Faye Kim Platinum Diamond Martini Bezel Stud Earrings
By Faye Kim
Located in Darien, CT
Faye Kim's Platinum Diamond Martini Bezel Stud Earrings, with their clean, modern setting and matte
2010s American Contemporary Stud Earrings
Diamond, Platinum
Faye Kim Platinum Diamond Martini Bezel Stud Earrings
By Faye Kim
Located in Darien, CT
Faye Kim's Platinum Diamond Martini Bezel Stud Earrings, with their clean, modern setting and matte
Diamond, Platinum
Old European Cut Diamond Bezel Set Hanging Earrings Platinum
Located in New York, NY
These exquisite diamond earrings showcase two bezel-set old European cut diamonds in each earring
Diamond, Platinum
Peter Suchy 1.63 Carat Diamond Bezel Platinum Stud Earrings
By Peter Suchy
Located in Stamford, CT
2 Old mine bezel set brilliant cut diamonds, 1.63 carat diamonds from a 1900's estate. The settings
Diamond, Platinum
Old European Cut Diamond Bezel Set Stud Earrings 0.80ct Platinum
Located in New York, NY
, each diamond is secured in a classic bezel setting. The earrings are fitted with comfortable push-back
Diamond, Platinum
Old European Cut Diamond Bezel Set Stud Earrings 0.40ct Platinum
Located in New York, NY
. The platinum bezel setting enhances the diamonds’ brilliance while giving the studs a refined, modern
Diamond, Platinum
Old European Cut Diamond Bezel Set Stud Earrings 2ct Platinum
Located in New York, NY
A stunning pair of diamond stud earrings showcasing two Old European cut diamonds with a combined
Diamond, Platinum
Old European Cut Diamond Bezel Set Stud Earrings 0.45ct Platinum
Located in New York, NY
addition to any jewelry collection. The platinum bezel setting not only secures each diamond but also
Diamond, Platinum
3.58 Carat Old European Cut Diamond Bezel Platinum Dangle Earrings
Located in Stamford, CT
bezel platinum dangle earrings. Set with 4 bright old European cut diamonds which are connected together
Diamond, Platinum
$3,998
H 1.8 in W 0.72 in
Vintage Platinum 7.1ctw Bezel Sapphire & Diamond Mosaic Drop Dangle Earrings
Located in Montclair, NJ
Style Cut - Milgrain Bezel Set - Nice Blue Color - 1.40-1.80ctw (approx.) (72) Natural Genuine Diamonds
Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum
Cushion Cut Diamond Two Stone Bezel Set Jacket Earrings 6.08ct Platinum
Located in New York, NY
"A striking pair of diamond earrings crafted in platinum, showcasing exceptional sparkle and
Diamond, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Faye Kim Platinum Diamond Quad Bezel Drops
By Faye Kim
Located in Darien, CT
Faye Kim's Platinum Diamond Quad Bezel Drops, with their matte finish and granulation bead drop
Diamond, Platinum
GIA 1.99 Carat Old Mine Brilliant Cut Diamond Bezel Stud Platinum Earrings
Located in Stamford, CT
Two GIA certified old mine brilliant cut diamonds in simple handmade platinum bezel settings. 1
Diamond, Platinum
Old European Cut Diamond Two Stone Bezel Jack Earrings 1.88ct Platinum
Located in New York, NY
sophisticated bezel setting. The focal point of each earring is a stunning old European cut diamond, with the
Diamond, Platinum
Karl Faberge Six Stone Bezel-Set Diamond Drop Earrings
By Karl Fabergé
Located in Scottsdale, AZ
Platinum & Rose Gold SI2/H Average 2x 4mm 8x 3.5mm 2x 5.5mm SI1/H 2x 1mm
Diamond, Rose Gold, Platinum
Bezel Diamond 14K (or 18k upon request) Yellow Gold Threader Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The Bezel Diamond 14K Yellow Gold Threader Earrings feature radiant natural diamonds that cascade
14k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Fancy Yellow Oval Diamond 1.60 tcw Earrings Bezel Set in 18kt Yellow Gold Plat
Located in San Diego, CA
Fancy Diamond Oval Earrings Style: Bezel - Set with Micro Pave Diamond Halo Metal: 18kt Yellow
