Art Nouveau Jewelry
Art Nouveau Rings
Art Nouveau Necklaces
Art Nouveau Brooches
Art Nouveau Earrings
Art Nouveau More Jewelry and Watches
Applied Filters2,265 results
Style:Art Nouveau
to
413
Item Location
1,160
940
1
233
1,266
765
391
124
44
43
21
47
14
9
4
36
1
219
171
170
77
31
1,139
1,073
53
1,746
891
805
515
484
1,141
450
347
267
225
341
136
124
116
112
to
40,115
28,377
11,640
6,226
5,910
5,526
2,265
1,991
719
673
554
496
450
289
228
151
67
9
C1910 Antique Ostby & Barton 10k 2 Color Gold Spinel Filligree Ring
Located in Baltimore, MD
10K Ostby and Barton Ring embellished with a lovely raised 2 color gold flower and leaf along the sides and an octagonally shaped mesmerizing solitaire spinel that looks like a clear...
Category
1910s Vintage Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Spinel, Gold, 10k Gold
Sorority Skull Chi Omega Seed Pearl Pin, Ruby Eyes and Pearl Skull, 1930
Located in Austin, TX
The details for this beautiful brooch is listed below:
Metal Quality: 10k Yellow Gold
Broach Shape:
Broach Measurements: 11.7 mm
Gemstone: Pearl
Gemstone Shape: round
This soror...
Category
1930s Vintage Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Pearl, Ruby, 14k Gold, Yellow Gold
Mother of Pearl Cat Feline Bear 18 Karat Gold Handmade Animal Drop Chic Earrings
Located in Milano, IT
Stunning unique piece. Mother of pearl earrings with an amazing cat, feline or animal shaped form. Marvelous jewel with 18 karat yellow gold setting. Drop, chic and handmade earrings...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Pearl, Gold, 18k Gold, White Gold
Original Art Nouveau Diamond Brooch Necklace
Located in Brisbane, AU
An exceptional Art Nouveau era brooch pendant presented in its original velvet box. The central brooch pendant is crafted from 18 karat yellow gold which has been silver topper and s...
Category
Early 20th Century Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Natural Pearl, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold, Sterling Silver
Antique Diamond Vous et Moi Ring
Located in Napoli, Italy
This Beautiful Authentic 18k gold 'Vous et Moi' ring is set with two large Sparkling Old mine cut diamonds, the largest weighs 1.10 ct., graded G/H color Vs1, the smallest weighs 0....
Category
Early 20th Century Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, 18k Gold
Free Shipping
2 Carat White GHVS Rose-Cut and DEGVVS Brilliant-Cut Diamond Pave Ring
By Joke Quick
Located in Antwerp, BE
One of a kind ring handmade in Belgium by jewellery artist Joke Quick, in 18K Yellow gold 5.8 gram & blackened sterling silver 2.2 gram (The stones are set on silver to create a blac...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, 18k Gold, Silver, Yellow Gold
Quartz Green Purple Donut 18 Karat Gold Chain Cocktail Chic Drop Dangle Earrings
Located in Milano, IT
An enchanted round purple / violet and green quartz donut-shaped earrings holded by 18 karat yellow gold chains. Modern designs full of a vivid color an a voluminous shapes, resultin...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Quartz, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Intini Jewels Round Red Mediterranean Coral Flower Handmade Clip-On Earrings
Located in Milano, IT
Marvelous and splendid design of mediterranean red coral flowers that evoke the magic and delicacy of Italian designs. The simplicity of the piece that creates a unique and unrepeata...
Category
Late 20th Century Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Base Metal
Fancy Yellow Rose-Cut, Yellow, Pink Diamond No Heat Blue Sapphire Mosaic Ring
By Joke Quick
Located in Antwerp, BE
One of a kind ring handmade in Belgium by jewellery artist Joke Quick in 4,7 g 18K yellow gold & blackened sterling silver 1,1 g (The stones are set on silver to create a black backg...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Yellow Diamond, Pink Diamond, Blue Sapphire, 18k Gold, Silver, ...
C1920 S. Kirk & Sons Inc. Sterling Silver Repousse Bangle Bracelet
Located in Baltimore, MD
Floral chased S. Kirk & Sons Inc. silver bracelet each end of the bracelet punctuated by a charming forget-me-not. This is one of Kirk's classic patterns, with a large, just bloomed...
Category
1920s Vintage Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Sterling Silver
WMF Frame Jugendstil, Germany, circa 1905
Located in Toronto, ON
WMF Jugendstil Art Nouveau Secessionist Photograph Frame, Germany C.1905. The rare design pewter frame of horizontal rectangular shape with elongated open panel triangular panel lowe...
Category
Early 1900s Antique Art Nouveau Jewelry
Art Nouveau Antique Sapphire 14 Karat Yellow Gold Bangle
Located in St. Louis Park, MN
This beautiful, antique, Art Nouveau bangle features three Sapphires, each 1/8" x 1/8" (3mm) each.
This bangle has beautifully engraved floral and scroll designs.
It is engraved on...
Category
Early 20th Century Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Sapphire, 14k Gold, Yellow Gold
Turquoise Mother of Pearl Beaded String Lanyard Face Mask Holder Necklace
Located in Milano, IT
Now face masks are part of our daily necessities, carry yours whenever you want and wherever you go and avoid having your mask dangling off one ear or around your chin! Keep your mas...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Turquoise, Base Metal
Designer Diamond and Slice Emerald Dangle Earring in Gold and Silver
By Artisan NYC
Located in New York, NY
Designer Diamond motif over the Slice Emerald Dangle Earring in Gold and Silver is a real party time jewelry piece.
Closure: Push Post
18kt Gold:3.37gms
Diamond:6.56cts
Silver:14.4...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Emerald, 18k Gold, Silver, Gold
18 Karat Gold Lapis Lazuli Sun Beads Romantic Delicate Chain Y-Necklace
Located in Milano, IT
Spectacular Y shaped 18 karat gold necklace full of glamour and shine. Blue beads and a glamorous Lapis lazuli precious stone creates a carved sun which decorates the unique piece of...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Lapis Lazuli, Gold
Platinum Yellow Gold and Diamond Engagement Ring, circa 1910
Located in Firenze, IT
Engagement ring with old cut diamond approximately 0,50ct
Size 7
Weight : 2gr
Category
1910s Vintage Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Pearl Diamond Ring
Located in Geneva, CH
Pearl and Diamond white Gold Ring.
Pearl diameter: approximately 6.57 millimeters.
Diamond estimated weight: 0.16 carat.
Ring Size: 7.
Category
Late 20th Century Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Pearl
Free Shipping
Art Nouveau 0.47 Carat Emerald Diamond 14 Karat Gold Foliate Band Ring
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Three stone band ring is belcher set to front with emerald and old mine cut diamonds
Centering an emerald cut emerald weighing approximately 0.20 carat - transparent and bright gree...
Category
Early 1900s Antique Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Emerald, Gold, 14k Gold, Yellow Gold
Antique Art Nouveau Diamond Gold Locket Pendant
Located in Chicago, IL
Made in Moscow between 1899 and 1908
A 14K gold locket is embellished with a pair of highly stylized “berries” in Art Nouveau taste.
The “berries” are set with three old mine a...
Category
Early 20th Century Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond
Free Shipping
4.70 Carat Round Colombian Emerald Diamond Engagement Ring 18 Karat Gold
Located in Brunswick, ME
Classic Solitaire Colombian round cut emerald engagement ring diamond accented.
Center; Fine brilliant natural green Colombian emerald round cut 4.20 carat, measurement 10.40mmX10.4...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Emerald, Gold, Yellow Gold, 18k Gold
Antique Style Diamond Pendant Gold
Located in Brunswick, ME
Showcasing a stylish marquise shape antique 1.29 carat diamond pendant, Made of Solid 14K White & Yellow Gold
258 genuine round cut diamonds, Approx : 1.29 carat, H-I-J Color /SI Cl...
Category
1950s Vintage Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, 14k Gold
Free Shipping
Tiffany & Co. 18 Karat Gold Art Nouveau Cufflinks
Located in Westport, CT
Timeless and Classic Tiffany & Co. 18 Karat Art Nouveau Cufflinks
Finish your classic black tie look with a pair of early 20th century, Tiffany & Co. cufflinks.
Attractive and pleas...
Category
Early 20th Century Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Gold, 18k Gold
Free Shipping
28.97 Carat 'Waterfall Effect' Japanese Akoya Pearl Dangle 18K Gold Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
The Akoya pearl is known for its superb luster and its perfectly round shape. Akoyas also have a beautiful color consistency, making them often the pearl of choice for a woman's firs...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Pearl, 18k Gold
NGTC Certified 3.73 Carat Green Emerald and Diamond Classical Dangle Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
NGTC Certified 3.73 Carats of Green Emeralds of Zambia are set with 0.60 carats of white brilliant diamond. The emeralds studded are VS clarity and are rare to find in such clarity f...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Emerald, 18k Gold
18 Karat Vivid Green Emerald and Ethiopian Opal Dangle Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
9.27 carat of vivid green Zambian emerald with 2.63 carat of Ethiopian Opal are set in this one of a kind cocktail dangle earring.
1.98 carat of vivid yellow round brilliant natural ...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Emerald, Opal, Diamond, Yellow Diamond, 18k Gold
11.57 Carat Fancy Yellow Rose Cut Statement Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
Presenting from our Grandiosa Collection, this statement making earring has 11.57 carat of Fancy Yellow Rose cut. Each piece of rose cut weighs around one carat.
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Yellow Diamond, 18k Gold
Free Shipping
5.4 Carat Fancy White Fancy Brown Pair YOU AND ME 18k Gold Wedding Ring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
5.44 carat pair of Fancy White and Fancy brown pair are used with 4.08 carat of natural vivid yellow diamond melee. The ring is a perfect symbol of two unique and different souls int...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Agate, Diamond, White Diamond, Yellow Diamond, Brown Diamond, 18k Gold
0.70 Carat Fancy Intense Yellow Diamond & 1.01 Carat White Diamond Stud Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A beautiful combination of fancy intense yellow diamond and white diamond are set in head turner earring.
0.70 carats of fancy intense yellow diamond and 1.01 carat of white brillian...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Yellow Diamond, 18k Gold
18 Karat Jewels Fancy Yellow Diamond Bracelet
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A total of 10.68 carat of yellow diamond are set in a yellow gold 18 K bracelet. The bracelet is from the Havana Collection and all the pieces are set individually on this bracelet b...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Yellow Diamond, 18k Gold
Free Shipping
Fancy Vivid Yellow 6.42 Carat 18 K Gold Almost 16 Grams Sun Ray Ring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
6.42 Carat of Fancy Intense to Fancy Vivid Yellow Diamond are set in 18K Gold in this Sun Ray Ring. Almost 16 grams of 18 K gold is used to set this 6.42 carat of natural fancy color...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Yellow Diamond, 18k Gold
14.56 Carat Colombian Emerald and 2.49 Carat Black Diamond Zig Zag Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
14.56 carat of Colombian emeralds are set along with 2.49 carat black diamond. The Green and black combination is set beautifully in this zig zag earring.
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Black Diamond, Emerald, 18k Gold
2.85 Carat Tsavorite and 0.79 Carat White Diamond Hoop Cocktail Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
Tsavorite or tsavolite is a variety of the garnet group species grossular, a calcium-aluminium garnet. Tsavorite is 1000 times more rare than emerald, and some say it surpasses emera...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Tsavorite, 18k Gold
Burnt Color Diamond and Black Color Diamond Natural Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A rare combination of 0.84 carats of Burnt Color natural diamond with 0.91 carats of Black diamond are studded in this heart shape cute earrings. The earring can be worn together o...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Black Diamond, Brown Diamond, 18k Gold
4.31 Carat Green Diamond 1.90 Carat White Diamond Stunner Ring 18 K Gold
Located in Hung Hom, HK
In this quirky ring, 4.31 carat of green diamond beads are set with 1.90 carat of white brilliant diamond and white European old cuts. The ring is made in 18 K gold and has been hand...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Brown Diamond, 18k Gold
2.35 Carat Fancy Intense Yellow Diamond Sapphire 2.01 Carat Dangle Earring 18K
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A must wear for all Cocktail events, this beautiful dangle earring consists of 2.35 carat of fancy intense yellow diamond and 2.01 carat of vivid blue sapphire from Sri Lanka. The ea...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Yellow Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold
7.00 Carat Colombian Emerald Rough and 1.96 Carat White Diamond Drop Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
7 carats of Rough Colombian Emerald are set along with 1.96 carat of white brilliant diamond. The emeralds from Colombia are rare and the roughs normally come in elongated tube shape...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
White Diamond, Emerald, Diamond, 18k Gold
2.70 Carat Soothing Yellow and White Diamond Designer Wings Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A combined carat weight of 2.70 carat of natural fancy intense yellow and white brilliant diamond are placed in this earring.
The details of the earring are as follows:
Color: F
Cla...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Yellow Diamond, 18k Gold
White South Sea Pearl and Black Tahitian Pearl Party Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
Inspired by Yin and Yang concept, the earring has 18.55 carat of black Tahitian Pearl and 28.30 carat of white South Sea Pearl. On the south sea pearl, we have embedded 2 pieces of w...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Black Pearl, South Sea Pearl, 18k Gold
Hot Red Ruby and Diamond Dangling Cocktail Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
5.27 carats of vivid red ruby is set along with 3.73 carats of F color VS clarity round brilliant diamond. The earring has a graceful fall and is hand made with precision.
The detail...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Ruby, 18k Gold, White Gold
Free Shipping
Classical 2.09 Carat Vivid Red Ruby and 1.07 Carat White Diamond Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A smart yet classical combination of 2.09 carats of vivid red ruby and 1.07 carats of white brilliant diamond are set together in this pretty earring.
The details of the earring are ...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Ruby, 18k Gold
Emerald Cut Invisible Setting 2 Carat Outlook Each Head Turner Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
Using the state of art technique , 9 pieces of diamonds are combined in a way to give an outlook of 2 carat Emerald cut. In the earring , we have used specially cut 18 pieces to give...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, 18k Gold
2.35 Carat Diamond Designer Stud Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A total of 2.35 carat of white diamond are set in this designer earring. The details of the earring are as follows:
Color: E
Clarity: Vvs
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, 18k Gold
Free Shipping
Pink Swan Inspired 2.27 Carat Fancy Pink Argyle Diamond Emerald Animal Love Ring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
2.27 carat of Australian Argyle Natural Fancy Pink Diamond are set with 0.10 carat of Marquise shaped Emerald in this Pink Swan Inspired Ring. The emerald adds a beautiful touch as t...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Pink Diamond, Emerald, 18k Gold
8.82 Carat Fancy Vivid Yellow Diamond Eternity Bangle
Located in Hung Hom, HK
Ever glowing 8.82 carats of fancy vivid yellow diamond in round brilliant are used to make this classical eternity bangle.
The bangle sits beautifully on the wrist and can be seen i...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Yellow Diamond, 18k Gold
Aqua Blue Enamel and Diamond Italian Finish Core Bracelet
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A breezy mix of aqua blue enamel is accented by white round brilliant diamonds. The bracelet is an idea born from a trip to Greece where the blue waters meet the mystical white sands...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, 18k Gold, Enamel
Black Tahitian Pearl and Diamond Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
Just as a little black dress is necessary for an evening event, this little black Tahitian pearl with white diamond brilliant diamond is a must for all events.
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Pearl, 18k Gold
Free Shipping
2.27 Carat Natural Fancy Color Diamonds and Pink Diamond Designer Pendant
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A beautiful combination of 2.27 carat fancy color diamond and 0.67 carat natural fancy pink diamond are put together to form this one of a kind pendant. Its a mix of Yellow, Orange, ...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Yellow Diamond, Pink Diamond, 18k Gold
Vibrant Blue and Soothing Pink Sapphire with White Diamond Cocktail Hoop Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A lovely combination of blue and pink sapphire set along with white pear shape brilliant diamond brings this hoop design to life. A total of 8.43 carats of sapphire are set along wit...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Blue Sapphire, Pink Sapphire, 18k Gold
White Diamond Old European Cut Dangle Earring
Located in Hung Hom, HK
A total of 2.95 carat of white old European rose cut along with 0.81 carat of white diamond tappers are set in this beautiful earring. 1.36 carat of white round brilliant diamond are...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
White Diamond, 18k Gold
Free Shipping
Platinum Tennis Classic Necklace Set with 4.67 Carat Natural White Diamond
Located in Hung Hom, HK
4.67 carats of white brilliant round diamond are set in Platinum in this tennis necklace. The details of the diamond are mentioned below:
Color: D
Clarity: Vvs
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, White Diamond, Platinum
18 Karat Gold Tourmaline 0.12 Karat White Diamonds "Little Bees" Stud Earrings
Located in Rome, IT
Rossella Ugolini 18 Karat Gold Tourmaline 0.12 Karats White Diamonds "Bees" Stud Earrings
From the collection "Istinti", here is one of my creations to support this precious animal: ...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Diamond, Tourmaline, White Diamond, Yellow Gold, Gold, 18k Gold
Boulder Opal Diamonds White Opal Sapphires Emeralds Tourmalines Necklace
By Jose Marin
Located in València, ES
This necklace named "A Dragonfly on my Window" is one of the pieces from "Beautiful Nature" collection. Ever since I was a child I have been fascinated by dragonflies.
They bring bac...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Sapphire, Tourmaline, Diamond, Emerald, Opal, Sterling Silver, Titanium,...
Coin Medal Ring Sterling Silver Woman White Diamond Ruby Pink Sapphire J Dauphin
By J DAUPHIN
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Cocktail Statement Coin Ring Woman 3 White Diamond 1 Ruby 5 Pink Sapphire J Dauphin
J DAUPHIN "Old Flame" ring with Woman and pink sapphire as breast
"Future is female"
Symbolize t...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
White Diamond, Ruby, Pink Sapphire, Silver, Sterling Silver
Snake Ring Sterling Silver Emerald Tanzanite Cocktail Statement J Dauphin
By J DAUPHIN
Located in Los Angeles, CA
2 Emeralds 2 Tanzanites Double Head Snake Cocktail Statement Ring Silver Open Adjustable J Dauphin
J DAUPHIN "You are inside of me"
This ring is open and tiny adjustable between si...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Tanzanite, Emerald, Silver
Silver Love Ring Orange Sapphire Open Adjustable Infinity Symbol J Dauphin
By J DAUPHIN
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Silver Love Ring Orange Sapphire Open Adjustable Infinity Symbol
J DAUPHIN "Truthfulness" made in Silver
Open Ring which is tiny adjustable between Us sizes 5-8
In modern mysticis...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Sapphire, Sterling Silver, Silver
Sapphire Jaguar Arm Cuff Bracelet Statement Bronze Animal Jewelry J Dauphin
By J DAUPHIN
Located in Los Angeles, CA
4 pcs white Sapphire Multi Head Jaguar Arm Cuff Bracelet Statement Bronze J Dauphin
J DAUPHIN "Holding you" in bronze
Hand made in Los Angeles
In Mayan mythology, the jaguar was se...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Sapphire, Bronze
Aquamarine Black Diamond Necklace Moon Star Gold Pendant Silver Chain J Dauphin
By J DAUPHIN
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Aquamarine Black Diamond Necklace Moon Star Gold Pendant Silver Chain J Dauphin
J Dauphin Made in 14k Gold with a Silver Chain holding aquamarines and black diamonds
The word “cre...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
Aquamarine, Black Diamond, Gold, Silver, Sterling Silver
White Diamond Emerald Heart Ruby Snake Ring Silver Cocktail Ring J Dauphin
By J DAUPHIN
Located in Los Angeles, CA
White Diamond Emerald Heart Ruby Snake Ring Silver Cocktail Ring J Dauphin
This ring has a big heart shaped ruby and emerald and white diamond eyes ( 2 snake heads )
J DAUPHIN Stat...
Category
2010s Art Nouveau Jewelry
Materials
White Diamond, Ruby, Emerald, Sterling Silver, Silver
Read More
Everything You’d Want to Know about Enamel Jewelry
From vibrant to subtle, elegant to cheeky, enamel jewelry encompasses a wide range of colors and styles, and there are almost as many techniques for creating these distinctive pieces.
What Makes Art Nouveau Jewelry So Collectible?
The first art and design movement of the 20th century was all about celebrating beauty of women and nature.