Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 19th Century Austrian Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak, Lacquer
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Belgian Black Marble, Stone
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
1970s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Early 20th Century Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1930s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Oak
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Cherry, Wood, Oak, Lacquer
2010s French Directoire Furniture
Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone, Belgian Black Marble, Statuary Marble
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Stone
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Late 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Mid-20th Century Italian Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
21st Century and Contemporary French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Onyx, Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1920s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Early 1800s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal, Iron
1790s European Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Ormolu
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Cotton, Silk, Upholstery, Mahogany, Giltwood
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood, Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Walnut
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1980s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
21st Century and Contemporary Asian Directoire Furniture
Wood