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Bezel Set Diamonds 14K (or 18k upon request) Gold Huggie Hoop Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The Bezel Set Diamonds 14K Gold Huggie Hoop Earrings feature natural diamonds set in a stunning
Gold, 14k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Platinum
Bezel Diamond Link 14K (or 18k upon request) Yellow Gold Drop Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The Bezel Diamond Link 14K Yellow Gold Drop Earrings are crafted in 14K gold, featuring natural
14k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Gold Chain Bezel 14K (or 18k upon request) Gold Round Diamond Drop Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The Gold Chain Bezel 14K Gold Round Diamond Drop Earrings are crafted in 14K yellow gold, featuring
Gold, 14k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Platinum
$12,900 / item
Bezel Set 18K Yellow Gold Round Brilliant Stud Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Classic meets contemporary in these Bezel Set Round Brilliant Stud Earrings, beautifully crafted in
Diamond, 18k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Bubble Bezel Diamond 14K (or 18k upon request) Yellow Gold Huggie Hoop Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The Bubble Bezel Diamond 14K Yellow Gold Huggie Hoop Earrings are a delicate blend of elegance and
14k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Bubble Bezel 14K (or 18k upon request) Yellow Gold Diamond Half Hoop Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The Bubble Bezel 14K Yellow Gold Diamond Half Hoop Earrings feature a captivating blend of luxury
14k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Diamond Huggie 14K (or 18k upon request) Yellow Gold Bezel Set Hoop Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The Diamond Huggie 14K Yellow Gold Bezel Set Hoop Earrings feature dazzling natural full-cut
14k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Unavailable
W 0.32 in D 0.12 in L 0.71 in
2 carat face up Bezel set emerald piecut diamond suspended on a gold ring
Located in Khet Bang Rak, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon
This pair of earrings is made with 1.10 carat diamonds in composite setting giving a look of 4
Diamond, 14k Gold, 18k Gold, Platinum
Bezel Set 1.92 Carat European Cut Diamond Earrings in Platinum
Located in Boston, MA
A beautiful pair of diamond earrings in luxurious platinum. Featuring a center bezel set antique
Diamond, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Peter Suchy Pear Shaped Diamond Platinum Bezel Dangle Earrings
By Peter Suchy
Located in Stamford, CT
Peter Suchy Jewelers handmade pear shaped dangle earrings in Platinum simple bezel settings. 2
Diamond, Platinum
Diamond Ruby Platinum Round Cut Bezel Halo Stud Earrings
Located in Miami, FL
Take a stroll to Downton Abbey with these deco-style Estate Diamond Ruby Platinum round Cut Bezel
Diamond, Ruby, Platinum
Modern Platinum Bezel Set of Diamond Ear Climber Earrings
Located in Boca Raton, FL
These modern diamond ear climbers are fashioned in platinum. The 50 round brililant cut diamonds
White Diamond, Platinum
Round Brilliant Ideal Cut Diamond Platinum Bezel Set Drop Earrings
By Steven Fox Jewelry
Located in Greenwich, CT
ideal cut diamond drop earrings fit those descriptions perfectly. Destined to be an heirloom, the
White Diamond, Platinum
Edwardian Era Platinum Bezel Set Diamond & Pearl Dangle Earrings
Located in Montgomery, AL
It is so hard to find vintage earrings like these!! We love the combination of diamonds & pearls
Diamond, Pearl, Gold, 14k Gold, White Gold, Platinum
Antique Platinum 0.82ctw Old European Diamond Milgrain Bezel Set Stud Earrings
Located in Montclair, NJ
