Four Roundels: Saint Peter Martyr and Scenes of Martyrdom - Primo Miniatore di San Domenico or the Seneca Master (active, Bolog

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Miniature
Four Roundels: Saint Peter Martyr and Scenes of Martyrdom - Primo Miniatore di San Domenico or the Seneca Master (active, Bolog
c. 1307-24

About the Item

(70 mm. each) These roundels were cut, probably before 1932, from Choir books executed for the church of San Domenico in Bologna, the burial place of Saint Dominic himself. Ten volumes of the Antiphonal and eleven volumes of the Gradual are still found in the library of San Dominico (Alce and D'Amato, 1961, pp. 141-69, Antiphonary MSS 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 and 14). Three other volumes from a different series but by the same artist are preserved in the Museo Civico Medievale di Bologna (MSS 523-524 and 611). These large-format Choir books (leaf size greater than 600 x 400 mm.) typically contain five lines of text and music per page. Major feasts are introduced by historiated initials with three-quarter foliate borders that often incorporate historiated roundels in the lower border. The manuscripts are dated from the fact that the cycle includes the office of St. Alexius (approved for Dominican use in 1307), while the office of St. Thomas Aquinas (who was canonized in 1323 and whose feast was introduced into the liturgy in 1324) was omitted from its place in the liturgical year but was added in a supplement executed by one of the artists whose work is also found in the original series. Together these manuscripts constitute the most important cycle of Choir books made in Bologna in the first quarter of the fourteenth century, and they became the prototype for Dominican manuscripts after them. Many cuttings and some leaves from the San Domenico Choir books are now in the Fondazione Giorgio Cini and elsewhere. The Fondazione Cini leaves have been linked to the set not only by similarity of style and format but also by the numbering of the pages and the continuity of the text, which show that the Venetian leaves fill lacunae in the Bolognese series (Mariani Canova, 1975, nos. 6-17). Of the seven illuminators who worked on the Bologna volumes, the Primo Miniatore di San Domenico, sometimes identified with the Seneca Master, is considered the most important. It is difficult to determine whether the codex from which he takes one of his two names, a copy of Seneca in Paris (BnF, MS lat. 11855), precedes or follows his work on the San Domenico Choir books Without the aid of text, the present roundels cannot be placed exactly, although the differences in subject and condition between the miniature of St. Peter Martyr and the other three suggest that the latter came from a different page. Alce's careful listing of folios missing or mutilated in the volumes at San Domenico shows substantial damage to the Antiphonary of the Saints for March 25-May 24 (Corale 9), which would have included the feast of St. Peter Martyr (April 29), but he also notes that representations of Peter Martyr and of St. Dominic appear throughout the manuscripts, even where they have no specific illustrative function. The other three roundels undoubtedly provided a narrative supplement to a historiated initial that depicted the major event in the life of this saint. The artists style is impregnated with the influence of Giotto, his near-contemporary. Literature: V. Alec and A. D'Amato, La Biblioteca di S. Domenico in Bologna, Florence, 1961, pp. 141-69; G. Mariani Canova, Miniature dell'Italia settentrionale nella Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, 1978, see esp. nos. 6-17; Massimo Medico, in Dizionario biographico dei miniatori italiani secoli IX-XVI, ed. Milvia Bollati, Milan, Bonnard, 2004, pp. 663-664.

Creator:
Miniature
Creation Year:
c. 1307-24
Condition:
Excellent.
Gallery Location:
New York, NY
Reference Number:
1stDibs: G1203139838

Four Roundels: Saint Peter Martyr and Scenes of Martyrdom - Primo Miniatore di San Domenico or the Seneca Master (active, Bolog

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