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Enrico BajEnrico Baj, General, from XXe siecle, 19621962
1962
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About the Item
This exquisite lithograph with collaged textures simulating fabric and woodgrain by Enrico Baj (1924–2003), titled Generale (General), from the album XXe Siecle, Nouvelle serie, XXIV Annee N°20, Noel 1962, originates from the 1962 edition published by Societe Internationale d'Art XXe siecle, Paris, under the direction of Gualtieri di San Lazzaro, editeur, Paris, and printed by Mourlot Freres, Paris, 1962. Generale captures Baj’s signature wit and anti-establishment satire, transforming the image of military authority into a playful yet pointed commentary on power through texture, humor, and form.
Executed as a lithograph with collaged textures simulating fabric and woodgrain on velin paper, this work measures 12.5 x 9.75 inches. Unsigned and unnumbered as issued. The edition exemplifies the superb craftsmanship of Mourlot Freres, Paris.
Artwork Details:
Artist: Enrico Baj (1924–2003)
Title: Generale (General), from the album XXe Siecle, Nouvelle serie, XXIV Annee N°20, Noel 1962
Medium: Lithograph with collaged textures simulating fabric and woodgrain on velin paper
Dimensions: 12.5 x 9.75 inches (31.75 x 24.77 cm)
Inscription: Unsigned and unnumbered as issued
Date: 1962
Publisher: Societe Internationale d'Art XXe siecle, Paris, under the direction of Gualtieri di San Lazzaro, editeur, Paris
Printer: Mourlot Freres, Paris
Catalogue Raisonne Reference: Baj, Catalogue de l'oeuvre grave, Scheiwiller, Milan, 1972, illustration 72.
Condition: Well preserved, consistent with age and medium
Provenance: From the album XXe Siecle, Nouvelle serie, XXIV Annee N°20, Noel 1962, published by Societe Internationale d'Art XXe siecle, Paris, under the direction of Gualtieri di San Lazzaro, editeur, Paris; printed by Mourlot Freres, Paris, 1962
About the Publication:
Gualtieri di San Lazzaro's XXe Siecle (Twentieth Century) was one of the most influential art journals of the modern era, founded in Paris in 1938 as a platform for the greatest painters, sculptors, and writers of the 20th century. San Lazzaro, a visionary editor, critic, and champion of modernism, believed that art and literature should coexist as expressions of a shared human imagination. Under his direction, XXe Siecle became a cultural bridge between Europe and the wider world, publishing special issues devoted to leading figures such as Picasso, Matisse, Chagall, Braque, Calder, Miro, Kandinsky, and Leger. Each edition combined essays by renowned critics and poets with original lithographs and woodcuts printed by the foremost ateliers of Paris, Milan, and New York, including Mourlot, Curwen, and Amilcare Pizzi, creating a uniquely rich dialogue between text and image. Through XXe Siecle, San Lazzaro preserved the creative spirit of the avant-garde during and after World War II, championing freedom of expression and the evolution of abstraction, surrealism, and modern thought. Over nearly four decades, the journal shaped international taste and defined the intellectual landscape of postwar art publishing. Today, XXe Siecle remains celebrated for its extraordinary synthesis of art, literature, and design, an enduring testament to Gualtieri di San Lazzaro's belief that the visual arts are the soul of the modern age.
About the Artist:
Enrico Baj (1924–2003) was an Italian painter, printmaker, and collagist whose rebellious imagination, political wit, and groundbreaking use of mixed media made him one of the most original and influential figures of postwar European art. Born in Milan, Baj studied at the Brera Academy before rejecting academic convention to co-found the Nuclear Art Movement (Movimento d’Arte Nucleare) in 1951 with Sergio Dangelo, a manifesto-driven exploration of creativity in the atomic age that merged science, humor, and existential dread. Deeply immersed in the international avant-garde, Baj formed friendships and collaborations with Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Wassily Kandinsky, Marcel Duchamp, and Man Ray, artists whose experimental spirits and defiance of tradition helped shape his own. Like Duchamp, he infused art with irony and intellect; like Dali and Miro, he drew from Surrealism’s dreamlike energy; like Picasso, he reinvented figuration; and like Calder, he injected playfulness and motion into his compositions. Baj became internationally known for his satirical Generali and Parate Militari series, in which he used found materials—buttons, medals, fabrics, and epaulettes—to construct grotesque portraits of military leaders, lampooning the absurdity of power and hierarchy. His art, rich in texture and visual wit, blended Dada’s irreverence with Pop Art’s immediacy and Art Informel’s spontaneity, revealing a constant tension between beauty and critique. In works such as Funeral of the Anarchist Pinelli (1972), Baj combined social commentary with surreal imagery to confront the politics of his time, challenging the viewer to laugh and reflect simultaneously. His later Totem and Ladies series of the 1970s and 1980s turned inward, using mirrors, lace, and vivid color to explore identity, sensuality, and self-perception. Beyond his art, Baj was an articulate theorist and writer, maintaining intellectual exchanges with figures like Andre Breton, Umberto Eco, and Raymond Queneau, and producing manifestos that reflected his belief that art should both amuse and provoke. His influence extended to generations of artists—from Robert Rauschenberg and Jean Dubuffet to Maurizio Cattelan and Banksy—who inherited his spirit of satire and conceptual rebellion. Baj’s works are housed in major museums including the Centre Pompidou (Paris), the Tate Modern (London), the Museum of Modern Art (New York), and the Museo del Novecento (Milan), celebrated for their audacious blend of humor, humanity, and critique. Standing alongside Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Wassily Kandinsky, Marcel Duchamp, and Man Ray, Enrico Baj remains a cornerstone of postwar modernism—a visionary who turned absurdity into poetry and protest into art. His highest auction record was achieved by Grande decorazione (Grand Decoration) (1956), which sold for $406,000 USD at Christie’s, Milan, on April 11, 2018, reaffirming his enduring status as one of the most daring, intellectual, and collectible artists of the European avant-garde.
Enrico Baj Generale, Baj General 1962 XXe Siecle, Baj Mourlot lithograph, Baj collage textures, Baj velin paper, Baj collectible print.
- Creator:Enrico Baj (1924-2003, Italian)
- Creation Year:1962
- Dimensions:Height: 12.4 in (31.5 cm)Width: 9.65 in (24.52 cm)
- Medium:
- Movement & Style:
- Period:
- Condition:
- Gallery Location:Southampton, NY
- Reference Number:1stDibs: LU1465216587562
Enrico Baj
Enrico Baj, born in Milan on October 31, 1924 and died in Vergiate on June 16, 2003, was an Italian painter, libertarian anarcho-pataphysician. In 1950, with the painter Sergio Dangelo, he founded the Nuclear Movement (or Movimento Arte Nucleare), considered the Italian equivalent of the CoBrA movement. In 1953, he approached the painter Asger Jorn with the aim of founding the International Movement for an imaginist Bauhaus and organized the International Ceramic Meetings of Albisola, in which the painters Matta and Roland Giguère took part. From 1955, he composed his paintings with the most heterogeneous elements such as pieces of glass, skeins of wool, mattress canvas, watch dials. That same year, with the writer Édouard Jaguer, he created the Italian magazine Il gesto. After meeting Mesens in London, Marcel Duchamp and Arturo Schwarz in New York, he met André Breton in Paris in 1962. From 1965, he began a series of collages representing ladies: Dame Ninette de Valois, 1974 and Generals in ceremonial costumes overloaded with decorations: Lieutenant John Talbot, First Earl of Shrewsbury.
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