Here we have an outstanding pair of classically styled diamond stud earrings. They feature a pair
Diamond, Platinum
Antique Art Deco Platinum 1.16ctw Old European Cut Bezel Diamond Stud Earrings
Located in Montclair, NJ
Here we have an outstanding pair of antique diamond stud earrings that were crafted from solid
Diamond, Platinum
Antique Art Deco Platinum 1.16ctw Old European Cut Bezel Diamond Stud Earrings
Located in Montclair, NJ
Here we have an outstanding pair of antique diamond stud earrings that were crafted from solid
Diamond, Platinum
Diamond Halo Bezel Set Stud Earrings
Located in San Francisco, CA
Platinum earrings feature two round brilliant cut diamonds weighing 1.60cttw bezel set in halos
Diamond, Platinum
Sold
H 0.95 in W 0.57 in
Vintage Platinum Round Bezel Diamond French Cut Ruby Halo Drop Dangle Earrings
Located in Montclair, NJ
platinum. Each earring features an approximately 0.14 carats, round brilliant cut diamond that's bezel set
Diamond, Ruby, 18k Gold, Platinum
New Platinum 0.87ctw Round Old Mine Cut Diamond Milgrain Bezel Set Stud Earrings
Located in Montclair, NJ
Here we have an outstanding pair of classically styled diamond stud earrings newly crafted in solid
Diamond, Platinum
Bezel-Set Diamond Studs Platinum, circa 1990s, American
Located in Litchfield, CT
Circa 1990s, Platinum, American. These diamond stud earrings in platinum are bezel set for a chic
White Diamond, Platinum
2 Carats Old European Cut Diamonds Platinum Stud Earrings
Located in Miami, FL
bezel stud earrings. These exquisite diamonds, originating from the Art Deco period, have been
Diamond, Platinum
2.20 Carat Emerald Cut Diamond Emerald Platinum Halo Dangle Drop Earrings
Located in Miami, FL
Timeless Elegant Estate Diamond emerald Platinum Round Cut Bezel Halo Earrings! These earrings
Diamond, Emerald, Platinum
Bezel Set 18K Yellow Gold Round Brilliant Stud Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Classic meets contemporary in these Bezel Set Round Brilliant Stud Earrings, beautifully crafted in
Diamond, 18k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
1.36 Carat Diamond Platinum Bezel Set Stud Earrings
Located in Stamford, CT
Bezel set diamond stud earrings. 2 round brilliant cut diamonds totaling 1.00cts bezel set in
Diamond, Platinum
1.30 Carat Bezel-Set Diamond Platinum Stud Earrings
Located in Litchfield, CT
Circa 1920s, Platinum with 14k findings, American. These collet-set diamond earrings have a chic
Diamond, 14k Gold, Platinum
Diamond Ruby Platinum Round Cut Bezel Halo Stud Earrings
Located in Miami, FL
Take a stroll to Downton Abbey with these deco-style Diamond Ruby Platinum round Cut Bezel Halo
Diamond, Ruby, Platinum
Peter Suchy GIA Certified 1.65 Carat Diamond Bezel Stud Platinum Earrings
By Peter Suchy
Located in Stamford, CT
Peter Suchy Diamond Stud Earrings bezel set in platinum. Beautiful matched pair of bright sparkly
Diamond, Platinum
Tiffany & Co. Elsa Peretti Round Brilliant Diamond Platinum Bezel Stud Earrings
By Tiffany & Co.
Located in Tampa, FL
The perfect pair of every day diamond stud earrings by Tiffany & Co. / Elsa Peretti. The earrings
Diamond, Platinum
6.0ct Face Up Emerald Cut "Illusion" Pie-Cut Diamond Bezel Earrings 18k Platinum
Located in New York, NY
Timeless 18k & Platinum 6.0ct Face Up Solitaire Diamond Drop Earrings in Emerald Cut shape. One
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Brand New Platinum Diamond Studs, Bezel-Set with 0.50 carats Diamond
By Verma Group
Located in Hicksville, NY
In-house made Bezel-Set Platinum Diamond Studs, featuring 0.50 carat total diamonds. G color, VVS2
Diamond, Platinum
Sold
W 0.29 in D 0.69 in L 0.71 in
Tiffany & Co. 18K Gold & Diamond Etoile Hoops with Platinum Bezels, Circa 1990
By Tiffany & Co.
