Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Walnut
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood, Walnut
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood, Paint
21st Century and Contemporary Asian Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Wood
18th Century and Earlier Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1870s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1890s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Oak
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century European Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
1960s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold Leaf
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal
2010s American Directoire Furniture
Glass, Wood, Paint
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1650s Swiss Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Marble
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1780s Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood, Cherry, Nutwood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Walnut
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Leather
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Paint, Plaster, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century Caribbean Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Cedar
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Beech
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Metal, Iron
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Crystal, Ormolu
Early 19th Century English Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Fruitwood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1970s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Bronze, Ormolu
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1940s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Mahogany, Silk
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Late 18th Century British Antique Directoire Furniture
Elm, Nutwood
18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Nutwood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood, Mahogany
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1960s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
Late 18th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble