Skip to main content

Hourglass Sconces

Hourglass Sconce in Custom Brass Finishes and Colors
Located in Pound Ridge, NY
Geometric shapes and playful symmetry add up to our Hourglass sconce. Offered in three rich brass
Category

2010s North American Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Hourglass Sconce in Custom Brass Finishes and Colors
Hourglass Sconce in Custom Brass Finishes and Colors
$695 / item
H 9.5 in W 4 in D 4.5 in
Pair of Modern Italian Sconces Brass Vintage Design Stilnovo Style "Gold" ML141
By Stilnovo
Located in Ternay, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Pair of modern Italian "Gold" hourglass sconces made by our Italian artisan. Structure and shade in
Category

2010s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair Hourglass Shaped Chrome Wall Sconce, France, Europe, 1970s
By OTHR
Located in Rijssen, NL
High-end wall sconces, made in France, Europe, around 1970. The wall lights are made of lead
Category

Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Chrome

Pair of Hourglass Shaped Old Brass Wall Sconce, France, Europe, 1970s
By OTHR
Located in Rijssen, NL
High-end wall sconces, made in France, Europe, around 1970. The wall lights are made of lead
Category

Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Brass

Pair of Mid Century Modernist Polished Brass Hourglass Shield Form Sconces
By Philippe Hiquily
Located in New York, NY
This beautifully striking pair of Mid-Century Modernist Shield Form Sconces in Polished Brass
Category

Vintage 1960s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Black and White Etched Glass and Brass Hourglass Wall Lights 1950’s
Located in London, GB
Exceptional rare large hourglass wall sconces are designed with up and down light from the conical
Category

Vintage 1950s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass, Nickel

Double Cone Sconce
By Early Electrics Design Studio
Located in Peekskill, NY
We designed these double cone hourglass style sconces to work in the with Mid-Century Modern style
Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights an...

Materials

Brass

Double Cone Sconce
Double Cone Sconce
$475 / item
H 9 in W 4.5 in D 4.5 in
Brutalist Sconce by Marc Weinstein, USA 1960’s
By Marc Weinstein
Located in Lisboa, PT
. Crafted from iron, this striking sconce features hourglass-shaped metal pieces that have been meticulously
Category

Vintage 1960s American Brutalist Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Iron

Brutalist Sconce by Marc Weinstein, USA 1960’s
Brutalist Sconce by Marc Weinstein, USA 1960’s
$2,642 Sale Price
20% Off
H 25.2 in W 16.15 in D 9.45 in
Pair of Midcentury Rattan "Lantern" Sconces, Louis Sognot, France, 1960s
By Louis Sognot
Located in Roma, IT
produced in the 1960s in France and are attributed to Louis Sognot. hourglass shaped sconces were designed
Category

Vintage 1960s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Bamboo, Rattan

Pair of Mid-Century Rattan "Lantern" Sconces Attributed to Louis Sognot, 1960s
By Louis Sognot
Located in Roma, IT
Stunning pair of midcentury rattan "Lantern" wall lamps. These fantastic hourglass shaped sconces
Category

Vintage 1960s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Bamboo, Rattan

Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte, nine wall lamps white
By Fontana Arte, Bobo Piccoli
Located in Rovereta, Repubblica di San Marino
An exceptional and highly decorative set of nine wall sconces, Model ‘Hourglass’, designed by Bobo
Category

Vintage 1970s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Iron

Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte, nine wall lamps white
Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte, nine wall lamps white
$21,622 / set
H 19.69 in W 19.69 in D 2.37 in
Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte
By Bobo Piccoli, Fontana Arte
Located in Milano, IT
An exceptional and highly decorative set of six wall sconces, Model ‘Hourglass’, designed by Bobo
Category

Vintage 1970s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum

Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte
Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte
$14,414 / set
H 19.89 in W 19.89 in D 2.37 in
Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte, nine wall lamps white
Located in Milano, IT
An exceptional and highly decorative set of six wall sconces, Model ‘Hourglass’, designed by Bobo
Category

Vintage 1970s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum

Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte, nine wall lamps white
Bobo Piccoli Wall Light for Fontana Arte, nine wall lamps white
$21,622 / set
H 2.37 in W 19.89 in D 19.89 in
Set of Four Paavo Tynell Commissioned Scones in Perforated Brass, Taito, 1950s
By Taito Oy, Paavo Tynell
Located in Helsinki, FI
Congregation's main hall. The perforated brass hourglass-shaped sconces are a unique version of the rare 6204
Category