Located in Sherman Oaks, CA
are cleanly set in platinum bezels with exquisite tear-shaped backholes for maximum light exposure
Diamond, White Diamond, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Tiffany & Co. Elsa Peretti Diamond-by-the-Yard Bezel Set Stud Earrings
By Elsa Peretti for Tiffany & Co.
Located in New York, NY
Tiffany and Co. stud earrings by Elsa Peretti finely crafted in platinum with 2 round brilliant
Diamond, Platinum
Small Bezel-Set Diamond Hoop Earrings
Located in Greenwich, CT
Small hoop earrings, featuring bezel-set round brilliant-cut diamonds graduating from largest at
Diamond, Platinum
Bezel Set 2.15ct Diamond Earrings
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Platinum and gold lever back drop earrings with old european cut diamonds with a total weight of
Platinum
0.75 Carat Old European Cut Diamonds Set in Platinum Earrings
By Single Stone
Located in Los Angeles, CA
0.75ctw GH/VS old Mine cut diamonds set in platinum handcrafted bezel set earrings.
Diamond, Platinum
Art Deco Bezel Set .40 Carat Diamond Platinum Stud Earrings
Located in Boston, MA
platinum. Featuring a pair of beautiful VS clarity G/H color old European cut diamonds, these earrings
Diamond, Platinum
Handmade 2.10 Carat Bezel Set Old European Cut Diamonds Platinum Stud Earrings
Located in Boston, MA
luxurious platinum. Set with four perfectly matched old European cut diamonds, these earrings are entirely
Diamond, Platinum
Antique Ring 25ct natural Blue Sapphire solid 18K Gold Ø 4.75 US /9.6gr
Located in SE
Luxurious Antique Ring in Renaissance style, band and crown tested solid 18K Gold,not hallmarked, European, ca. XVIII - early XIX centuries. Huge cabochon of natural Light - Blue Sa...
Blue Sapphire, 18k Gold
$125,000
H 4.5 in Dm 5.75 in L 17 in
Elegant 18K White Gold, Turquoise and Diamond Encrusted Crown, Fit for a Queen
Located in Palm Beach, FL
This very important 18k white gold vintage crown is set with a total of exactly 60.08ct of round brilliant cut and baguette diamonds, and with thirty four panels of vintage turquoise...
Diamond, Turquoise, White Gold, 18k Gold
Antique Sapphire And Rose Cut Diamond Gold Earrings
Located in Cairo, EG
Antique earrings centered with navy blue colour sapphire in rose cut facets with a diameter of 9mm×8.5mm each flanked with several rose cut diamonds in earrings setting mix of 10k go...
Sapphire, 10k Gold
Art Deco Old Mine Diamond Engagement Platinum Ring
Located in New York, NY
Art Deco Old Mine Diamond Engagement Ring in Platinum A striking example of Art Deco elegance, this antique engagement ring features a luminous old mine-cut diamond set within an in...
Diamond, Platinum
$34,800Sale Price|20% Off
Vintage Victorian Style Apx 4.50 Carat Rose Cut Diamond Ring
Located in BEVERLY HILLS, CA
Vintage Victorian style rose cut diamond high jewelry ring. Center round rose cut diamond, approximately 4.50ct but faces up like a 5ct diamond. Approximately I/J color and VS clarit...
Diamond, Silver
$18,240Sale Price / set|20% Off
2 Carat E Color Old European Cut Diamond 18 Karat Gold Stud Earrings
By Rive Gauche Jewelry
Located in New York, NY
Two charming Old European Cut diamonds with a total weight of 2 carats have been set into these handcrafted 18 karat yellow gold bezel set mountings. The tops of the bezels have fine...
Diamond, 18k Gold
Custom Made 14k Yellow Gold 1.52 Carat Diamond Engagement Ring with Appraisal
Located in Eagan, MN
What a gorgeous and unique ring this is!! It is custom made so it truly is a one-of-a-kind ring. It is a size 6.25. I just love the asymmetrical design it has. It has a large Vint...
Diamond, 14k Gold, Yellow Gold
Tiffany & Co. 4.43 Carat GIA G SI1 Diamond Heart Necklace
By Tiffany & Co.
Located in New York, NY
Discover the world of Tiffany & Co. with this Diamond Heart Necklace, featuring a breathtaking 4.43 carat heart-shaped GIA certified diamond with G color and SI1 clarity which offers...
Diamond, Platinum
$7,840Sale Price|20% Off
4.96 Carat Green Beryl Square Radiant Cut Platinum Engagement Ring by Merkaba
By Merkaba
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
A refined platinum diamond engagement ring by Merkaba Jewelry Beverly Hills, centered by a natural green beryl weighing 4.96 carats in a square radiant cut. The vivid green hue is pa...
Diamond, White Diamond, Multi-gemstone, Green Beryl, Beryl, Platinum
$125,000
W 0.35 in D 0.28 in L 0.41 in
5 Ct Classic Burma Red Spinel – Rare Cushion-Cut Gemstone for Collectors
By Merkaba
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Rare 5 Carat Classic Burma Red Spinel Cushion-Cut Gemstone: A Treasure for Collectors and a Romantic Gift By Merkaba Beverly Hills. Unveiling an extraordinary gemstone of exceptiona...
Spinel, 18k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum
Victorian, 23.17 Carat Old Cushion Shape Diamond Earrings
Located in New York, NY
Stunning Victorian drop earrings! 36 gradual old European diamonds set in gold & silver in a circular shape & filigree workmanship, with estimated total weight of 8 carats Center di...
Diamond, 18k Gold, Sterling Silver
$60,000Sale Price|20% Off
Vintage Victorian Style Approximate 7.50 Carat Rose Cut Diamond Ring
Located in BEVERLY HILLS, CA
Vintage Victorian style rose cut diamond high jewelry ring. Center round rose cut diamond, approximately 7.50ct. Approximately I/J color and SI clarity. Bezel set, silver. Accommoda...
Diamond, Silver
3.65 Carat Elongated Cushion Diamond Engagement Ring
Located in Chicago, IL
This unique ring, boasts an approximate 3.65 carat elongated cushion cut diamond mounted in collet style claw prongs, in a beautiful flush setting. Perfect for the heirloom seeker! ...
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
$10,465Sale Price|30% Off
A Spectacular Large Siberian Amethyst and Diamond Pendant/Brooch, c. 1860
Located in Aspen, CO
Antique silver topped yellow gold brooch and pendant centering a gem quality natural approximately 22 ct. Siberian amethyst in a fancy octagonal shape. This stone, prong set, has an ...
Amethyst, Diamond, 14k Gold, Silver
EGL Certified 2.61 Carat Old Mine Diamond Yellow Gold Bezel Set Stud Earrings
Located in Stamford, CT
Old mine brilliant cut diamond stud earrings. 2 Old mine cut diamonds totaling 2.91cts, bezel tube set in 18k yellow gold settings. EGL has graded them as faint to very light yellow ...
Diamond, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Diamond Butterfly Brooch
Located in New Orleans, LA
This exceptional yellow gold butterfly brooch from the 1970s is adorned with round brilliant cut white, champagne and cognac diamonds, totaling approximately 35 carats. The retro bro...
Diamond, White Diamond, Ruby, 9k Gold, Yellow Gold
Antique diamond rings, diamond tiaras and dazzling vintage diamond earrings are on the wish lists of every lover of fine jewelry. And diamonds and diamond jewelry are primarily associated with storybook engagements and red-carpet grand entrances — indeed, this ultra-cherished gemstone has a dramatic history on its hands.
From “A Diamond Is Forever” to “Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend,” pop culture has ingrained in our minds that diamonds are the most desired, the most lasting and the most valuable gemstone. But what makes the diamond so special? Each stone — whether it’s rubies, sapphires or another stone — is unique and important in its own right. April babies might claim diamonds for themselves, but just about everyone wants this kind of sparkle in their lives!
There are several factors that set diamonds apart from other stones, and these points are important to our gem education.
