turning to archival pieces created by the likes of Bob Mackie, Thierry Mugler and Jean-Paul Gaultier as alternatives to new gowns plucked straight off the runway. Wearing such sought-after items gives celebrities instant allure and suggests a personal style that’s not only achingly glamorous but intellectually informed and influenced by a love of craftsmanship.
Those seeking contemporary luxury looks and in-demand street-style fits can indulge in designs by Bottega Veneta, Miu Miu and Loro Piana, while pieces from Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent and Versace endure as examples of fashion’s most covetable goods.
The future — and glamorous past — of fashion is yours for the wearing. Find vintage clothing and accessories for sale on 1stDibs, including designs by Balenciaga, Valentino, Celine, Loewe and more.
From handbags and heels to jackets and jewels, Sharon Coplan Hurowitz has a deep admiration for (and collection of) all things Chanel.
The classic tweed garment has been a wardrobe staple of chic women around the world since the 1950s.