Vintage 1950s Finnish Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Recent Sales

Pair of Spun Aluminum Hourglass Sconces by Lightolier
Located in New York, NY
Pair of hourglass wall sconces in spun aluminum and steel by Lightolier, American 1955 These
Category

Vintage 1950s American Wall Lights and Sconces

1950s Mid-Century Modern Fontana Arte Hourglass Wall Sconces
By Pietro Chiesa, Fontana Arte
Located in Aci Castello, IT
Three brass and glass wall sconces made by Fontana Arte in the Fifties, great original vintage
Category

Mid-20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Large Murano Wall Sconces
Located in London, GB
Hourglass shape Murano wall sconces each with two clear bubble glass shades set in a brass frame.  
Category

Vintage 1980s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Large Murano Wall Sconces
Pair of Large Murano Wall Sconces
H 23.63 in W 7.88 in D 3.94 in
Pair of Gino Sarfatti Mid-Century Sconces
By Gino Sarfatti
Located in New York, NY
Gino Sarfatti (1912-1973). Pair of hourglass form sconces with perforations at waist. Polished
Category

Mid-20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Blue & Brass Sconces Italy 1960's
By Stilnovo
Located in London, GB
Pair of original Mid-Century Modern Italian ultramarine blue enameled aluminum and brass hourglass
Category

Vintage 1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass

Pair of Blue & Brass Sconces Italy 1960's
Pair of Blue & Brass Sconces Italy 1960's
H 7.88 in W 7.09 in D 9.45 in
Pair of 1950s Italian, Two-Tone Articulating Sconces
Located in Hanover, MA
Pair of 1950s Italian double cone sconces in hourglass form with brass collar and swivel joint
Category

Vintage 1950s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass

Mid-Century Modern Italian Red, Yellow, Green & Brass Sconces
By Stilnovo
Located in London, GB
Three original Mid-Century Modern Italian red yellow & green enameled aluminum & brass hourglass
Category

Vintage 1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass

Pair of French, Louis Philippe, Cast Brass Wall Sconces, ca. 1835
Located in Atlanta, GA
Each sconce having an hourglass shaped backplate with a protruding galleried bobeche, the
Category

Antique 1830s French Louis Philippe Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Mid-Century Modern Italian Red & Yellow Aluminum & Brass Diabolo Sconces
By Stilnovo
Located in London, GB
Pair of original Mid-Century Modern Italian red Y Yellow enameled aluminum and brass hourglass
Category

Vintage 1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass

Pair of Italian Wall Lamps by Venini in Pink Zanfirico Glass and Brass
By Venini
Located in Milano, IT
. The sconce has an hourglass shape where its magnificent glass takes shape through its interweaving
Category

Vintage 1950s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Hourglass Anodized Aluminum Sconces
By Kamro Champion Lighting
Located in New York, NY
Pair gold finish, aluminum hourglass, waisted form up and down light sconces. Classic Mid Century
Category

Vintage 1950s American Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum

Mid-Century Glass & Brass Hourglass Wall Light Sconces
By Lightolier, Paavo Tynell
Located in Las Vegas, NV
1950's glass hourglass Lightolier wall sconces. Attributed to Gerold Thurston design. Textured
Category

Mid-20th Century American Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Hourglass Shaped Wall Sconce, France, 1970s
By OTHR
Located in Rijssen, NL
High end wall sconces, made in France, Europe, around 1970. The wall lights are made of lead
Category

Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Brass

Pair Hourglass Shaped Chrome Wall Sconce, France, Europe, 1970s
By OTHR
Located in Rijssen, NL
High-end wall sconces, made in France, Europe, around 1970. The wall lights are made of lead
Category

Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Chrome

Pair of Hourglass Shaped Glass Brass Wall Sconce, France, 1970s
By OTHR
Located in Rijssen, NL
Pair of  High end wall sconces, made in France, Europe, around 1970. The wall lights are made of
Category

Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Brass

Pair of Hourglass Shaped Old Brass Wall Sconce, France, Europe, 1970s
By OTHR
Located in Rijssen, NL
High-end wall sconces, made in France, Europe, around 1970. The wall lights are made of lead
Category

Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Brass

1940s Fontana Arte Mid-Century Modern Brass and Glass Hourglass Wall Sconce
By Pietro Chiesa, Fontana Arte
Located in Aci Castello, IT
A single wall sconce made in Italy by Fontana Arte, the particular glass it's hand-crafted, brass
Category

Mid-20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Original Pair of 1950's Orange & Brass Wall Sconces
By Stilnovo
Located in London, GB
Pair of original Mid-Century Modern Italian orange enameled aluminum and brass hourglass shape
Category

Vintage 1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass

4 " Stokholm series " sconces by EJS Lighting
Located in Sleepy Hollow, NY
Set of 4 coated aluminum " hourglass " shaped iconic sconces from the 1959 " Stokholm line " from
Category

Vintage 1950s American Wall Lights and Sconces

Urban Archaeology Wall Sconce
By Urban Archaeology
Located in Oakland Park, FL
Urban archaeology hourglass wall sconce finished in polished nickel. Double light. 14“ H x 7” D x
Category

21st Century and Contemporary North American Art Deco Wall Lights and Sc...

Materials

Nickel

Urban Archaeology Wall Sconce
Urban Archaeology Wall Sconce
H 14 in W 7 in D 10 in

People Also Browsed

Exceptional Huge Sputnik Murano Glass and Brass Chandelier
Located in Berlin, BE
Exceptional huge Murano glass and brass Sputnik chandelier in the manner of Stilnovo. The chandelier has a very impressing size and is a real eye-catcher in every room. The light com...
Category

2010s Italian Hollywood Regency Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

Flower Crystal and Brass Wall Lights or Sconces by Ernst Palme, Germany
By Ernst Palme, Palwa
Located in Rijssen, NL
Two stunning gilt and crystal wall-mounted sconces by Ernst Palme, Germany, circa 1965-1975. These most luxurious of wall lights feature beautifully cut crystals in the form of flowe...
Category

Vintage 1960s German Hollywood Regency Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Gold, Brass

Set of French Bird Sconces. Sold Per Pair.
Located in New York, NY
A set of six circa 1960's French sconces with molded glass bird and leaves and gold leaf body. Sold in pairs. Measurements: Height: 17" Width: 9.5" Depth: 7"
Category

Vintage 1960s French Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Metal

Set of French Bird Sconces.  Sold Per Pair.
Set of French Bird Sconces.  Sold Per Pair.
$7,800 / set
H 17 in W 9.5 in D 7 in
Triedri Murano Glass and Brass Chandelier Attributed to Venini, Italy, 1960s
By Venini
Located in Wiesbaden, Hessen
A very elegant and large four - tiered Murano chandelier attributed to Venini. This fixture is made of 96 "Triedri" Murano glass in two different sizes hanging on four tiered metal ...
Category

Vintage 1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Metal, Brass

Antique French Coolie Glass Frill Brass Wall Task Kitchen Light
By French Opaline
Located in Stockbridge, GB
An early French glass frill coolie light. The shade is hand made from opaque glass with a clear pleated rim. The light has an aged brass gallery and wall fitting. Great as a task lig...
Category

Mid-20th Century French French Provincial Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Disderot Style Sconces by Lumfardo Luminaires
By Lumfardo Luminaires
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Sharp looking perforated sconces in the style of French designer Disderot. In perforated painted steel and brass. Can be wired for anywhere in the world. Light bulb included with ord...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights an...

Materials

Brass, Steel

Disderot Style Sconces by Lumfardo Luminaires
Disderot Style Sconces by Lumfardo Luminaires
$1,320 / item
H 12.5 in W 4 in D 4 in
French Art Deco Pendant Chandelier by Degue
By David Gueron Degue
Located in Long Island City, NY
Holiday Sale for a limited time...! A French Art Deco pendant chandelier by the French artist “Degue“. Clear frosted molded glass shade with intricate flowers and geometric polished ...
Category

Mid-20th Century French Art Deco Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Bronze

French Art Deco Pendant Chandelier by Degue
French Art Deco Pendant Chandelier by Degue
$1,490 Sale Price
33% Off
H 28 in Dm 15.75 in
Handcrafted English Side Drink Table
By SUM Furniture
Located in London, GB
Beautifully hand turned and handcrafted English sycamore/maple and walnut side table in the modernist design. The top surface has a pillowed ripple turned underside and the base a su...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary English Modern Side Tables