Diamonds are minerals. They are made up of almost entirely of carbon (carbon comprises 99.95 percent; the remainder consists of various trace elements). Diamonds are the hardest gemstones, ranking number 10 on the Mohs Hardness Scale. Even its name, diamond, is rooted in the Greek adamas, or unconquerable. The only object that can scratch a diamond is another diamond. Diamonds are formed deep within the earth at very high temperatures (1,652–2,372 degrees Fahrenheit at depths between 90 and 120 miles beneath the earth’s surface) and are carried up by volcanic activity. Diamonds are quite rare, according to the Gemological Institute of America, and only 30 percent of all the diamonds mined in the world are gem quality.
In the 1950s, the Gemological Institute of America developed the 4Cs grading system to classify diamonds: clarity, color, cut and carat weight. Not all diamonds are created equal (there are diamonds, and then there are diamonds). The value of the diamond depends on the clarity (flawless diamonds are very rare but a diamond's value decreases if there are many blemishes or inclusions), color (the less color the higher the grade), cut (how the diamond’s facets catch the light, certain cuts of diamonds show off the stone better than others) and carat weight (the bigger, the better).
When you start shopping for a diamond engagement ring, always prioritize the cut, which plays the largest role in the diamond's beauty (taking the time to clean your diamond ring at least every six months or so plays a role in maintaining said beauty). And on 1stDibs, a range of buying guides can be found for those in the market for antique engagement rings, vintage engagement rings or Art Deco engagement rings.
Shop antique and vintage diamond rings, diamond necklaces and other extraordinary diamond jewelry on 1stDibs.
In the United States, ear piercing didn’t really become popular until the 1950s and ‘60s, but our desire for a dazzling pair of vintage earrings has deeper roots than that. In fact, wearing earrings actually goes back thousands of years, and you can find many tangible connections between now and then in how we continue to talk about these treasured accessories.
Women wore ornamental earrings — studs and hoops at the very least — in Ancient Egypt, which is home to mines that are among the earliest sources of emeralds in the world. Emerald earrings are highly prized today, and their quality lies in their rich, saturated color. The highest-quality emeralds are green or bluish-green. Earrings worn by the affluent in early Roman civilizations were set with precious stones such as diamonds and pearls, and a clean-looking pop of pearl on the front of the lobe is as timeless as ever. Hoop earrings are imbued with symbolism and cultural significance for many, and on view in the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Ancient Near Eastern Art Gallery is a pair of simple gold hoops from Mesopotamia dating to between 2600 and 2500 B.C.
Today, ear piercing is very popular all over the world, and, as a result, it is difficult to overstate how much everyone pines for a good pair of earrings — modernist drop earrings, glamorous Victorian hoops, geometrically complex chandelier earrings, you name it. Sure, jewelry trends and the fashion darlings of social media come and go, but earrings have a staying power that seems impenetrable: The still-strong love affair between British royals and Cartier earrings is more than a century old, glossy 1970s hoops from legacy houses such as Bulgari and Van Cleef & Arpels remain the statement makers they’ve always been and although people have been stacking earrings for many moons, the allure of an expertly mismatched stack of charms and studs still feels fresh and new.
While there is no shortage of modern earring designs to choose from, the classics, like coral earrings, Art Deco–style earrings and diamond drop earrings are still heavy hitters. On 1stDibs, find a wide range of antique, new and vintage earrings today.
Someone wanted to “modernize” the Jean Schlumberger for Tiffany & Co. masterworks, but Mahnaz Collection came to their rescue. Here, the dealer explains precisely why they’re such an extraordinary find.
From cameos to cigar bands, here are the looks on our radar this season.
The mismatched, multiple-earring look may have started with fashion jewelry, but A-list fans have taken it to the next level.
From buttons to chandeliers, here are the top styles to get or give in 2020.
Organic shapes, surprising textures, shimmering colors and inventive embellishments take the new generation of pearl jewelry from classic to cutting-edge.
Soak up the pleasures of the season with a these bold gems.
The classic circle has appeared in countless variations over the centuries.