How do I identify Art Deco?

To identify Art Deco, look for the characteristics of the period. Furniture produced at the time is generally lacquered metal with a mirror-like glossy finish. Wooden items should be an exotic wood. Most items feature symmetrical designs, and geometric forms were popular motifs during the period. In addition, Art Deco often shows the influence of Hellenistic, Egyptian and Asian designs. Shop a variety of Art Deco furniture and decorative objects on 1stDibs.

What was Art Deco influenced by?

Art Deco was influenced by a number of things. The discovery of ancient tombs around the turn of the century led to a renewed interest in Egyptian furniture and architecture that inspired Art Deco designers. Art Deco was also informed by Cubism, Futurism, Louis XVI style, De Stijl, modernism and the Vienna Secession. Shop a large collection of Art Deco furniture, decorative objects and jewelry on 1stDibs.

When did Art Deco originate?

The Art Deco period originated in France. Its name comes from the title of a large decorative arts exhibition held in Paris in 1925, credited with introducing the style to the world. It was informed by ancient Egypt, Cubism, Futurism, Louis XVI, De Stijl, modernism and the Vienna Secession and went on to influence the Streamline Moderne and mid-century modern movements. Shop a wide range of Art Deco furniture, decorative objects and jewelry on 1stDibs.

What is the history of Art Deco?

The history of Art Deco begins in the early 20th century.Art Deco emerged as a global design style around the start of World War I, during the last years of Art Nouveau's popularity. The style conjures visions of the Roaring Twenties, Machine Age metropolises, vast ocean liners, sleek typography and Prohibition-era hedonism. Its hallmarks include the use of geometric designs influenced by Cubism. Major discoveries of Egyptian tombs during the era also influenced the movement.The term Art Deco derives from the name of a large decorative arts exhibition, the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, held in Paris in 1925. After World War II, tastes shifted toward more functional, less ornate modernism, but today, the Art Deco style is still favored for its luxurious sophistication. On 1stDibs, shop a large selection of vintage Art Deco furniture.

What is an Art Deco lamp?

An Art Deco lamp is any lamp that’s made in the styles of the Art Deco movement, which was dominant in the 1920s and 1930s. On 1stDibs, you’ll find a collection of Art Deco lamps from some of the world’s top sellers.

What is art deco ring?

Art Deco rings were made during the early 20th century. Named for a design movement that originated at a large decorative arts exhibition held in Paris in 1925, Art Deco rings are generally quite geometric, symmetrical and incorporate a variety of gemstones — especially sapphires and emeralds. Find a wide variety of Art Deco rings for sale on 1stDibs.

What defines Art Deco?

A few things define Art Deco. Date is one factor, as the style emerged in the 1920s and remained popular during the 1930s. Art Deco design usually includes bold geometric lines and forms or intricate repeating floral motifs. Designers working in this style tended to use expensive materials, such as shagreen or marble, as well as exotic woods like mahogany, ebony and zebra wood. Furniture often featured metal accents, mirrored finishes and embellishments made from exotic animal hides and inlays of mother-of-pearl or ivory. Shop a wide range of Art Deco furniture on 1stDibs.

What is an art deco watch?

An art deco watch is defined by its geometric case, which is either circular or rectangular. The watch style was highly popular between 1920 and 1950, and is still sought after today. You’ll find a collection of art deco watches from some of the world’s top sellers on 1stDibs

What is art deco jewelry?

Art Deco jewelry was popular during the design movement of the 1920s and 30s. Art Deco jewelry is typically characterized by geometric patterns and gemstones of contrasting colors.

What is the difference between Art Nouveau and Art Deco?

The main difference between Art Nouveau and Art Deco is that the former is detailed and ornate, and the latter is sharp and geometrical. When the movement started at the end of the 19th century, Art Nouveau was heavily influenced by nature and the curved lines of flowers. Art Deco, which became popular in the beginning of the 20th century, was inspired by the geometric abstraction of cubism.

How do I know if my ring is Art Deco?

To know if a ring is Art Deco, examine its style. The Art Deco period, encompassing the 1920s and ’30s, ushered in a very distinct look in the design of jewelry. Makers often incorporated geometric motifs in jewelry designs. Materials may also provide a clue about the era of the piece. Platinum, rubies, sapphires and emeralds were some of the most common precious metals and gemstones used at the time. Keep in mind that there are many convincing reproductions of Art Deco rings and other high-quality pieces inspired by originals. As a result, you may wish to have a certified appraiser or expert within the field of antique jewelry design to evaluate the ring. Shop a selection of Art Deco rings on 1stDibs.

How do I identify Art Deco furniture?

To identify Art Deco furniture, first look for maker's markings in inconspicuous areas. Once you've found them, use trusted online resources to research the manufacturer and determine whether they were active during the Art Deco era, which spanned from the 1920s through the 1930s. You can also look for classic characteristics of Art Deco furniture, such as bold geometric lines and forms, intricate floral motifs, metal accents, mirrored finishes and fine materials such as shagreen, marble, mahogany wood, zebra wood, ebony, exotic animal hides, onyx and mother-of-pearl. A certified appraiser or knowledgeable antiques dealer can also assist you with making identifications. Shop a collection of Art Deco furniture on 1stDibs.

Is Art Deco jewelry valuable?

Yes, some Art Deco jewelry is valuable. Jewelry from the 1920s and ’30s has remained consistently popular. It experienced a major revival in the 1960s, and even today, jewelry makers continue to be inspired by the period. As a result, demand for Art Deco jewelry is typically high, but the actual value of a piece depends on its style, maker, age and condition. A certified appraiser or experienced antiques dealer can help you determine how much your jewelry is worth. Explore a large selection of Art Deco jewelry on 1stDibs.

How was Art Deco furniture made?

Art Deco furniture was largely made by hand. Crafters often employed exotic hardwood like zebra wood, rosewood and Macassar ebony. Many pieces had a polished Japanese lacquer finish, which gave a high-gloss shine to the wood. On 1stDibs, shop a variety of Art Deco furniture.

What are Art Deco engagement rings?

Art Deco engagement rings are accessories that were produced during the 1920s and '30s and are characterized by details associated with the Art Deco style. They're often very colorful and feature bold geometric lines as well as gemstones cut in nontraditional ways. While the style got its name from an arts exhibition in Paris in 1925, Art Deco was inspired by Cubism and a shift from Art Nouveau's floral aesthetic. The modern look of Art Deco engagement rings reflects an evolution in fashion, visual art and more, as well as the sweeping societal changes taking hold at the time. On 1stDibs, shop a range of vintage Art Deco engagement rings.

What are art deco lamps made of?

Art deco lamps come in a variety of shapes, sizes and styles. Vintage art deco-style lamps were made of natural materials such as metal, glass and pottery. You’ll find a variety of art deco lamps from some of the world’s top sellers on 1stDibs.

Was Eileen Gray Art Deco?

The answer to whether Eileen Gray's designs were Art Deco depends on which piece you're considering. Gray was ever-evolving as a designer. By the early 1920s, she was creating geometric works that embodied the essence of Art Deco and the nascent modernist design movement. Some pieces, like her Bricks screen, employ the planar forms favored by Gerrit Rietveld and other De Stijl architects of the Netherlands. Others feature the tubular chrome framing used by Marcel Breuer and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who are associated with the mid-century modern design style. On 1stDibs, shop a variety of Eileen Gray furniture.

Is Toulouse-Lautrec Art Deco?

The work of French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec falls into the Art Nouveau style, which was prevalent approximately during the period of 1890-1910. Following the Art Nouveau period was the Art Deco era, which is usually defined as the era between 1920 and 1930. Toulouse-Lautrec died in 1901 putting his art in the era of Art Nouveau, but certain aspects of it definitely hint at the coming Art Deco style considering the definite overlap of the two movements. On 1stDibs, find a variety of original artwork from top artists.

What is the difference between Art Deco and MCM?

The difference between Art Deco and mid-century modern (MCM) is that the terms describe two distinct design styles. Art Deco typically refers to pieces produced between the 1920s and 1930s. Furniture produced in this style tends to display bold geometric lines and forms, floral motifs, metal accents, shimmering mirrored finishes and embellishments made from exotic animal hides, inlays of mother-of-pearl or ivory. MCM, or mid-century modern, emerged after World War II. Organically shaped, clean-lined and elegantly simple are three terms that well describe vintage mid-century modern furniture. Designers working in this style frequently used industrial materials, including steel, fiberglass, molded plywood, and alluring woods such as teak, rosewood and oak. Explore a wide variety of Art Deco and mid-century modern furniture on 1stDibs.

Majolica Art Deco

Rare Majolica

Ginori Majolica

Majolica Sarreguemines

Goldscheider Terracotta

Antique Majolica Vase

Green Majolica

Eichwald Majolica

Majolica Oyster Plates

Category

Vintage 1920s German Art Deco Platters and Serveware

Materials

Ceramic

Art Deco Majolica Schramberg 3 plates Lily of the Valley

H 0.79 in Dm 7.88 in

Art Deco Bauhaus Liqueur Set by Eva Zeizel for Schramberg Majolica, 1930s

By Eva Zeisel, Schramberg Majolica

Located in BARCELONA, ES

The Art Deco Bauhaus Liqueur Set by Eva Zeisel for Schramberg Majolica, a treasure from the 1930s

Category

Vintage 1930s German Art Deco Ceramics

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Art Deco Bauhaus Liqueur Set by Eva Zeizel for Schramberg Majolica, 1930s

H 8.47 in W 7.09 in D 5.12 in

octagonal art deco BOWL footed bowl schramberg majolika 1920s hand-painted decor

By Schramberg Majolica

Located in Mannheim, DE

Octagonal footed bowl from the 1920s. Schramberger Majolica Manufactory. Inscribed 'Schramberg hand

Category

Vintage 1920s German Art Deco Serving Bowls

Materials

Majolica

octagonal art deco BOWL footed bowl schramberg majolika 1920s hand-painted decor

H 5.52 in W 9.06 in D 9.06 in

Art Deco Blue Ceramic Majolique Mantel Clock Set

By Wasmuel Majolica

Located in Lisbon, PT

A belgian Art Deco blue ceramic Majolique mantel clock set by Manufacturer Faïencerie de la

Category

20th Century Belgian Art Deco Mantel Clocks

Materials

Metal

Art Deco Blue Ceramic Majolique Mantel Clock Set

H 6.3 in W 8.67 in D 2.09 in

Art Deco Italian Majolica Centerpiece

Located in Kilmarnock, VA

Beautiful Art Deco Italian Majolica Centerpiece that uses 16th-17th century motifs but in a more

Category

Vintage 1920s Italian Art Deco Decorative Bowls

Materials

Earthenware

Art Deco Italian Majolica Centerpiece

H 6.5 in W 11 in D 6.25 in

Roberto Rosati, Italian Futuristic Art Deco Majolica Wall Plate, ca. 1930s

By Roberto Rosati

Located in New York, NY

This large and stunningly beautiful hand-painted futuristic Art-Deco majolica wall plate by famous

Category

Vintage 1930s Italian Futurist Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic

Roberto Rosati, Italian Futuristic Art Deco Majolica Wall Plate, ca. 1930s

H 1.5 in Dm 18.5 in

Bauhaus Era Ceramic Bonsai Planter by Eva Zeisel Schramberg Art Deco Avantgarde

By Schramberg Majolica, Eva Zeisel

Located in Bad Säckingen, DE

features a striking and vibrant constructivist pattern typical of Zeisel's avant-garde Art Deco work. The

Category

Vintage 1920s German Art Deco Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Bauhaus Era Ceramic Bonsai Planter by Eva Zeisel Schramberg Art Deco Avantgarde

H 3.27 in W 9.34 in D 6.11 in

Centerpiece / Centrepiece, Bowl, Majolica, Eichwald, Art Deco, 1920, Bohemia

By Eichwald

Located in Wien, AT

Huge pure Art Deco Centerpiece from the famous manufacturer Eichwald. This exceptional piece is

Category

Vintage 1920s Czech Art Deco Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Centerpiece / Centrepiece, Bowl, Majolica, Eichwald, Art Deco, 1920, Bohemia

H 12.01 in W 8.07 in D 8.07 in

Charles Lemanceau French Art Deco Borzoi Greyhound Couple, 1930s Majolica

By Saint-Clément, Charles Lemanceau

Located in Bad Säckingen, DE

distinctly Art Deco, with its stylized, geometric form and smooth, flowing lines that emphasize the elegance

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Animal Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Charles Lemanceau French Art Deco Borzoi Greyhound Couple, 1930s Majolica

H 6.38 in W 16.93 in D 1.97 in

Italian Art Deco Tea Set by Richard Ginori in White and Tiffany Green Majolica

By Giovanni Gariboldi, Richard Ginori

Located in Roma, IT

acquired it in 2013. This tea set is made of white enamelled majolica decorated with hand-painted Tiffany

Category

Vintage 1930s Art Deco Tea Sets

Materials

Majolica

Italian Art Deco Tea Set by Richard Ginori in White and Tiffany Green Majolica

H 7.88 in W 22.05 in D 22.05 in

Porcelain Majolica Parrot Wall Pocket Circa 1920

Located in Austin, TX

Porcelain Majolica Parrot Wall Pocket Circa 1920.

Category

Vintage 1920s French Art Deco Decorative Art

Materials

Porcelain

Porcelain Majolica Parrot Wall Pocket Circa 1920

H 8 in W 5.3 in D 2.7 in

Art Deco Antique Majolica Basket Rörstrand Sweden A Late 19th century

By Rörstrand

Located in Uppsala , SE

Art Deco Antique Majolica Rörstrand Sweden 1880s A small majolica basket for some candy or nuts

Category

Antique 1880s Swedish Art Deco Ceramics

Materials

Ceramic

Art Deco Antique Majolica Basket Rörstrand Sweden A Late 19th century

H 5.12 in

Longchamp French Art Ceramic Majolica Oyster Set, 1920

By Longchamp

Located in Saint-Amans-des-Cots, FR

French art ceramic Majolica oyster set by Longchamp (Côte d'or), France, 1920s. Set composed of a

Category

Vintage 1920s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Longchamp French Art Ceramic Majolica Oyster Set, 1920

H 1.19 in Dm 13 in

Art Deco Wall Plata Karlsruhe Majolika Gustav Heinkel "Antelopes"

By Gustav Heinkel, Majolica Manufactory of Karlsruhe

Located in Vienna, AT

Very large Majolica wall plate of the Karlsruher ceramics tradition manufactory, probably circa

Category

Vintage 1930s German Art Deco Pottery

Materials

Ceramic

Art Deco Wall Plata Karlsruhe Majolika Gustav Heinkel "Antelopes"

H 2.37 in Dm 17.72 in

Important Art Deco Tile Panel with Nude on Horseback

By Majolica Manufactory of Karlsruhe

Located in Philadelphia, PA

This rare majolica tile panel, produced by the important Karlsruhe manufactory in southwest Germany

Category

Early 20th Century German Wall-mounted Sculptures

Important Art Deco Tile Panel with Nude on Horseback

H 10.25 in W 11 in D 0.75 in

Gaudin French Majolica Horse

By Atelier Primavera au Printemps, Jean Gaudin

Located in Queens, NY

French 1940s Majolica stylized horse with extended legs & head arched towards back in pale blue

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Animal Sculptures

Materials

Majolica

Gaudin French Majolica Horse

H 9.5 in W 18.5 in D 3.5 in

20th Century Majolica Floral Charger

Located in Miami, FL

A fine and very decorative 20th century French Barbotine style majolica floral art charger or plate

Category

Early 20th Century French Art Deco Platters and Serveware

Materials

Majolica

20th Century Majolica Floral Charger

H 0.63 in Dm 13.5 in

Majolica Sarreguemines Fruit Pitcher, circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Rare Majolica fruit pitcher (cherries, strawberries, white currants, plums) signed Sarreguemines

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Pitchers

Materials

Majolica

Majolica Sarreguemines Fruit Pitcher, circa 1930

H 4.9 in W 5 in D 6 in

French Majolica Oyster Plate Bavent, circa 1920

By Bavent

Located in Austin, TX

Large French Majolica oyster plate signed TN Bavent, circa 1920. Diameter / 10.5 inches. Rustic

Category

Vintage 1920s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic, Faience, Majolica

French Majolica Oyster Plate Bavent, circa 1920

H 1.5 in Dm 10.5 in

French Majolica Oyster Plate Bavent, circa 1920

By Bavent

Located in Austin, TX

Large French Majolica oyster plate signed TN Bavent, circa 1920. Diameter / 10.5 inches. Rustic

Category

Vintage 1920s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic, Faience, Majolica

French Majolica Oyster Plate Bavent, circa 1920

H 1.5 in Dm 10.5 in

French Majolica Oyster Plate Bavent, circa 1920

By Bavent

Located in Austin, TX

Large French Majolica oyster plate signed TN Bavent, circa 1920. Vibrant emerauld green colors

Category

Vintage 1920s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic, Faience, Majolica

French Majolica Oyster Plate Bavent, circa 1920

H 1.5 in Dm 10.5 in

A Green Majolica Fish Saucer by Sarreguemines, Mid 20th Century

By Sarreguemines

Located in ARMADALE, VIC

A Green Majolica Fish Saucer by Sarreguemines, Circa 1930 Provenance: Private Australian

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Serving Pieces

Materials

Majolica

A Green Majolica Fish Saucer by Sarreguemines, Mid 20th Century

H 4.73 in W 9.65 in D 3.55 in

Majolica Yellow Shell Oyster Platter Sarreguemines Circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Majolica Yellow Shell Oyster Platter Sarreguemines Circa 1930. The platter have 12 shells between

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Platters and Serveware

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Majolica Yellow Shell Oyster Platter Sarreguemines Circa 1930

H 1 in Dm 14.5 in

1900s Majolica Ceramic Jardenier by Eichwald, Marked

By Eichwald

Located in Praha, CZ

A fine antique continental majolica ceramic jardenier, decorated with floral blossoms marked by

Category

Early 20th Century Czech Art Deco Planters, Cachepots and Jardinières

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

1900s Majolica Ceramic Jardenier by Eichwald, Marked

H 5.52 in W 13 in D 3.94 in

French Majolica Set of 2 Vases & Jardiniere Orchies circa 1930

By Orchies

Located in Austin, TX

A French Majolica set of 2 vases and a jardiniere with flowers signed Orchies circa 1930. Art Deco

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Planters and Jardinieres

Materials

Majolica, Ceramic

French Majolica Set of 2 Vases & Jardiniere Orchies circa 1930

H 12.5 in Dm 6 in

Antique Majolica Serving Tray

Located in Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, AR

Antique Art Deco porcelain and metal serving tray with a fruit basket stencil design. In very good

Category

Vintage 1930s Czech Art Deco Serving Pieces

Materials

Metal

Antique Majolica Serving Tray

H 18.51 in W 11.82 in D 1.19 in

1930's Art Deco CIMA Deruta Urn with Fox by Ezio Cocchioni, documented

By Marcello Fantoni, Baldelli

Located in Hanover, MA

Rare 1930's Italian black glazed majolica urn with asymmetric handles which are silvered along with

Category

Vintage 1930s Italian Art Deco Ceramics

Materials

Majolica

1930's Art Deco CIMA Deruta Urn with Fox by Ezio Cocchioni, documented

H 9 in W 14 in D 10.5 in

Karlsruhe Majolika Manufactory Sculpture, Dogs, Dachshund, Germany, 20th Century

By Majolica Manufactory of Karlsruhe

Located in Greven, DE

Beautiful figure of two dachshund puppies from the well-known Karlsruhe Majolika Manufactory. Marked on the bottom '5338', the production number. On the bottom we see the coat of arm...

Category

Early 20th Century German Art Deco Animal Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Karlsruhe Majolika Manufactory Sculpture, Dogs, Dachshund, Germany, 20th Century

H 4.73 in W 8.27 in D 4.34 in

SAINT-CLEMENT French Art Deco Ceramic Parrot Pitcher, 1920

By Saint-Clément

Located in Saint-Amans-des-Cots, FR

French Mid-century ceramic parrot pitcher by SAINT-CLEMENT, France, 1920s. It was around 1920 that the Faïencerie Saint-Clément began producing pitchers in the shape of animal. It w...

Category

Vintage 1920s French Art Deco Pitchers

Materials

Ceramic, Earthenware, Majolica

SAINT-CLEMENT French Art Deco Ceramic Parrot Pitcher, 1920

H 13 in W 5.91 in D 3.78 in

Flower Vase, Early Art Deco, Blue Yellow Run Glaze, Ceramic, ~ 1915, France

Located in Wien, AT

Very decorative vase from the early art deco period, made in France. This object has a shape that

Category

Vintage 1910s French Art Deco Ceramics

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Flower Vase, Early Art Deco, Blue Yellow Run Glaze, Ceramic, ~ 1915, France

H 14.17 in Dm 6.3 in

Friedgard Glatzle for Karlsruhe Majolika Craquelure Vase West German Pottery 195

By Majolica Manufactory of Karlsruhe

Located in Clifton Springs, NY

palette of the vase show some influence of Art Deco and Chinoiserie styles in the choice of glaze. The

Category

Mid-20th Century German Art Deco Vases

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica, Pottery

Friedgard Glatzle for Karlsruhe Majolika Craquelure Vase West German Pottery 195

H 5.2 in Dm 4.6 in

Pair of French Majolica Pitchers or Vases

Located in Winter Park, FL

A pair of French Majolica vases or pitchers, each with double tree branch form handles and spouts

Category

Early 20th Century French Art Deco Vases

Materials

Majolica

Pair of French Majolica Pitchers or Vases

H 11 in W 11 in D 6 in

Large Rare White Faience Cat Art Deco Jacques Adnet

By Jacques Adnet

Located in Austin, TX

Large Rare White Faience Cat Art Deco Jacques Adnet. Made by Henri Delcourt a Boulogne (1917-1935

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Animal Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic, Faience, Majolica

Large Rare White Faience Cat Art Deco Jacques Adnet

H 14 in W 10.5 in D 6.3 in

majolika karlsruhe WALL PLATE gustav heinkel 1930s

By Gustav Heinkel, Karlsruher Majolika

Located in Mannheim, DE

Very beautiful platter designed by Gustav Heinkel for Majolika Karlsruhe in the early 1930s. Majolika Karlsruhe logo on the backside. Dimensions: Diameter 7 2/3" (19.5 cm), height 3...

Category

Vintage 1930s German Art Deco Decorative Art

Materials

Majolica

majolika karlsruhe WALL PLATE gustav heinkel 1930s

H 0.79 in W 7.68 in D 7.68 in

Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Majolica oyster plate Sarreguemines, circa 1930.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic

Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, circa 1930

H 9.5 in Dm 9.5 in

Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Majolica oyster plate Sarreguemines, circa 1930.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic

Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, circa 1930

H 9.5 in Dm 9.5 in

Majolica Fish Saucer Badonvillers, circa 1930

Located in Austin, TX

Majolica Fish Saucer signed Badonvillers circa 1930.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Serving Pieces

Materials

Ceramic

Majolica Fish Saucer Badonvillers, circa 1930

H 6.3 in W 9.8 in D 3.3 in

I.C.S. Majolica Plaque Mother and Child, Madonna, Italy 1927-1940

By Industria Ceramica Salernitana

Located in Clifton Springs, NY

in relief and decorated with majolica glazes. Teal and blue glazes, used for the dress and the

Category

Early 20th Century Italian Art Deco Ceramics

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

I.C.S. Majolica Plaque Mother and Child, Madonna, Italy 1927-1940

H 7 in W 3.63 in D 1 in

Figural Majolica Erphila Dachshund Dog Teapot c.1920-1940 Made in Germany

Located in San Juan Capistrano, CA

Whimsical German Erphila Figural Daschund Teapot. Has typical crazing to the high gloss finish, no chips, cracks or repairs.

Category

20th Century German Art Deco Pottery

Materials

Majolica, Pottery

Figural Majolica Erphila Dachshund Dog Teapot c.1920-1940 Made in Germany

H 8 in W 3.75 in D 7.5 in

Lemons Majolica Ceramic Dinnerware Dessert Serving Set for Six

Located in Barcelona, ES

A beautiful glazed ceramic hand painted serving set, France, 1930s-1940s Set includes 6 dishes and a large serving tray with handles at both sides. All hand painted with lemons and l...

Category

20th Century French Art Deco Platters and Serveware

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

Lemons Majolica Ceramic Dinnerware Dessert Serving Set for Six

H 1.97 in W 12.01 in D 10.44 in

Majolica Fish Saucer Sarreguemines, circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Majolica Fish Saucer Sarreguemines, circa 1930.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Serving Pieces

Materials

Ceramic

Majolica Fish Saucer Sarreguemines, circa 1930

H 5 in W 9.5 in D 3.5 in

Art Deco Ditmar Urbach Pitcher Czechoslovakia Flame Decor 1920-1938

By Ditmar Urbach

Located in Clifton Springs, NY

Art Deco pitcher with abstract flame design in hues of red, purple and yellow was made by Ditmar

Category

Early 20th Century Czech Art Deco Pitchers

Materials

Pottery, Majolica, Ceramic

Art Deco Ditmar Urbach Pitcher Czechoslovakia Flame Decor 1920-1938

H 7.6 in W 7.3 in D 5.6 in

Contemporary Italian Enameled Black White Majolica Crown Bowl & Platinum Accents

By Cosulich Interiors & Antiques

Located in New York, NY

Contemporary handmade Italian work of art, a bowl in the shape of a crown in majolica by Ceramica

Category

2010s Italian Art Deco Decorative Bowls

Materials

Platinum, Enamel

Contemporary Italian Enameled Black White Majolica Crown Bowl & Platinum Accents

H 8.69 in Dm 10 in

Contemporary Italian Enameled Black White Majolica Crown Bowl & Platinum Accents

By Cosulich Interiors & Antiques

Located in New York, NY

Contemporary handmade Italian work of art, a bowl in the shape of a crown in majolica by Ceramica

Category

2010s Italian Art Deco Decorative Bowls

Materials

Enamel, Platinum

Contemporary Italian Enameled Black White Majolica Crown Bowl & Platinum Accents

H 8.69 in Dm 10 in

Large French Majolica Pitcher Orchies, circa 1930

By Orchies

Located in Austin, TX

French Majolica pitcher signed Orchies, circa 1930. Art deco period.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Pitchers

Materials

Ceramic

Large French Majolica Pitcher Orchies, circa 1930

H 6 in W 6 in D 4.2 in

Hand Painted Yellow Ceramic Vase by Bottega Vignoli Italy Contemporary Majolica

By Bottega Vignoli

Located in London, GB

Gio' Vase - Hommage to Gio Ponti, 2024 - Hand-painted majolica, fired in full fire-reduction

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Italian Art Deco Vases

Materials

Ceramic, Earthenware, Majolica

Hand Painted Yellow Ceramic Vase by Bottega Vignoli Italy Contemporary Majolica

H 14.18 in Dm 11.03 in

Large French Majolica Pitcher Orchies, Circa 1930

By Orchies

Located in Austin, TX

Large French Majolica pitcher signed Orchies, Circa 1930. Art deco period.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Pitchers

Materials

Ceramic

Large French Majolica Pitcher Orchies, Circa 1930

H 7 in W 5 in D 7.3 in

Green Majolica Fish Saucer Sarreguemines, circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Green Majolica Fish Saucer Sarreguemines, circa 1930.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Serving Pieces

Materials

Ceramic

Green Majolica Fish Saucer Sarreguemines, circa 1930

H 5 in W 9.5 in D 3.5 in

French Majolica Trivet Lobster Gien Circa 1940

By Gien

Located in Austin, TX

French Majolica Trivet Lobster and shells signed Gien Circa 1940.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Platters and Serveware

Materials

Ceramic

French Majolica Trivet Lobster Gien Circa 1940

H 0.5 in W 6.5 in D 6.5 in

Tea service for twelve people "Fiuma," design Eva ZEISEL for SMF. 1930s

By Eva Zeisel, Schramberg Majolica

Located in Torino, IT

Tea service for twelve people Foam design Eva ZEISEL for SMF Schramberg Majolika Fabrik. The service consists of a teapot, sugar bowl, milk jug and twelve cups with saucers. ORIGIN...