Materials

Sycamore, Walnut, Maple

Handcrafted English Side Drink Table
Handcrafted English Side Drink Table
$1,254 / item
H 18.9 in Dm 11.82 in
Modernist Round Pendant Light, Brushed Brass and Opaline Glass, Customizable
By GMD Berlin
Located in Berlin, DE
Modernist round pendant light made of brushed brass and opaline glass. Customizable, production time c. 10 weeks.
Category

2010s German Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

21st-Century, glass and crystal applique
By Oggetti D'Arte
Located in Calenzano, FI
1-light sconces ingolden brass and ribed clear glass, green crystal ball. Each object is handcrafted and the care for every detail makes each item unique in its kind. It can be comb...
Category

2010s Italian Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Crystal, Bronze

21st-Century, glass and crystal applique
21st-Century, glass and crystal applique
$1,471 / item
H 23.63 in W 3.94 in D 3.94 in
Pair of Art Dèco Style Italian Murano Glass and Brass Sconces
Located in Puglia, Puglia
Pair of Murano Glass and Brass Flush Mount Sconces with Art Deco Inspired Bezel, Timeless yet Elegant. Perfect for creating the perfect warm glow in any interior. Each sconce is wire...
Category

Early 2000s Italian Art Deco Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Brass

Pair of Art Dèco Style Italian Murano Glass and Brass Sconces
Pair of Art Dèco Style Italian Murano Glass and Brass Sconces
$3,003 / set
H 21.66 in W 5.71 in D 2.76 in
Serge Mouille pendant ceiling lamp "Bibliothèque" by Les Editions Serge Mouille.
By Serge Mouille
Located in London, GB
Ceiling lamp designed to illuminate bookshelf in libraries or artwork the pivoting lampshade works well alone or in grouped installations. Custom drop lengths to order.
Category

Vintage 1950s Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Aluminum

Swedish Designer, Chandelier, Brass, Glass, Sweden, 1940s
Located in High Point, NC
A brass and opaline glass chandelier designed and produced in Sweden, c. 1940s. Dimensions of Canopy: 2.25” H x 3.625” W x 3.625” D Stem length: 17”H Bulb Specifications:  E-26  ...
Category

Vintage 1940s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

1950s Jindrich Halabala Restored Armchair, Czechoslovakia
By Jindřich Halabala
Located in Praha, CZ
- Newly upholstered - The wooden parts have been refurbished - The seat height is 45cm
Category

Mid-20th Century Czech Mid-Century Modern Armchairs

Materials

Fabric, Wood

1950s Jindrich Halabala Restored Armchair, Czechoslovakia
1950s Jindrich Halabala Restored Armchair, Czechoslovakia
$1,081
H 31.89 in W 27.96 in D 32.68 in
Italian Chandelier in Brass with Murano Glass Shells, 1970s
Located in Antwerp, BE
Wonderful chandelier made in Italy with 12 beautiful characteristic Murano frosted glass shells on a brass base. Manufactured in the early 1970s. Very impressive large glass chandeli...
Category

Mid-20th Century Italian Hollywood Regency Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

Swedish Designer, Chandelier, Brass, Wood, Fabric, Sweden, 1940s
Located in High Point, NC
A brass, wood and off-white fabric chandelier designed and produced in Sweden, c. 1940s. Overall Dimensions (inches): 25” H x  16” Diameter Dimensions of Canopy:  2.5” H x 4” Diame...
Category

Vintage 1940s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Brass

Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Hourglass Sconces", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Hourglass Sconces For Sale on 1stDibs

At 1stDibs, there are several options of hourglass sconces available for sale. The range of distinct hourglass sconces — often made from metal, aluminum and glass — can elevate any home. There are 12 antique and vintage hourglass sconces for sale at 1stDibs, while we also have 10 modern editions to choose from as well. There are all kinds of hourglass sconces available, from those produced as long ago as the 20th Century to those made as recently as the 21st Century. mid-century modern and modern hourglass sconces are consistently popular styles. Antonio Citterio, Flos and Doria Leuchten Germany each produced beautiful hourglass sconces that are worth considering.

How Much are Hourglass Sconces?

The average selling price for at 1stDibs is $1,343, while they’re typically $670 on the low end and $11,718 highest priced.

