Fabric Clocks

A wonderful late 19th-century brass carriage clock with it's carrying case and winding key sold by Russell's Ltd. (England/France, founded 1848), c.1890s. Signed on the dial "Russell's Ltd. Paris". A great example of a French Couaillet Freres Carriage Clock of Saint-Nicolas-D'Aliermont manufacture, France. Clock isn't marked with the makers name but has the distinctive arrow design he used above the winding post. The clock is a fine example of the corniche style, with clean brass lines framing glass panels on the sides, rear, and top, and a brass carrying handle. The internal movement is revealed and can be seen from all angles through the glass. The back panel door can be opened for access. The clock has one jewel and has been cleaned in the past, but would benefit from an additional cleaning. It keeps time but please note there is some minor variability. Clock; 5"H x 3 3/8"W x 3"D. Case, 6 3/8" x 4.5"W 4.5"D (case is well worn with significant losses to leather covering as pictured). The period carrying case has a dark brown leather exterior and a deep purple velvet interior. The top latch is opened with a push button on the right side. The front panel of the case can be switched out for either a leather panel, or a glass panel to view the clock while it is inside. Whichever panel is not in use can be stored in a slot in the rear side. There is also a special storage slot next to the hinge for the winding key. Russel's Ltd, Paris purveyors: Following the deaths of Thomas Robert and Alfred Holgate, Alfred's son Bernard Holgate Russell and his cousin Thos Townsend Russell took over the company and the name of the business was changed in 1894 to Russells Limited. From this date it appears that they continued as retail jewellers with several branches in Liverpool and, by the early 1900's, Manchester and Llandudno as well. Clock maker: Armand Couaillet (1865–1954) was a French clock maker from Saint-Nicolas-d'Aliermont in Normandy . In 1890 Couaillet started a business producing carriage clocks; shortly afterwards his three brothers join the business. By the turn of the century, the company employed about 100 workers and were producing 4000 carriage clocks each month. On the eve of World War I , The Couaillet brothers employed 300 people and their catalog listed 250 models of clocks, but during the war, the focus of production switched to precision mechanical components for fuses, parts for aircraft engines and field telegraph systems. History of Russell's Ltd: Thomas Russell 's name is synonymous with the Lancashire watch making industry and he is an icon for watch purists and enthusiasts around the world. But how he came to become a watchmaker and why Lancashire played such an important role in the watchmaking industry is a fascinating story. In the 17th century farmers and agricultural workers who needed to supplement their income during the winter months undertook much of the work of watchmaking. In and around Lancashire this was particularly important and the proximity of metalworking, the availability of fine metal tools and the port of Liverpool aided the growth of the industry. By the 18th century watch parts were being sub-contracted to small farms and cottages throughout the region. Another factor in the growth of this cottage industry were the significant lower overheads that the farmers enjoyed as part-time workers in their own homes. Elsewhere wages were the largest contributor to the total cost of watch manufacturing with the cost of raw materials, apart from gold and silver used in the making of expensive cases, relatively small. One commentator notes that, "From Prescott to Liverpool, eight miles as the crow flies, the countryside was dotted with the cottages of spring makers, wheel cutters, chain makers, case makers, dial makers - every speciality that went into the making of a watch." By the end of the 18th century between 150,000 and 200,000 watches a year were being produced by this system, satisfying the national need for accurate timekeeping as the industrial revolution took hold. The Lancashire sub-contracting system allowed the production of watch movements at such low prices that by the end of the 18th century, the Lancashire manufacturers were supplying most of the great watch firms in London, Coventry and Liverpool. All that these firms needed to do was to make or source their own case and dial, and then assemble the watch. Thomas Russell joined this hive of activity in 1848 when he moved his business as a watch manufacturer to Slater Street in Liverpool. The city was a major seafaring port and the manufacture of ships' clocks and chronometers became an important revenue stream for the business. Thomas Russell's father, also named Thomas Russell (1780-1830), the founder of this watchmaking dynasty, was born in Eskdale a small village in Cumberland. He served his time in watchmaking in New St. Broughton-in-Furness Lancashire under William Bellman, he then served his journeyman time with William Wakefield in Market St Lancaster where he later started a business of his own in the same street. He had two sons; one named Thomas was married to Mary in 1831. They also had two sons, Thomas Robert (1833-1894) born in Lancaster and Alfred Holgate Russell (1840-1893). In about 1840 the family moved to Halifax setting up a watchmaking business in Lord St. It was here that Alfred was born. By 1848 the family had moved once more and records show that Thomas Russell was a watch manufacturer with premises at 20 or 22 Slater Street, Liverpool and later at number 32 in the same street. It was here that Thomas Russell became arguably Liverpool 's finest watchmaker and the business produced quality watches and clocks, including the celebrated Russell Hunter pocket watch. Thomas Senior and his oldest son Thomas Robert were granted a Royal Warrant by Queen Victoria indicating their rapid progress in watch manufacturing. Around 1859, Thomas handed...

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