Category

Vintage 1930s German Art Deco Porcelain

Materials

Ceramic

Tea service for twelve people "Fiuma," design Eva ZEISEL for SMF. 1930s

H 7.09 in W 7.49 in D 5.52 in

Contemporary Italian Apple Jade Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Platinum Accents

By Cosulich Interiors & Antiques

Located in New York, NY

Contemporary handmade Italian post-modern Work of Art in the shape of a Fleur de Lys crown in

Category

2010s Italian Art Deco Decorative Bowls

Materials

Enamel

Contemporary Italian Apple Jade Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Platinum Accents

H 6 in Dm 8.25 in

French Green Majolica Trivet Sarreguemines, Circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

French Green Majolica Trivet signed Sarreguemines Circa 1930. Trompe l 'oeil basket.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Platters and Serveware

Materials

Ceramic

French Green Majolica Trivet Sarreguemines, Circa 1930

H 0.5 in Dm 10.3 in

French Majolica Fish Platter Sarreguemines Circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Large French Majolica fish platter signed Sarreguemines Circa 1930. Measures: 21 inches Lenght.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Platters and Serveware

Materials

Ceramic

French Majolica Fish Platter Sarreguemines Circa 1930

H 1.5 in W 21 in D 10 in

Green Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, Circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Green Majolica oyster plate signed Sarreguemines, circa 1930.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic

Green Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, Circa 1930

H 1 in Dm 10 in

Yellow Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, Circa 1930

By Sarreguemines

Located in Austin, TX

Majolica oyster plate signed Sarreguemines, circa 1930. Yellow mustard color.

Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Dinner Plates

Materials

Ceramic

Yellow Majolica Oyster Plate Sarreguemines, Circa 1930

H 1 in Dm 10 in

Contemporary Italian Hunter Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Pure Gold Accents

By Cosulich Interiors & Antiques

Located in New York, NY

Italian contemporary post-modern Work of Art in the shape of a castle crown in majolica, exclusive

Category

2010s Italian Art Deco Decorative Dishes and Vide-Poche

Materials

Gold, Enamel

Contemporary Italian Hunter Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Pure Gold Accents

H 6 in Dm 8 in

Contemporary Italian Apple Jade Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Platinum Accents

By Cosulich Interiors & Antiques

Located in New York, NY

Contemporary handmade Italian post-modern Work of Art in the shape of a Fleur de Lys crown in

Category

2010s Italian Art Deco Decorative Bowls

Materials

Platinum, Enamel

Contemporary Italian Apple Jade Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Platinum Accents

H 6 in Dm 8.25 in

Contemporary Italian Hunter Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Pure Gold Accents

By Cosulich Interiors & Antiques

Located in New York, NY

Italian contemporary post-modern Work of Art in the shape of a castle crown in majolica, exclusive

Category

2010s Italian Art Deco Decorative Dishes and Vide-Poche

Materials

Gold, Enamel

Contemporary Italian Hunter Green Majolica Crown Bowl with Pure Gold Accents

H 6 in Dm 8 in

Serveware, Ceramics, Silver and Glass Under $1,000

Antique and Vintage Serveware, Ceramics, Silver and Glass

Art Deco Serveware, Ceramics, Silver and Glass

20th Century Serveware, Ceramics, Silver and Glass

Ceramic Serveware, Ceramics, Silver and Glass

Serveware, Ceramics, Silver and Glass on Sale

Get Updated with New Arrivals

Save "Majolica Art Deco", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Majolica Art Deco For Sale on 1stDibs

At 1stDibs, there are many versions of the ideal majolica art deco for your home. Each majolica art deco for sale was constructed with extraordinary care, often using ceramic, earthenware and majolica. Whether you’re looking for an older or newer majolica art deco, there are earlier versions available from the 20th Century and newer variations made as recently as the 21st Century. Each majolica art deco bearing Art Deco or Mid-Century Modern hallmarks is very popular. Many designers have produced at least one well-made majolica art deco over the years, but those crafted by Sarreguemines, Majolica Manufactory of Karlsruhe and Schramberg Majolica are often thought to be among the most beautiful.

How Much is a Majolica Art Deco?

The average selling price for a majolica art deco at 1stDibs is $743, while they’re typically $145 on the low end and $11,702 for the highest priced.

A Close Look at Art Deco Furniture

Art Deco furniture is characterized by its celebration of modern life. More than its emphasis on natural wood grains and focus on traditional craftsmanship, vintage Art Deco dining chairs, tables, desks, cabinets and other furniture — which typically refers to pieces produced during the 1920s and 1930s — is an ode to the glamour of the “Roaring Twenties.”

ORIGINS OF ART DECO FURNITURE DESIGN

Emerged in the 1920s
Flourished while the popularity of Art Nouveau declined
Term derives from 1925’s Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) in Paris, France
Informed by Ancient Egypt, Cubism, Futurism, Louis XVI, De Stijl, modernism and the Vienna Secession; influenced Streamline Moderne and mid-century modernism

CHARACTERISTICS OF ART DECO FURNITURE DESIGN

Bold geometric lines and forms, floral motifs
Use of expensive materials such as shagreen or marble as well as exotic woods such as mahogany, ebony and zebra wood
Metal accents, shimmering mirrored finishes
Embellishments made from exotic animal hides, inlays of mother-of-pearl or ivory

ART DECO FURNITURE DESIGNERS TO KNOW

VINTAGE ART DECO FURNITURE ON 1STDIBS

Few design styles are as universally recognized and appreciated as Art Deco. The term alone conjures visions of the Roaring Twenties, Machine Age metropolises, vast ocean liners, sleek typography and Prohibition-era hedonism. The iconic movement made an indelible mark on all fields of design throughout the 1920s and ’30s, celebrating society’s growing industrialization with refined elegance and stunning craftsmanship.

Widely known designers associated with the Art Deco style include Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann, Eileen Gray, Maurice Dufrêne, Paul Follot and Jules Leleu.

The term Art Deco derives from the name of a large decorative arts exhibition held in Paris in 1925. “Art Deco design” is often used broadly, to describe the work of creators in associated or ancillary styles. This is particularly true of American Art Deco, which is also called Streamline Moderne or Machine Age design. (Streamline Moderne, sometimes known as Art Moderne, was a phenomenon largely of the 1930s, post–Art Nouveau.)