A Close Look at Mid-century-modern Furniture

Organically shaped, clean-lined and elegantly simple are three terms that well describe vintage mid-century modern furniture. The style, which emerged primarily in the years following World War II, is characterized by pieces that were conceived and made in an energetic, optimistic spirit by creators who believed that good design was an essential part of good living.

ORIGINS OF MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGN

CHARACTERISTICS OF MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGN

MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGNERS TO KNOW

ICONIC MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGNS

VINTAGE MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE ON 1STDIBS

The mid-century modern era saw leagues of postwar American architects and designers animated by new ideas and new technology. The lean, functionalist International-style architecture of Le Corbusier and Bauhaus eminences Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius had been promoted in the United States during the 1930s by Philip Johnson and others. New building techniques, such as “post-and-beam” construction, allowed the International-style schemes to be realized on a small scale in open-plan houses with long walls of glass.

Materials developed for wartime use became available for domestic goods and were incorporated into mid-century modern furniture designs. Charles and Ray Eames and Eero Saarinen, who had experimented extensively with molded plywood, eagerly embraced fiberglass for pieces such as the La Chaise and the Womb chair, respectively. 

Architect, writer and designer George Nelson created with his team shades for the Bubble lamp using a new translucent polymer skin and, as design director at Herman Miller, recruited the Eameses, Alexander Girard and others for projects at the legendary Michigan furniture manufacturer

Harry Bertoia and Isamu Noguchi devised chairs and tables built of wire mesh and wire struts. Materials were repurposed too: The Danish-born designer Jens Risom created a line of chairs using surplus parachute straps for webbed seats and backrests.

The Risom lounge chair was among the first pieces of furniture commissioned and produced by celebrated manufacturer Knoll, a chief influencer in the rise of modern design in the United States, thanks to the work of Florence Knoll, the pioneering architect and designer who made the firm a leader in its field. The seating that Knoll created for office spaces — as well as pieces designed by Florence initially for commercial clients — soon became desirable for the home.

As the demand for casual, uncluttered furnishings grew, more mid-century furniture designers caught the spirit.

Classically oriented creators such as Edward Wormley, house designer for Dunbar Inc., offered such pieces as the sinuous Listen to Me chaise; the British expatriate T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings switched gears, creating items such as the tiered, biomorphic Mesa table. There were Young Turks such as Paul McCobb, who designed holistic groups of sleek, blond wood furniture, and Milo Baughman, who espoused a West Coast aesthetic in minimalist teak dining tables and lushly upholstered chairs and sofas with angular steel frames.

Generations turn over, and mid-century modern remains arguably the most popular style going. As the collection of vintage mid-century modern chairs, dressers, coffee tables and other furniture for the living room, dining room, bedroom and elsewhere on 1stDibs demonstrates, this period saw one of the most delightful and dramatic flowerings of creativity in design history.

Finding the Right Sconces-wall-lights for You

From the kitchen to the bedroom and everywhere in between, there is one major part of home decor that you definitely want to master: lighting. Carefully selected vintage sconces and wall lights can do wonders in establishing mood and highlighting your distinctive personality.

We’re a long way from the candelabra-inspired chandeliers of the medieval era. Lighting is no longer merely practical, and lighting designers have been creating and reinventing lighting solutions for eons. Because of the advancements crafted by these venturesome makers, we now have the opportunity to bring unique, customizable lighting solutions into our homes.

It’s never been easier to create dramatic bedrooms, cozy kitchen areas and cheerful bars than it is today. Think of an elegant wall sconce as functional and as a work of art, adding both light and style to your hallways, whimsical kids’ rooms and elsewhere.

When choosing a lighting solution, first determine what your needs are: Will you opt for a moody or a bright feel? The room that will serve as your home office will need adequate lighting — think “the brighter, the better” for this particular setting.

For the bedroom, bedside wall lamps with warm-temperature bulbs instead of bedside table lamps could be the way to go to induce a sense of calm or intimacy. Try to match the style of the wall light or sconce that you’re installing to the overall design scheme of your room. It’s never “just a light.” You should approach the lighting of a room with a mindset that is one part practical and one part aesthetics-driven.

Let 1stDibs help you set the mood with the right antique and vintage wall lights and sconces for your home. Our collection includes every kind of fixture, from sculptural works by Austrian craftsman J.T. Kalmar to chic industrial-style wall sconces, from adjustable painted aluminum wall lamps designed by Artemide to a wide variety of minimalist mid-century modern masterpieces.