Art Deco textile designers employed dazzling floral motifs and vivid colors, and while Art Deco furniture makers respected the dark woods and modern metals with which they worked, they frequently incorporated decorative embellishments such as exotic animal hides as well as veneers in their seating, case pieces, living room sets and bedroom furniture.

From mother-of-pearl inlaid vitrines to chrome aviator chairs, bold and inventive works in the Art Deco style include chaise longues (also known as chaise lounges) and curved armchairs. Today, the style is still favored by interior designers looking to infuse a home with an air of luxury and sophistication.

The vintage Art Deco furniture for sale on 1stDibs includes dressers, coffee tables, decorative objects and more.

Questions About Majolica Art Deco

How do I identify Art Deco?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
To identify Art Deco, look for the characteristics of the period. Furniture produced at the time is generally lacquered metal with a mirror-like glossy finish. Wooden items should be an exotic wood. Most items feature symmetrical designs, and geometric forms were popular motifs during the period. In addition, Art Deco often shows the influence of Hellenistic, Egyptian and Asian designs. Shop a variety of Art Deco furniture and decorative objects on 1stDibs.
What was Art Deco influenced by?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertMay 3, 2024
Art Deco was influenced by a number of things. The discovery of ancient tombs around the turn of the century led to a renewed interest in Egyptian furniture and architecture that inspired Art Deco designers. Art Deco was also informed by Cubism, Futurism, Louis XVI style, De Stijl, modernism and the Vienna Secession. Shop a large collection of Art Deco furniture, decorative objects and jewelry on 1stDibs.
When did Art Deco originate?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertFebruary 1, 2024
The Art Deco period originated in France. Its name comes from the title of a large decorative arts exhibition held in Paris in 1925, credited with introducing the style to the world. It was informed by ancient Egypt, Cubism, Futurism, Louis XVI, De Stijl, modernism and the Vienna Secession and went on to influence the Streamline Moderne and mid-century modern movements. Shop a wide range of Art Deco furniture, decorative objects and jewelry on 1stDibs.
What is the history of Art Deco?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertMarch 25, 2024
The history of Art Deco begins in the early 20th century.

Art Deco emerged as a global design style around the start of World War I, during the last years of Art Nouveau's popularity. The style conjures visions of the Roaring Twenties, Machine Age metropolises, vast ocean liners, sleek typography and Prohibition-era hedonism. Its hallmarks include the use of geometric designs influenced by Cubism. Major discoveries of Egyptian tombs during the era also influenced the movement.

The term Art Deco derives from the name of a large decorative arts exhibition, the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, held in Paris in 1925. After World War II, tastes shifted toward more functional, less ornate modernism, but today, the Art Deco style is still favored for its luxurious sophistication. On 1stDibs, shop a large selection of vintage Art Deco furniture.
What is an Art Deco lamp?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
An Art Deco lamp is any lamp that’s made in the styles of the Art Deco movement, which was dominant in the 1920s and 1930s. On 1stDibs, you’ll find a collection of Art Deco lamps from some of the world’s top sellers.
What is art deco ring?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertAugust 17, 2021
Art Deco rings were made during the early 20th century. Named for a design movement that originated at a large decorative arts exhibition held in Paris in 1925, Art Deco rings are generally quite geometric, symmetrical and incorporate a variety of gemstones — especially sapphires and emeralds. Find a wide variety of Art Deco rings for sale on 1stDibs.
What defines Art Deco?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2024
A few things define Art Deco. Date is one factor, as the style emerged in the 1920s and remained popular during the 1930s. Art Deco design usually includes bold geometric lines and forms or intricate repeating floral motifs. Designers working in this style tended to use expensive materials, such as shagreen or marble, as well as exotic woods like mahogany, ebony and zebra wood. Furniture often featured metal accents, mirrored finishes and embellishments made from exotic animal hides and inlays of mother-of-pearl or ivory. Shop a wide range of Art Deco furniture on 1stDibs.
What was the Art Deco movement?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertMay 30, 2024
The Art Deco movement was a decorative style popular during the 1920s and ’30s. Few design styles are as universally recognized and appreciated as Art Deco. The term alone conjures visions of the Roaring Twenties, Machine Age metropolises, vast ocean liners, sleek typography and Prohibition-era hedonism. The iconic movement made an indelible mark on all fields of design, celebrating society's growing industrialization with refined elegance and stunning craftsmanship. Widely known designers associated with the Art Deco style include Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann, Eileen Gray, Maurice Dufrêne, Paul Follot and Jules Leleu. The term Art Deco derives from the name of a large decorative arts exhibition held in Paris in 1925. On 1stDibs, shop a wide range of Art Deco furniture and decorative objects.
What is an art deco watch?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
An art deco watch is defined by its geometric case, which is either circular or rectangular. The watch style was highly popular between 1920 and 1950, and is still sought after today. You’ll find a collection of art deco watches from some of the world’s top sellers on 1stDibs
What is art deco jewelry?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertFebruary 22, 2021
Art Deco jewelry was popular during the design movement of the 1920s and 30s. Art Deco jewelry is typically characterized by geometric patterns and gemstones of contrasting colors.
What is the difference between Art Nouveau and Art Deco?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertAugust 15, 2019
The main difference between Art Nouveau and Art Deco is that the former is detailed and ornate, and the latter is sharp and geometrical. When the movement started at the end of the 19th century, Art Nouveau was heavily influenced by nature and the curved lines of flowers. Art Deco, which became popular in the beginning of the 20th century, was inspired by the geometric abstraction of cubism.
How do I know if my ring is Art Deco?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertFebruary 13, 2023
To know if a ring is Art Deco, examine its style. The Art Deco period, encompassing the 1920s and ’30s, ushered in a very distinct look in the design of jewelry. Makers often incorporated geometric motifs in jewelry designs. Materials may also provide a clue about the era of the piece. Platinum, rubies, sapphires and emeralds were some of the most common precious metals and gemstones used at the time. Keep in mind that there are many convincing reproductions of Art Deco rings and other high-quality pieces inspired by originals. As a result, you may wish to have a certified appraiser or expert within the field of antique jewelry design to evaluate the ring. Shop a selection of Art Deco rings on 1stDibs.
How do I identify Art Deco furniture?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertFebruary 27, 2024
To identify Art Deco furniture, first look for maker's markings in inconspicuous areas. Once you've found them, use trusted online resources to research the manufacturer and determine whether they were active during the Art Deco era, which spanned from the 1920s through the 1930s. You can also look for classic characteristics of Art Deco furniture, such as bold geometric lines and forms, intricate floral motifs, metal accents, mirrored finishes and fine materials such as shagreen, marble, mahogany wood, zebra wood, ebony, exotic animal hides, onyx and mother-of-pearl. A certified appraiser or knowledgeable antiques dealer can also assist you with making identifications. Shop a collection of Art Deco furniture on 1stDibs.
Is Art Deco jewelry valuable?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertFebruary 1, 2024
Yes, some Art Deco jewelry is valuable. Jewelry from the 1920s and ’30s has remained consistently popular. It experienced a major revival in the 1960s, and even today, jewelry makers continue to be inspired by the period. As a result, demand for Art Deco jewelry is typically high, but the actual value of a piece depends on its style, maker, age and condition. A certified appraiser or experienced antiques dealer can help you determine how much your jewelry is worth. Explore a large selection of Art Deco jewelry on 1stDibs.
How was Art Deco furniture made?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
Art Deco furniture was largely made by hand. Crafters often employed exotic hardwood like zebra wood, rosewood and Macassar ebony. Many pieces had a polished Japanese lacquer finish, which gave a high-gloss shine to the wood. On 1stDibs, shop a variety of Art Deco furniture.
What are Art Deco engagement rings?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertNovember 8, 2023
Art Deco engagement rings are accessories that were produced during the 1920s and '30s and are characterized by details associated with the Art Deco style. They're often very colorful and feature bold geometric lines as well as gemstones cut in nontraditional ways. While the style got its name from an arts exhibition in Paris in 1925, Art Deco was inspired by Cubism and a shift from Art Nouveau's floral aesthetic. The modern look of Art Deco engagement rings reflects an evolution in fashion, visual art and more, as well as the sweeping societal changes taking hold at the time. On 1stDibs, shop a range of vintage Art Deco engagement rings.
What are art deco lamps made of?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
Art deco lamps come in a variety of shapes, sizes and styles. Vintage art deco-style lamps were made of natural materials such as metal, glass and pottery. You’ll find a variety of art deco lamps from some of the world’s top sellers on 1stDibs.
Was Eileen Gray Art Deco?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertFebruary 21, 2024
The answer to whether Eileen Gray's designs were Art Deco depends on which piece you're considering. Gray was ever-evolving as a designer. By the early 1920s, she was creating geometric works that embodied the essence of Art Deco and the nascent modernist design movement. Some pieces, like her Bricks screen, employ the planar forms favored by Gerrit Rietveld and other De Stijl architects of the Netherlands. Others feature the tubular chrome framing used by Marcel Breuer and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who are associated with the mid-century modern design style. On 1stDibs, shop a variety of Eileen Gray furniture.
Is Toulouse-Lautrec Art Deco?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
The work of French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec falls into the Art Nouveau style, which was prevalent approximately during the period of 1890-1910. Following the Art Nouveau period was the Art Deco era, which is usually defined as the era between 1920 and 1930. Toulouse-Lautrec died in 1901 putting his art in the era of Art Nouveau, but certain aspects of it definitely hint at the coming Art Deco style considering the definite overlap of the two movements. On 1stDibs, find a variety of original artwork from top artists.
What is the difference between Art Deco and MCM?
1 Answer
1stDibs ExpertAugust 26, 2024
The difference between Art Deco and mid-century modern (MCM) is that the terms describe two distinct design styles. Art Deco typically refers to pieces produced between the 1920s and 1930s. Furniture produced in this style tends to display bold geometric lines and forms, floral motifs, metal accents, shimmering mirrored finishes and embellishments made from exotic animal hides, inlays of mother-of-pearl or ivory. MCM, or mid-century modern, emerged after World War II. Organically shaped, clean-lined and elegantly simple are three terms that well describe vintage mid-century modern furniture. Designers working in this style frequently used industrial materials, including steel, fiberglass, molded plywood, and alluring woods such as teak, rosewood and oak. Explore a wide variety of Art Deco and mid-century modern furniture on 1stDibs.

This Onyx, Diamond and Sapphire Ring Is an Art Deco Stunner

The exquisite French jewel feels as modern today as when it was created, nearly a century ago.

Eileen Gray’s Famed Cliffside Villa in the South of France Is Returned to Its Modernist Glory

After years of diligent restoration, E-1027, the designer-cum-architect’s marriage of romance and modernism, is finally complete.

A 1920s Art Deco Necklace with a Stunning Drop Emerald

The cabochon gem centerpiece and diamond-set elliptical rings makes it a marvel of Gatsby-era glamour.

Cartier: The Jeweler Who Helped Define Art Deco

Cartier created some of the most iconic jewelry designs that defined this era.

Our Guide to Victorian, Edwardian and Art Deco Engagement Rings

Learn about these antique jewelry styles, then choose a design that speaks to you.

Why Vintage Watches Are Making a Comeback

Men, women and the watchmakers themselves are falling for the old-fashioned charm of retro timepieces.

The Process: 5 Creators of Chic Customizable Lighting

Bespoke lighting is a hallmark of upscale interiors, and contemporary makers are increasingly ambitious in their materials and forms.

An Incomparable Trove of Art Deco Treasures Is on View in Miami Beach

Heading to Florida for the art and design fairs in early December? Make time on your schedule to visit a newly opened exhibition that examines the movement's migration from Europe to America, and its evolution from niche to universal appeal.